Malo Amtundu Woyendetsedwa ndi Federally ku Pakistan: Kukhumudwa ndi Tourism

by Mati, DND

Pakistan idadabwitsa dziko lonse lapansi popambana nkhondo yayikulu yolimbana ndi uchigawenga munthawi yochepa komanso popanda thandizo lakunja, chifukwa dziko lonselo lidayimirira limodzi ndipo gulu lankhondo lotsogozedwa ndi gulu lankhondo la Pakistan lidabweza kalata ya Boma kumakona onse adziko kuphatikiza wakale Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) ndikusintha bwino dera lamavutoli kukhala dziko lamwayi lomwe limapereka kukongola kowoneka bwino, gulu lochereza alendo, komanso kulumikizana bwino kwambiri pamisewu. Madera omwe kale anali a FATA tsopano akuchulukana kwambiri ndi makampani okopa alendo ndipo zigwa za dziko lino zikulandira alendo zikwizikwi ochokera kumadera onse a Pakistan ndipo ngakhale kuchokera kunja.

Malinga ndi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi DND News Agency, m'gawo la zokopa alendo, zigwa zomwe kale zinali FATA zikukhala zosankha zofunika kwa alendo apaulendo, onyamula m'mbuyo, ndi oyendera alendo.

Dziko

“Makhalidwe ake, monga zovala zake, ndi zokongola komanso zokongola. Amakonda kumenya nkhondo koma amadana ndi kukhala msilikali. Amakonda nyimbo koma amadana kwambiri ndi woimbayo. Iye ndi wachifundo komanso wodekha koma amadana ndi kusonyeza zimenezo. Ali ndi mfundo zachilendo ndi malingaliro achilendo. Ndi wamagazi otentha, wamutu wotentha, wosauka komanso wonyada, "- Khan Abdul Ghani Khan, Wolemba ndakatulo wodziwika bwino wa Pashto ndi Philosopher (1914 - 1996)

“Mafuko akumenyana ndi fuko. Dzanja la munthu aliyense limatsutsana ndi linzake ndipo onse amatsutsana ndi mlendo ... mkhalidwe waphokoso kosalekeza wabweretsa chizolowezi chamalingaliro chomwe chimapangitsa moyo kukhala wotchipa ndikuyamba kumenya nkhondo mosasamala." - Winston Churchill, "Nkhani ya Malakand Field Force" (1897)

Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pakistan, yomwe kale inali FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Area) - yomwe tsopano yophatikizidwa ndi chigawo cha Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - ndi dera lamapiri kumalire ndi Afghanistan. M'mbuyomu, FATA pamodzi ndi kum'mawa kwa Afghanistan adakhalabe malo omenyera nkhondo komanso malo ochitira masewera akuluakulu pakati pa maulamuliro akulu kuyambira ku Alexander the Great kupita kwa adani ochokera ku Central Asia. Icho chinakhalabe chidendene cha Achilles kwa ankhondo onse.

Masiku ano, derali linathandiza kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zapadziko lonse ndiponso zachigawo; kuchokera ku Russia - mpikisano waku Britain m'zaka za zana la 19, kupita ku Soviet ku Afghanistan m'zaka za m'ma 80, mpaka lero pamene US pamodzi ndi okhudzidwa ndi dera akufunafuna mtendere ku Afghanistan, FATA yakhala linchpin ya masewero amphamvu padziko lonse.

Posachedwapa gulu lankhondo la Soviet Union litachoka ku Afghanistan (pamene FATA idakhala maziko omenyera nkhondo ku Afghanistan), FATA ndi Afghanistan zidasiyidwa ngati madera osalamulirika komanso opanda ufulu kwa onse.

Kubadwa kwa a Taliban, komwe kunadzaza malo opanda mphamvu ku Afghanistan koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 90, ndikukwera kwawo pampando, adawona FATA ikukhala chisa cha zovala za Jihadi monga Al Qaeda ndi Taliban. Ngakhale Pakistan idayesetsa kuthana ndi mikangano ku Afghanistan, FATA idakhalabe malo opitilira magulu a Jihadi komwe adakhazikitsa boma losagwirizana.

Chifukwa chiyani Afghanistan ili yofunika kwambiri ku Pakistan? Pokhala ndi othawa kwawo aku Afghanistan pafupifupi 5 miliyoni ku Pakistan panthawi yaulamuliro wa Soviet mpaka 1.6 miliyoni pakadali pano, adakwera pamndandanda wa othawa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi. Pakistan idatsalira ndipo ndiyomwe imaperekera zakudya zofunikira komanso zofunikira ku Afghanistan. Malonda opita ku Afghanistan ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ikupezeka ku Afghanistan; Karachi imagwira ntchito ngati njira yayikulu yopangira malonda ndi malonda.

Pakistan idalowa nawo nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yolimbana ndi uchigawenga muzochitika za 9/11 ndipo idakhala malo omenyera nkhondo imodzi mwankhondo zowopsa komanso zazitali kwambiri m'mbiri. Ngakhale kuti Pakistan idakhala dziko lakutsogolo pankhondoyi ndikuthandiza mayiko padziko lonse lapansi kuti athetse zigawenga m'derali, adapezeka kuti ali pankhondo yosakanizidwa ndi mdani wopanda nkhope komanso wosawoneka bwino wothandizidwa ndi mabungwe ankhanza ndi omwe adawathandizira ku Pakistan.

Ngakhale kuti dziko lonse la Pakistan (kuphatikiza mizinda ikuluikulu) idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zigawenga zosalekeza, pomwe FATA idakhala malo omenyera nkhondo okakamiza anthu ambiri othawa kwawo, kuvulala kwa amuna ndi zinthu, ndikupanga kupwetekedwa mtima pagulu la anthu onse. Panthawiyi, adani a Pakistani, makamaka India, adayambitsa nkhondo yachidziwitso chapamwamba, ndi cholinga chopangitsa kuti anthu a ku Pakistan asakhale ndi chiyembekezo komanso okhumudwa.

Pakistan idayima molimba komanso kudzera m'mbiri yakale yodzipereka komanso kulimba mtima (komwe anthu adalumikizana phewa ndi Asilikali ndi ma LEAs) ndikuyamba kubweza mliri wachiwembu, njerwa ndi njerwa.

FATA, nkhani ya nsembe yolembedwa ndi magazi oyera

Kupyolera m'dera lachinyengo lodzala ndi zigawenga zowopsa komanso nkhondo yachiwembu, FATA inali ndi vuto lapadera. Imadutsa malire ndi Afghanistan kudutsa malire apakati ndi mafuko ogawanika omwe amakhala m'malire a Pak-Afghan, ndipo midzi ndi nyumba zidagawika ndi Durand Line. Zovuta zazikulu zogwirira ntchito mu FATA ndi izi:

- Kugwirizana kwa ntchito pakati pa gulu lankhondo la Pak ndi mgwirizano wotsogozedwa ndi US pomwe zigawenga zimazembera mbali ina kupita kwina.

- Kuwongolera zoopsa komanso kukhudzidwa kwamaganizidwe ndi kumenyedwa kwa ma drone, kuwonongeka kwachuma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zolemera (zankhondo ndi zida zamlengalenga), ndikutsimikizirabe anthu aku FATA, KP, ndi Pakistan yonse kuti izi zinali zabwino. a anthu okhudzidwa.

- Kuchita ndi mabungwe ankhanza ngati RAW, omwe amafuna kuti Durand Line ikhale bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma proxies awo ku Afghanistan, Balochistan, ndi m'matawuni aku Pakistan kuti awononge LEAs.

- Kusunga njira zoyankhulirana zotseguka ku Balochistan ndi FATA kuti athandize asitikali aku US/NATO kulimbikitsa nkhondo ku Afghanistan.

- Kasamalidwe ka kusamutsidwa mkati ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu omwe ali m'madera okhudzidwa m'malo osakhalitsa, kuphatikizapo kusamalira zosowa zawo (thanzi, zachuma, maphunziro, ndi moyo).

- Kuchita zankhondo m'malo ankhanza komanso achinyengo.

- Kupulumutsa mphamvu kuchokera kumalire a kum'mawa (ndi India akuyesera kuti apange zochitika ziwiri kutsogolo), kukweza mphamvu zowonjezera, kukonzanso dongosolo lathunthu la maphunziro kuchokera kumayendedwe ochiritsira mpaka osagwirizana, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zamagulu achiwiri ndi LEAs, ndikuchita ntchito. kuchotsa bungwe lililonse, limodzi ndi limodzi.

- Kukhazikitsa njira zamabungwe monga NACTA, ndi zina zotero, kudzera mu kuvomereza a Nyumba ya Malamulo ndikukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano.

- Kusintha gulu lokonda kusamala komanso malingaliro achipembedzo kuti adziwitse anthu onse kuti nkhondoyi sinali ya wina aliyense koma kupulumuka kwa Pakistan.

Zochita za Asilikali ndi Boma mothandizidwa ndi anthu

Panthawi yomwe dziko ndi dziko la Pakistan zidadutsa muzovuta zomwe tafotokozazi (2003-2014), Pakistan inali itataya mabiliyoni a madola pazachuma komanso kuvulala kwakukulu. Tsoka la APS mu 2014 lidakhala Pearl Harbor ku Pakistan - zigawenga zowopsa za ana osalakwa komanso aphunzitsi komanso zochitika zamakalasi odzaza magazi zidagwedeza dziko lonse. Atsogoleri apamwamba ankhondo andale adatsimikiza kuti zinali zokwanira, ndipo Pakistan idayenera kulimbana ndi achigawenga omwe amathandizira ndi omwe adalowa.

Asilikali ndi ma LEAs, mothandizidwa ndi anthu aku Pakistan, adayambitsa ntchito Zarb-e-Azb. Izi zisanachitike, ntchito zazikulu monga Rah-e-Haq, Rah-e-Raast, Rah-e-Nijjat, ndi Khyber, ndi zina zotero, zidayambitsidwa kuti zithetse zigawenga zochokera ku mabungwe akuluakulu a 2 - North ndi South Waziristan.

Pofika nthawi yomwe ntchito ya Radd-ul-Fassad (yophatikizira kuchotsa zigawenga zomaliza ku Pakistani) idakhazikitsidwa mu 2017 motsogozedwa ndi COAS General Qamar Bajwa, Pakistan idakumana ndi zovulala zotsatirazi ngati mtengo waukulu wopambana motsutsana ndi uchigawenga. :

Ovulala Wamba - 50,000 kuphatikiza

(ovulala pang'ono)

LEAs ndi Asitikali - 5,900

Kuwonongeka Kwachuma - Kupitilira madola mabiliyoni a 200 (kuphatikiza 130 biliyoni pamitengo yachindunji ndi 80 biliyoni mwachindunji)

Kubwezeretsa:

Zida - 19.7 miliyoni zipolopolo

Zida Zing'onozing'ono - 191,498

Ma IED - 13,480

Zida Zolemera - 8,915

Zophulika - 3,142 matani

Pomwe Pakistan idawonongeka kwambiri mwa amuna ndi zinthu, zigawenga masauzande ambiri zidaphedwa kapena kugwidwa, mamiliyoni a madola a ndalama zakunja adabwezedwa, ndipo bizinesi yawo yopanga IED ndi mafakitale zidathetsedwa. Ndi mpanda wa malire a Pak-Afghan, kuyenda kudutsa malire kwa zigawenga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi ozembetsa kwatsika mpaka pafupifupi 5% ya zomwe zinali kuchitika m'mbuyomu. Chiyerekezo cha mitengo ya zigawenga ndi:

Anaphedwa - 15,000 kuphatikiza

Analandidwa - 5,000 kuphatikiza

Ponseponse, mipanda yokonzedwa m'malire a Pak-Afghan pamtunda wa makilomita 2,611 iyenera kumalizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020. Mpaka pano, makilomita 643 a mipanda pamalire, kuphatikizapo makilomita 462 ku KP ndi makilomita 181 ku Balochistan, atsirizidwa. Malo okwana 843 amalire akukonzekera, mwa iwo 233 atsirizidwa, pamene ntchito yomanga 140 ikuchitika. Chifukwa chakusintha kwachitetezo, kuchuluka kwa macheke kumadera akumbuyo kwachepetsedwa ndi 31% mkati mwa 2016-2018 zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito zamalonda ndi zokopa alendo zichuluke.

Misewu yoposa makilomita 800 yamangidwa m’maboma a mafuko monga njira yolumikizirana, motero kuchepetsa nthaŵi yoyendayenda kufika pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu alionse. Ntchito zokwana 493 zinayambika zopindulitsa anthu 3 miliyoni kuphatikizapo: Pine Nut Processing Plant, Wana Agri Park, Wana Education Center, ndi 3 functional Cadet Colleges. Zopereka zazikulu zikuphatikizapo APS Parachinar, Cadet College Wana, ndi Government College of Technology, Khar (Bajaur), pamene ntchito zonse za 42 zaumoyo zinayambika kuphatikizapo zipatala zazikulu za 5 zomwe zinapanga Ntchito 5,384, zomwe zimapindulitsa anthu 1.3 miliyoni.

Kupambana mitima ndi malingaliro

Monga gawo la njira zankhondo komanso makamaka pambuyo pa kuukira kwa APS, kuyendetsa kwakukulu kunayambika kuti apambane mitima ndi maganizo a anthu. Izi zinaphatikizapo:

- Kukhazikitsanso anthu omwe adasamutsidwa kwawo kubwerera kumadera oyeretsedwa. Mwa anthu 3.68 miliyoni omwe athawa kwawo, 95% asinthidwa.

- Kupititsa patsogolo zomangamanga kuphatikizapo njira zoyankhulirana (misewu, milatho, telecom, etc.).

- Kumanganso matauni ndi midzi yomwe yakhudzidwa kuphatikizapo nyumba ndi misika.

- Kumanga dongosolo lonse la chikhalidwe cha anthu kuphatikiza masukulu, makoleji a cadet, zipatala, ma dispensary, njira zoperekera madzi, malo osamalira anthu, ndi mizikiti.

- Kampeni yoyang'anira malingaliro kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe anthu othawa kwawo, makamaka omwe adataya okondedwa awo. Izi zidaphatikizanso kampeni yotsutsa zabodza yotsutsa nkhani za opanga chipwirikiti ndi olosera za tsiku la doomsday.

- Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo magulu okhumudwa omwe ankafuna kubwerera ku moyo wamba, gulu lathunthu la zigawenga zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri amisala komanso akatswiri achipembedzo, zinakhazikitsidwa m'madera okhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Mtendere ndi chikhalidwe mu FATA

Nzeru zokulirapo za Pashtun zakula pamene anthu akukana mawu ofotokoza za mafuko ang’onoang’ono omwe akuperekedwa ndi thandizo kuchokera kunja ndipo akusonyeza kutsimikiza mtima kuima ndi Boma panjira ya mtendere, chitukuko, ndi chiyembekezo. Ndi chisomo cha Allah Wamphamvuyonse komanso kulimbana kwanthawi yayitali ndi Pak Army/LEAs mothandizidwa ndi anthu olimba mtima, FATA yabwerera ku chikhalidwe chake ndipo ikukhala likulu lazachuma komanso zokopa alendo. FATA yawonanso kuti masewera akuyamba kuyenda bwino, ndipo anthu olimba mtima akuthandizira masewerawa m'mayiko ndi mayiko.

Ntchito zachitukuko mu maphunziro, zaumoyo, ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi izi:

- Masukulu 336 abwezeretsedwa ndikumangidwa

- Ophunzira a 2,500 omwe akuphunzira m'makoleji a cadet

- Zipatala 37 zidamangidwa

- Mabizinesi 70 atsopano ndi mashopu 3,000

- Paki yoyamba ya agri ku Pakistan ku Wana

Kuphatikiza kwa FATA monga gawo la KP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

Chotsatira chachikulu cha nkhondo yayitaliyi chakhala kulowetsedwa kwa FATA mu ndale za dziko. Lingaliro lanthawi yayitali la atsogoleri apamwamba andale ndi asitikali adatsegula njira yophatikizira gulu la FATA mu KP, ndipo ngakhale akukana owononga, zidachitika monga momwe adakonzera:

- Mabungwe a FATA akhala zigawo zokhazikika, ndipo zolemba za Boma mu mawonekedwe a utsogoleri ndi malamulo akhazikitsidwa. Prime Minister Imran Khan ndi COAS General Bajwa afotokoza mobwerezabwereza kutsimikiza mtima kwawo kwa FATA yakale. Asilikali apereka gawo lawo la Rs 100 biliyoni pantchito zachitukuko ku FATA ndi Balochistan.

- Muzochitika zomwe sizinachitikepo, Boma la KP mothandizana ndi Center, lagawa Rs 162 biliyoni m'maboma ophatikizidwa mu bajeti ya 2019-20 ndi ndalama zachitukuko zokwana Rs 100 biliyoni. Ma Rs 5 biliyoni adayikidwa pama projekiti 7 pansi pa Tribal Areas Electric Supply Company (TESCO), Rs 4 biliyoni kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu pa projekiti yamagetsi ya Chapari Charkhel m'boma la Kurram, RS 1 biliyoni pakukhazikitsa ntchito ya Rescue 1122. m'madera akumalire, ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale m'chaka chino. Zoposa Rs1 biliyoni zasungidwa ku Insaf Rozgar Scheme m'derali.

- Boma lawonjezeranso Khadi la Sehat Insaf (Rs 750,000 pabanja) kwa mabanja onse a FATA yakale. Misewu yambiri, kuyang'ana madamu kuti apewe kusefukira kwa madzi, kupititsa patsogolo zokopa alendo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera ang'onoang'ono a mafakitale (Bajaur ndi Mohmand Districts), malo ophunzirira m'maboma onse kuphatikizapo koleji yachipatala ku Kurram, malo ochitira masewera, ndi dzuwa la mizikiti ndi zitsime za chubu. kufalikira m'maboma ophatikizana.

- Maboma a FATA apanga njira yabwino yazaumoyo ndi chitukuko. Ngakhale zina zokhumudwitsa zandale monga PTM, FATA yadutsa Rubicon ya kusakhazikika kosatha ndi zovuta ndipo idzakhala chizindikiro cha kupambana pa nkhondo yayitali kwambiri yomwe Pakistan inakumana nayo.

- Ulamuliro wa Khothi Lalikulu ndi Khothi Lalikulu la Peshawar uwonjezeredwa kale ku Fata koma kukhazikitsa bwalo lamilandu lomwe limawononga Rs. 14 biliyoni ikutenga nthawi. Boma likufuna kutsiriza zipinda zamilandu kumapeto kwa chaka chino. Ndondomeko ya apolisi yakhazikitsidwa kale m'madera a mafuko omwe akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikizana sikungapindulitse anthu a FATA komanso kulimbitsa dziko.

- Kuphatikizika komweku ndi chitukuko chachikulu m'mbiri ya Pakistan. Pali mwayi waukulu woyembekezera anthu akale a FATA. Malinga ndi zomwe nduna yayikulu idanena, ntchito za m'madipatimenti ambiri a boma la KP zapitilizidwa kumadera amitundu, ndipo njira zina zothandiza zikuchitidwa kuti amalize kuphatikiza.

- Bwanamkubwa Shah Farman wanena kuti ntchito yophatikizana imayenera kudya zaka 5 idachitika m'miyezi isanu yokha. Boma likufuna kupanga zisankho zamabungwe ang'onoang'ono zisankho zamachigawo zikangotha. Zovuta ndizodziwikiratu monga momwe FATA yakale idayendetsedwa pansi pa malamulo apadera komanso Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) kwa zaka 5 ndipo kuzolowera dongosolo latsopanoli kudzatenga nthawi.

Zisankho ku FATA, umboni wa kulimba mtima kwa anthu aku Pakistan

Anthu atsala pang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito mavoti awo kuti asankhe mwachindunji mamembala 16 kuti awayimire mumsonkhano wa KPK. Derali lidzakhalanso ndi amayi 4 osankhidwa mwanjira ina komanso membala 1 wocheperako pamsonkhano wa KPK. Dzikoli lati likufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa mabiliyoni 100 pachaka kwa zaka 10 zikubwerazi mu FATA yakale ndi cholinga chobweretsa derali ndi anthu ake kuti lifanane ndi dziko lonse la Pakistan, potero kuwapatsa ufulu wonse wokhala ndi nzika zina. wa dziko. Zipani zonse zasankha anthu mazanamazana ndipo masiku ano, maboma a FATA ali piringupiringu ndi ndale, misonkhano, ndi kampeni yachisankho.

Tsogolo

Kupambana kwa Pakistan pankhondo yayitali komanso yovuta iyi (kuyambira 2002) idabwera chifukwa chofuna utsogoleri wandale ndi wankhondo, kutsata zolinga, kudzipereka kwa asitikali, ma LEAs, ndi anthu aku Pakistan (makamaka omwe kale anali FATA ndi KP), pamodzi ndi mfundo yakuti Pakistanis ndi dziko lokhazikika. Kupambana kwa Gulu Lankhondo la Pakistani ndi LEAs kwadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazambiri zopambana zankhondo zosakanizidwa zazaka za 21st. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kufunikira kwa Gulu Lankhondo la Pakistani kuti aphunzitse asitikali ena kwawonjezeka, ndipo Pakistan ikuchita udindo wa mlangizi ku Middle East, Africa, ndi South Central Asia. Pakistan ikhoza kupereka ukadaulo wake ndi ntchito zake kumayiko onse momwe angakhalire, kuphunzitsa, ndikumenya nkhondo yodzitchinjiriza polimbana ndi nkhondo zosakanizidwa.

Pakistan yakumana ndi zovuta zambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Pambuyo poyang'anizana ndi masewera olakwa kwa nthawi yonseyi, dziko lonse lapansi likuvomereza ndikuyamikira udindo wa Pakistan chifukwa cha chiyembekezo cha mtendere ku Afghanistan. Utsogoleri wonse wapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku US kupita ku Russia komanso kuchokera ku Arabu kupita ku China, akufunitsitsa kuyimirira limodzi ndi Pakistan. Pakistan yawononga bwino ma proxies omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi adani ake omwe tsopano adzipatula komanso odabwa.

Mtendere ku Afghanistan udzatsegula mwayi wapadera kwa anthu akale a FATA. Ndikofunikira kuti boma likhalebe lolunjika pakupereka chithandizo komanso kuti dzikoli likhale limodzi ndi anthu omwe adasowa omwe kale anali FATA. Momwemonso, zikuyembekezeredwa kuchokera kwa Pastun wamkulu ndi nzeru za fuko kuti asalole mwayi wawukuluwu kutayidwa m'mawu osazama komanso opanda pake a chidani, magawano, ndi mafuko ochepa. Tiyeni tonse titengere mwayi pamodzi kuti tiyende panjira yamtendere, chitukuko, chiyembekezo ndi umodzi ndi nzeru zonse.