LONDON, England - Zochita zauchigawenga, kuchuluka kwa mikangano yomwe idamenyedwa, komanso kuchuluka kwa othawa kwawo komanso anthu othawa kwawo ndizomwe zidathandizira kupitilirabe kuwonongeka kwa bata padziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha. Izi zikutsimikizira kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma kutsika kwakukulu, komwe kugwetsa mchitidwe wazaka 60 wowonjezereka wamtendere padziko lonse kuyambira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.
Mavuto azachuma omwe ali ndi komanso kuthana ndi zotsatira za nkhanza zapadziko lonse chaka chatha akuyembekezeka kukhala US $ 9.8 thililiyoni, malinga ndi Global Peace Index (GPI) yomwe yatulutsidwa lero. Izi zikufanana ndi 11.3% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi - yofanana ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa mayiko 54 pachuma cha Africa.
Steve Killelea, woyambitsa ndi Wapampando Wachiwiri wa IEP, adati, "Zinthu zambiri zapangitsa kuti mtendere ukhale wovuta pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi kuphatikiza mavuto azachuma omwe akupitilira Global Financial Crisis, kubwezeredwa kwa Arab Spring, komanso kufalikira kwachuma. za uchigawenga. Popeza zotsatirazi zikuoneka kuti zidzapitirira posachedwapa; kubwereranso mwamphamvu mumtendere sikutheka.
“Izi zikubweretsa ndalama zenizeni ku chuma cha dziko; kuwonjezeka kwa zovuta zachuma zapadziko lonse zachiwawa ndi zomwe zili nazo zikufanana ndi 19% ya kukula kwachuma padziko lonse kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2013. Kuti tiyike bwino, izi ndi pafupifupi $ 1,350 pa munthu aliyense. Choopsa ndichakuti timagwera m'mavuto: kutsika kwachuma kumabweretsa ziwawa zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma chichuluke. ”
Bungwe la Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), lomwe limapanga lipotili, lapanganso njira zatsopano zowonetsera ziwerengero kuti zizindikire mayiko a 10 omwe akuopsezedwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zipolowe ndi chiwawa m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi. Zitsanzozi zili ndi mbiri yolondola ya 90%. Maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu akuphatikizapo Zambia, Haiti, Argentina, Chad, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nepal, Burundi, Georgia, Liberia ndi Qatar World Cup 2022.
Njira yatsopanoyi imasanthula deta yomwe idayambira mchaka cha 1996, ndikufanizira mayiko omwe ali ndi machitidwe a maboma omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mabungwe.
"Chomwe chasintha pakuwunikaku ndi kuthekera kwathu kuyerekeza momwe dziko lilili mwamtendere ndi momwe ziwawa zitha kuchulukira kapena kuchepa m'tsogolomu. Kuthekera kwa mtendere kwa dziko kumawunikidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino kuphatikiza mabungwe abwino, chabwino- boma logwira ntchito, katangale wochepa komanso malo okonda bizinesi omwe timawatcha kuti Mizati ya Mtendere. Zitsanzozi ndizosintha pakuwunika kuopsa kwa dziko; zinthu zabwino zamtendere zimakonda kugwirizanitsa nthawi yayitali ndi ziwawa zenizeni zomwe zimaloleza kulondola kwenikweni," adatero Steve Killelea.
"Poganizira momwe zinthu zikuipiraipira padziko lonse lapansi, sitingasangalale ndi maziko amtendere: kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti mtendere sungathe kuyenda popanda maziko ozama. Uku ndi kudzutsa maboma, mabungwe achitukuko, osunga ndalama ndi mayiko ena onse kuti kukhazikitsa mtendere ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. "
Pakuwunika kwapano kwa IEP, Cote d'Ivoire idalemba kusintha kwachiwiri kwakukulu mu GPI 2014 ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa ziwonetsero zachiwawa komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu othawa kwawo, pomwe kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika ku Georgia, chifukwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambiranso kuyambiranso. Nkhondo yake ya 2011 ndi Russia.
Dera lamtendere kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi likupitilirabe ku Europe pomwe dera lamtendere ndi South Asia. Afghanistan yasamutsidwa pansi pa index ndi Syria chifukwa chakusintha pang'ono kwamtendere wake pomwe Syria idapitilirabe kuwonongeka. South Sudan idatsika kwambiri pachilolezo chaka chino kufika pa 160 ndipo tsopano ili ngati dziko lachitatu lamtendere. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kunachitikanso ku Egypt, Ukraine ndi Central African Republic.
ZINTHU ZINA ZA M'CHIGAWO
Europe idatsogoleranso dziko lonse lapansi pankhani yamtendere wonse, pomwe mayiko aku Scandinavia akuchita bwino kwambiri. Maudindo asanu apamwamba sanasinthe kuchokera ku 2013. Zambiri mwazosintha zamtendere zili ku Balkan, dera lomwe mwachizoloŵezi lakhala lachisokonezo kwambiri m'deralo.
Chiwerengero cha North America chikuchepa pang'ono, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa zigawenga ku US, zokhudzana ndi kuukira kwa Boston-marathon mu April 2013. Derali likusungabe malo ake ngati achiwiri mwamtendere padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha Canada. Chogoli.
Dera la Asia-Pacific likadali pakati pa mayiko amtendere kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: lili pachitatu, kuseri kwa Europe ndi North America, ndipo likungowonongeka pang'ono kuchokera mu 2013. Dziko la Philippines lidawona kuwonongeka kwa "mgwirizano ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo" chifukwa cha mikangano ndi China zokhudzana ndi mkangano waku South China Sea. Mayiko a m'chigawo cha Indochina, komanso North Korea, akupitirizabe kukhala pansi pa derali. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Singapore ndi Taiwan onse ali pamwamba pa 30.
South America yachita ziwopsezo pang'ono kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwongolera kwamphamvu kochokera ku Argentina, Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Mosiyana ndi Uruguay, yomwe imasungabe malo ake ngati dziko lamtendere kwambiri m'derali, ikuwona kuti kuchuluka kwake kukuipiraipira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa apolisi ndi chitetezo. Mikangano yamkati ikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko awiri omwe ali ndi zigoli zochepa kwambiri m'chigawochi, Colombia ndi Venezuela.
Mtendere ku Central America ndi Caribbean udakali wovuta, koma derali limatha kuyenda bwino pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chake cha 2013 ndipo likucheperachepera pang'ono padziko lonse lapansi. Jamaica ndi Nicaragua ndizomwe zikuyenda bwino kwambiri popititsa patsogolo chitetezo chawo chakunyumba ndi chitetezo. Mexico, yomwe ikupitirizabe kukumana ndi nkhondo yoopsa ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ikugwa pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa asilikali a chitetezo chamkati.
Kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa kukuwona kuwonongeka kwachiwiri kwakukulu m'zigawo zachigawo koma kukuyenda bwino kuposa Russia ndi Eurasia, Middle-East ndi North Africa komanso South Asia. Maiko anayi mwa khumi mwa mayiko khumi omwe ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu koyipa akuchokera kudera lino, pamwamba pa South Sudan ndi Central African Republic.
Russia ndi Eurasia zikuwonetsa kusintha pang'ono pamasanjidwe, ndikupindula ndi kusintha kwabwino kuchokera kumayiko onse kupatula anayi mwa mayiko khumi ndi awiri a mderali. Mosakayikira, chochitika chachikulu m'derali ndi vuto lapakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ntchito za Ukraine ndi Russia pamikangano yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse zigwe. Russia idakali dziko lamtendere pang'ono m'derali komanso m'modzi mwa anthu osauka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ali pa nambala 152.
Middle East ndi North Africa (MENA) idakali pamitu yankhani pomwe mikangano yambiri yochokera ku Arab Spring ikupitilira kukula. Mosadabwitsa, Egypt ndi Syria ndi mayiko awiri omwe akuwona kuti ziwerengero zawo zikuipiraipira kwambiri, pomwe dziko la Egypt likutsika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kum'mwera kwa Asia kumakhalabe pamunsi pa masanjidwe onse am'madera; komabe zotsatira zake zidayenda bwino kwambiri kuposa dera lina lililonse. Mayiko onse ku South Asia adakweza zambiri, makamaka mtendere wawo wapakhomo. Chisankho chaposachedwa ku Afghanistan chidachitika popanda vuto lalikulu koyambirira kwa Epulo, pomwe zigawenga zikuyenda bwino, komabe zidathetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zigawenga komanso kuwononga ndalama pankhondo. Kusintha kwina ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawenga zandale, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu othawa kwawo komanso anthu othawa kwawo ku Sri Lanka ndi Bhutan.
Mayiko khumi omwe akuyembekezeka kugwa mwamtendere mzaka ziwiri zikubwerazi ndi Zambia, Haiti, Argentina, Chad, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nepal, Burundi, Georgia, Liberia ndi Qatar.
Ziwawa zapadziko lonse lapansi zidakhudza chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi ndi US $ 9.8 thililiyoni kapena 11.3% ya GDP mchaka chatha, chiwonjezeko cha US $ 179 biliyoni YOY, kudzera pakuwongolera ndalama zomwe China idawononga pankhondo komanso kuchuluka kwa mikangano yamkati.
Syria ikuchotsa Afghanistan ngati dziko lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi pomwe Iceland ikukhalabe dziko lamtendere kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Georgia idawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwamtendere, pomwe South Sudan idatsika kwambiri ndipo tsopano ili ngati dziko lachitatu lamtendere
