Kusaka zikho ku Botswana kunagwira njovu 385

Pafupifupi njovu 385 zidabedwa chaka chatha, komabe boma la Botswana lakhazikitsa chiwerengero cha njovu 400 pachaka kuphedwa ndi osaka zikho ndipo akufuna kusintha mndandanda wa CITES wa njovu za ku Africa kuti alole malonda a minyanga ya njovu.

"Pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa nyamakazi, zomwe timavomereza", adatero Kitso Mokaila (Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism) m'mafunso atsopano a CNN. Komabe, boma likuwoneka kuti silikuvomereza mokwanira za ngozi zakupha zomwe Botswana ikukumana nazo kapena kuti kusaka zikopa kudzakulitsa izi.

Umboni wa chiwonjezeko pafupifupi 600% cha mitembo ya njovu yatsopano, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kwambiri mu 2017-18, ikuwonetsedwa mu pepala lowunikiridwa ndi anzawo "Umboni Wa Vuto Lowerera Njovu Likukula Ku Botswana”, lofalitsidwa mu Current Biology magazine.

Mitembo yambiri ya njovu ya anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti adaphedwa mwachisawawa yomwe idapezeka pa kafukufuku wapamlengalenga wa 2018, idatsimikiziridwa pansi ndi Dr Mike Chase ndi gulu lawo la Elephants Without Borders (EWB) ndipo zonse zidawonetsa zizindikiro zowopsa zakupha. Zigaza zawo zimadulidwa ndi nkhwangwa kuti zichotse nyangazo ndipo matupi awo odulidwa amakutidwa ndi nthambi kuti abise umboniwo. Njovu zina mpaka anadulidwa misana kuti zisamayendetse nyama zomwe mwachionekere zinali zidakali ndi moyo pamene opha nyamazi ankachotsa minyanga yawo.

Magulu opha nyama omwe adapezeka ndi EWB pa kafukufuku wawo wam'mlengalenga ndiwodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Chase (Woyambitsa ndi Mtsogoleri - EWB) adati "umboni womwe uli mu pepalali ndi wosatsutsika ndipo ukugwirizana ndi chenjezo lathu loti ng'ombe za njovu zikuphedwa ndi zigawenga zakupha ku Botswana; tiyenera kuwaletsa iwo asanakhale olimba mtima.

Njovu iliyonse yomwe yapezeka ndi Chase ndi gulu lake inali ng'ombe yokhwima yazaka zapakati pa 30-60 yokhala ndi minyanga ikuluikulu yamtengo wapatali ya madola masauzande ambiri pamsika wakuda.

Opha nyama popanda chilolezo komanso osaka ziwonetsero amakonda kwambiri njovu zazikulu komanso zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi nyanga zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ng'ombe zazaka zopitilira 35. Ng'ombe izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa ana chikhalidwe cha anthu a njovu, kwa chithunzi cha safari industry komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwamakampani osaka zikhodzokha.

Komabe, kodi chiwerengero cha njovu 400 chosaka njovu, chomwe chikuwonjezereka ndi pafupifupi ng’ombe zopha njovu zambiri, n’chosatha?

Chiwerengero chonse cha ng'ombe zokhwima ku Botswana ndi pafupifupi 20,600, malinga ndi Kafukufuku wapamlengalenga wa EWB 2018. Zoposa zonse, 6,000 mwa izo ndi ng'ombe zamphongo zaka zoposa 35.

Purezidenti Mokgweetsi Masisi akadzatsegula nyengo yosaka zikho, dziko la Botswana likhoza kutaya ng'ombe 785 pakusaka zikho komanso kupha nyama. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, 13% ya ng'ombe zokhwima ndipo makamaka zogonana zidzachotsedwa pa chiwerengero cha njovu pachaka.

Alenje amakhulupiliranso kuti 0.35% ya anthu onse, kapena pafupifupi 7% ya ng'ombe zokhwima, ndizomwe zimatha "kuchotsa" popanda kutaya kukula kwake komwe kumafunikira. Komabe, izi sizikutengeranso "kuchoka" chifukwa chakupha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu mdziko la Botswana chikhale chokhazikika.

Ngakhale kupha njovu sikungachuluke, zingangotenga zaka 7-8 kuti njovu zonse zokhwima zitheretu, zomwe mwachionekere sizikutha.

Othandizira osakasaka adzatsutsa mwachangu kuti kupha nyama kukuchitika chifukwa zilolezo zakusaka zidasiyidwa. Komabe, kusaka nyama ku Botswana kudangoyamba kuchuluka kwakanthawi mu 2017, zaka zitatu zathunthu pambuyo poletsa kusaka.

Kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu kudzachedwetsa chiwonongeko chimenechi, koma m’madera amene kusaka ndi kupha nyama za nyama zakutchire kukuchitika, chiŵerengero cha ng’ombe zokhwima chidzachepa kwambiri, zimene zidzakhudza mmene njovuzo zimakhalira.

Dr Michelle Henley (Mtsogoleri, Co-founder ndi Principal Researcher - Elephants Alive) akuti "ng'ombe zazikulu zimakhala ndi chipambano chapamwamba cha abambo, zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano wamagulu, zimagwira ntchito ngati alangizi m'magulu a bachelor, ndi kupondereza ng'ombe zazing'ono".

Zotsirizirazi ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kusakhalapo kwa ng'ombe zazikulu kumatanthauza kuti ana akhanda amabwera mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Chiwawachi chikhoza kuyambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa Mkangano wa Anthu ndi Njovu, nkhani yomwe boma la Botswana likuyembekeza kuchepetsa poyambitsanso kusaka zikho.

Kusankha kwa nthawi yayitali kwa njovu zazikulu kumakhudzanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njovu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi nyanga zing'onozing'ono. ngakhale njovu zopanda mano. Kusintha kumeneku kwa majini sikumangokhudza kupulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa njovuzi, komanso kumakhala ndi zotsatira zachindunji pakukhazikika kwa makampani osaka zitofu okha.

Kuphedwa kosaloledwa kwa njovu chifukwa cha minyanga yawo kwafika pamlingo wosakhazikika ku Africa konse, komwe chiŵerengero cha njovu zomwe zinaphedwa mosaloledwa tsopano chikuposa kubalana kwachibadwa. Akuti njovu imodzi imaphedwa mphindi 30 zilizonse.

Ngakhale kuti njovu zaphedwa kwa nthawi ndithu m’madera ambiri a mu Afirika, chiwerengero cha njovu ku Botswana chakhala chokhazikika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010 ndi njovu zathanzi pafupifupi 126,000.

Chase adati, "Ndili ndi chikhulupiriro kuti onse okhudzidwa atha kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kuti achepetse kupha nyama. Pamapeto pake, dziko la Botswana lidzaweruzidwa osati chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto lopha nyama popanda chilolezo, koma chifukwa cha momwe likuthana nalo. ”

SOURCE: Conservation Action Trust