Mtendere pakati pa Israeli ndi Palestina? Kukambirana sitepe yotsatira…

Netanyahu_ndi_Abbas
Netanyahu_ndi_Abbas
Avatar ya Media Line
Written by Media Line

Anthu aku Palestine akuphedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi omwe amayang'anira kuteteza Israeli. Ana ambiri anali m'gulu la akufa. Poyang'ana zithunzi ndi makanema omwe amafalitsidwa pa intaneti, ndikuyang'ana malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, zikuwoneka kuti anthu aku Palestine akukhala mu ghetto mpaka kuchifundo cha wolamulira, State of Israel. Pamene anthu alibe kanthu kutaya kuthekera kwa kuphulika ndi mkulu kwambiri.

Ntchito zokopa alendo zinathandiza pang'ono kuti mbali zonse zigwirizane pazochitika, koma makampaniwa sangathe, ndithudi, kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali nawo.

Lipoti laposachedwa ndi Jerusalem ndi Washington yochokera Zamkati ikuwonetsa malingaliro ena pamene otsogolera oganiza bwino akukambirana za mkangano waposachedwa wa Israeli-Palestine ndi zomwe zingatsatire pakukhazikitsa mtendere. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa chithunzi cha Purezidenti wa State of Palestine ndi Palestine National Authority Mahmoud Abbas, ndi Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, Prime Minister wapano wa Israeli kuyambira 2009, m'mbuyomu akugwira ntchito kuyambira 1996 mpaka 1999.

Nthawi ndi nthawi akatswiri amafunsidwa kuti ajambule mafotokozedwe a mkangano womwe umawoneka wosatheka komanso wosatheka. Ma Palestine ndi Israeli tsopano akhala akukangana kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti mkanganowo ungakhale unali wosavuta kuumvetsetsa m’mbuyomo—nkhani zake zazikulu, malingaliro a mbali iriyonse, zopinga zazikulu za mtendere—owona ena akukhulupirira kuti tsopano wakutidwa ndi mtambo wachisokonezo, umene ungasonyeze chisokonezo chachikulu. Zeitgeist wa angst ndi kusatsimikizika.

Sari Nusseibeh, woganiza bwino wa ku Palestine komanso Purezidenti wakale wa Yunivesite ya Al-Quds, adauza The Media Line kuti m'mbuyomu mkanganowu umawoneka wosavuta kumvetsetsa.

“Panali njira yomwe anthu ankaganiza kuti alimo ndipo mwina inawapangitsa kuganiza kuti atha kuona mapeto ake. Koma palibe njira pano, makamaka njira yokhazikika, chifukwa chake sungadziwe komwe tikulowera," adatero.

Pankhani ya mayankho omwe angathe, Nusseibeh adalongosola, pali zotheka zambiri zoganiziridwa, kuchokera ku bungwe la mabungwe odziyimira pawokha a Palestine; pakupanga mgwirizano wa Palestine ndi Egypt kapena Yordani; ku mayiko awiri kapena ngakhale mayiko angapo.

Mosasamala kanthu za zochitika zomwe zingawonekere, "tikhoza kutenga zotsatirazi monga chitsogozo kapena mfundo: Tili pamodzi," anatsindika motero. "Pali Ayuda a Israeli opitilira 800,000 kutsidya lina la [malire a 1967 ku West Bank], ndi anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni a Palestine kutsidya lina omwe ndi nzika za Israeli. Ngakhale mutayang'ana, Israelis ndi Palestinians ayenera kukhala ogwirizana.

“Pakadali pano,” iye anapitiriza motero, “sakuphatikizana m’njira yabwino monga mbali imodzi—mbali ya Palestina—ikuyang’anizana ndi mkhalidwe wosalungama ndi wosalinganizika. Koma anthu kumbali zonse ziwiri, osati maboma, amafuna kuti pakhale mtendere ndi bata. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chidzakhudza momwe tsogolo lidzachitikire. "

Atafunsidwa za udindo wa Purezidenti wa United States a Donald Trump, Nusseibeh adanena kuti anthu aku Palestine amamuwona "ndi mantha chifukwa sakuwoneka kuti akuchita zinthu zomwe anthu amaganiza kuti ndi purezidenti." Pachifukwa ichi, olamulira a US adatenga zisankho zolimba mtima zomwe zidakankhira nkhani ziwiri "zabodza" patsogolo pamalingaliro a anthu, zomwe ndi udindo wa Yerusalemu ndi othawa kwawo aku Palestina.

"Tsopano ngati kuwakankhira kutsogolo kungathandize kuwathetsa kapena ayi, ndiye kuti tidziwe," adamaliza.

Micah Goodman, wolemba mabuku ogulitsa kwambiri ku Israeli Gwiritsani 67—limene lidzasindikizidwa m’Chingelezi mu Seputembala — lidauza The Media Line kuti anthu ambiri mbali zonse ndi okhumudwa.

"M'dera la Palestine, pali lingaliro lamphamvu kuti ma paradigms awiriwa alephera. Malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito chiwawa adagwa, komanso malingaliro a [Pulezidenti wa Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas] osachita zachiwawa komanso kukakamizidwa kwa mayiko onse sikunagwire ntchito kwa Palestina.

“Aisrayeli nawonso asokonezeka,” anatero Goodman. "Ambiri aiwo amakhulupirira kuti ngati tikhala ku West Bank, tikuyika tsogolo lathu pachiwopsezo, ndipo ngati tichoka ku West Bank, tikuyikanso tsogolo lathu pachiwopsezo."

Kutaya chikhulupiriro kumeneku, iye anafotokoza, kumapereka mpata woti tiyambe kumvetserana wina ndi mnzake. Kumbali ya Israeli, ndi mwayi woti Kumanja ndi Kumanzere kusinthanitsa malingaliro ndikuyamba kukonzanso zokambirana.

"Koma izi sizikuchitika," adatero Goodman. "Zomwe zachitika ndikuti kukambirana kwatsopano kukuchitika panjira yatsopano, yomwe ndi intaneti." Pofotokoza za malingaliro a Marshall McLuhan, pulofesa wa ku Canada yemwe adafufuza ntchito ya zofalitsa mu chikhalidwe chamakono, adalongosola kuti tili ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha momwe mauthenga ndi mauthenga a pa intaneti amagwirira ntchito, vuto lomwe likukulirakulira m'malo otsutsana.

"Silinso uthenga womwe umapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osalowerera ndale, monga momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. M'malo mwake, ndi 'njira yomwe imaumba uthenga.' Tengani, mwachitsanzo, positi pa Facebook yomwe ili yosawerengeka ndipo imaganizira zosungitsa ndi zotsutsana. Izo sizifika patali chotero. Koma tengerani lingaliro lomwelo, chotsani mikanganoyo ndi kuichotsa mwapang’onopang’ono, onjezerani zikhulupiriro zokhazokha, ndipo yambani ndi chokumana nacho chaumwini ndikuchithetsa ndi kuwukira kwaumwini. Post imeneyo ichita bwino kwambiri.

"Ndipo chifukwa chake," adatero Goodman, "mungayembekezere kuti chifukwa malingaliro akale a mkanganowo akutha, pali mwayi wokambirana kwatsopano, koma zokambiranazo zikuthanso pamasamba ochezera." Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, m’malo mwa “nkhondo yamalingaliro” imene onse aŵiri Kumanja ndi Kumanzere kwa Israeli amalingalira ndi kusanthula malingaliro a mbali ina, chitaganya chasanduka “nkhondo ya mafuko.”

"Sitigwiritsanso ntchito ndale pofotokoza mfundo," adatsindika. "M'malo mwake, timagwiritsa ntchito ndale kufotokoza zomwe tili - ndi ndale za anthu."

Chifukwa chake, tingakhale anzeru kugogomezeranso malingaliro pakatikati pa mkanganowo.

Posachedwapa, Komiti Yachiyuda ya ku America, imodzi mwamabungwe akale kwambiri omenyera ufulu wachiyuda, idachita msonkhano ku Yerusalemu, womwe udaphatikizapo gulu lotchedwa, "Zaka Makumi Awiri ndi Zisanu Chiyambireni Oslo: Ndi Chiyani Chotsatira pa Njira Yamtendere?"

Okonza ake ananena kuti Mgwirizano wa Oslo wa 1993 unakulitsa ziyembekezo za “njira yapam’pang’ono ya mtendere.” Mgwirizanowu udathetsedwa ndi mwambo womwe unachitikira ku White House. Mtsogoleri wakale wa Palestina Yassir Arafat komanso nduna yayikulu ya Israeli Yitzhak Rabin adagwirana chanza, pomwe Purezidenti wakale wa US Bill Clinton adayang'ana. Komabe, zomwe zachitika, "zakhala mndandanda wokhumudwitsa kwambiri wa zokambirana zomwe zidalephera, ziwopsezo zachiwopsezo, malankhulidwe owopsa, uchigawenga ndi ziwawa," malinga ndi a Goodman. “Kuyambira pamenepo, mtendere sunapezekebe.”

Kuti amvetse chifukwa chomwe ndondomeko ya Oslo sinakwaniritsire lonjezo lake ndikufufuza momwe zokambirana zamtendere zingatsitsimutsire, msonkhanowu udasonkhanitsa akazembe apadziko lonse omwe adachita nawo zokambirana zam'mbuyomu.

Tal Becker, mlangizi wazamalamulo ku Unduna wa Zachilendo ku Israeli, adalankhula mozama za psychology yomwe idayambitsa kulephera komweku.

"Sikuchuluka kwa momwe mumapangira kusintha, koma momwe mumasinthiranso chikhulupiriro chakuti kusintha kungasinthe, popeza magulu onse awiri akuwoneka kuti ali otsimikiza kuti mkanganowu ndi gawo lachikhalire."

Iye anafotokoza kuti ponena za njira zothetsera mavuto pali zovomerezeka zambiri zomwe zingatheke komanso zosinthika, zambiri zomwe zatha kale. Chofunikira tsopano ndikukhudza zakuya.

"Mukayang'ana malingaliro amalingaliro amtundu uliwonse, ndiye kuti mumakhala ndi zovuta zosiyana." Mwachitsanzo, Becker anasankha, malinga ndi maganizo a Palestina, "sizikuwoneka kuti n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, nthawi ndi ndalama ku Israeli ndikunena kuti mukufuna kupanga mgwirizano ndi Israeli. Anthu akuwona ngati sikusuntha koyenera komanso kowona kwa Palestine. Kumbali ya Israeli, ngati kutanganidwa kwathu ndi malingaliro athu ndikuti kuvomerezeka kwathu sikuvomerezeka kumbali ina, ndiye tingatani kuti tipatse mphamvu zambiri ndi mwayi kwa iwo omwe timawaona kuti akukana kuvomerezeka kwathu? "

Chovuta, ndiye, ndikukankhira magulu onse awiri kuti adziwe momwe zimakhalira kukhala Myuda wa Israeli kapena Mpalestina. "Izi zimathandiza kuti malo achipambano ndi ubwino wa mbali ina kukhala nkhani yabwino kwa inunso, osati udindo," anamaliza Becker.

Ena omwe adatenga nawo gawo adaphatikizapo Nickolay Mladenov, Wogwirizanitsa Wapadera wa United Nations wa Middle East Peace Process; Fernando Gentilini, Woimira Wapadera wa European Union ku Middle East Peace Process; ndi Dennis Ross, mnzake wodziwika ku Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

Iwo anakhudza mitu ingapo, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko ya kusintha kwapafupi mu Ulamuliro wa Palestine pamene Abbas akukula; Kuyanjana kwa Israeli pazokonda ndi mayiko achiarabu a Sunni monga cholepheretsa zolinga za Iran m'derali; komanso kufunitsitsa kwa Purezidenti Trump kukhazikitsa mfundo zofika patali.

Ross, yemwenso anali wogwirizanitsa ntchito zapadera za ku United States ku Middle East motsogozedwa ndi Clinton, ananena kuti “vuto limodzi la America ndi kubwezeretsanso malingaliro otheka.”

Pali kusakhulupirira kwakukulu kumbali zonse ziwiri, Ross adanenanso, popeza palibe mbali iliyonse yomwe imakhulupirira kuti mayiko awiri ali ndi zotsatira. “Komabe lingaliro la zigawo ziŵiri kwa anthu aŵiri nthaŵi zonse lakhala lokhalo lomveka; boma limodzi la anthu aŵiri ndilo lamulo la mkangano wokhalitsa.”

Onse a Ross ndi Mladenov adanena kuti chidwi chiyenera kuyang'ana pa kusintha zenizeni ku Gaza Strip. "Sitingakhale ndi nthawi yomwe magetsi amakhala maola anayi patsiku, 96 peresenti ya madzi akumwa sangamwe, ndipo zimbudzi zosatsukidwa zimaloledwa kulowa m'nyanja ya Mediterranean.

“Pamene anthu alibe chotaya,” Ross anawonjezera motero, “kuthekera kwa kuphulika kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.” Potengera malingaliro amenewo, Mladenov adatsindika kuti "kupewa nkhondo ina ku Gaza kumatanthauza kuchitapo kanthu lero, isanaphulike."

Akazembe onsewa adagwirizana kuti pothana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ku Gaza, nkhani ya dongosolo lamtendere ikhoza kuwonekera.

Source: www.chilemoclinico

Ponena za wolemba

Avatar ya Media Line

Media Line

Gawani ku...