Kwa nyama zakuthengo ku Africa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha komanso madera ogwirizana omwe amawateteza, COVID-19 ndi chowopsa, chomwe chimasokoneza kusakhazikika kwa moyo wa anthu komanso zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Akuluakulu aku Africa komanso akatswiri oteteza zachilengedwe ochokera ku Kenya, Uganda ndi Gabon adauza mamembala a Congress pa Meyi 12 za momwe coronavirus ikukulirakulira kumadera otetezedwa a nyama zakuthengo. Uthenga wawo wokulirapo: mfundo zatsopano ziyenera kuganizira zachitetezo cha dziko, komanso kulimbikitsa moyo m'madera omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njira zotsekera. Pokhapokha ngati maboma a ku Africa atha kukhala ndi maukonde olimba a madera osamalira anthu, kuthandizira masauzande ambiri a ntchito zoperekedwa pakusamalira nyama zakuthengo, madera otetezedwa a nyama zakuthengo akukumana ndi njira yovuta yobwereranso. Mantha ndi akuti Coronavirus ku Africa atha kusintha zaka 30 zomwe zapindula pakusamalira, kuphatikiza mapulogalamu osamalira anthu m'maiko angapo.

Ndalama zachikhalidwe ndi chitukuko cha zachuma m'maderawa sizingabwerere m'malo mwake. Sitikudziwabe zotsatira zokhalitsa za Covid 19 pamakampani azokopa alendo ku Africa. Deta yoyambirira ikuwonetsa kusweka kwadongosolo, koma zotsatira zonse za kuletsa kuyenda, kutsekedwa kwa malire ndi kuletsa tchuthi kumadera otetezedwa komanso madera omwe amakhalapo ndi malo amtchire akungoyamba kumira kudera lonse la Africa. Njira zazikulu zopezera ndalama zomwe zimathandizira moyo ndi chuma chokhazikika zidathetsedwa mwadzidzidzi kumapeto kwa Marichi. Palibe ntchito m'madera amenewa yomwe sinawonongeke.

Ku Namibia, malo 86 oteteza zachilengedwe ataya ndalama zokwana $11M kuchokera ku ntchito zokopa alendo ndi malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito zokopa alendo omwe amakhala m'malo osungira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti alonda 700 ammudzi alonda ndi zipembere, 300 ogwira ntchito zoteteza zachilengedwe, komanso ogwira ntchito zokopa alendo 1,175 omwe adalembedwa ntchito m'derali ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakuchotsedwa ntchito. M'mayiko akuluakulu, chiwerengerochi chimakhala chokwera. Ku Kenya, mwachitsanzo, mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe atsala pang'ono kutaya $120M pamalipiro apachaka ndi zotsatira zosawerengeka.

Kuphatikiza pa kutayika kwa ntchito zokopa alendo, njira zotsekera zotsekera m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri zikukulitsa zinthu m'madera ang'onoang'ono akumidzi. Anthu pafupifupi 350 miliyoni ku Africa amagwira ntchito yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi ntchito zamwambo. Kusamvana pakati pa anthu komanso kusowa kwa ntchito kudera lalikululi kwalimbikitsa anthu ambiri okhala mumzinda kuti abwerere kumatauni kwawo. Koma popeza madera akumidzi akukumananso ndi kusowa kwa ntchito komanso kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kwa malipiro, anthu obwerera kwawo amakhala ndi njira zochepa zopezera ndalama, zomwe zimabweretsa mwayi wokopeka kuchita zinthu zosaloledwa monga kupha nyama zakuthengo komanso kuzembetsa nyama zakuthengo.

Kuchulukirachulukira kwachuma kwachuma kwadzetsa nkhawa pankhani yachitetezo cha chakudya. Malinga ndi World Economic Forum, njira zotsekera zasokoneza mayendedwe amkati, kuyimitsa kupanga chakudya. Choipitsitsacho, dzombe lalikulu la m’chipululu likuwononga mbewu ku Eastern Africa, ndipo madera ena a Kum’mwera kwa Africa akuchira ku chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kwaposachedwa - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti dziko la Africa lizidalira kwambiri chakudya chochokera kunja.

Chiwerengero chocheperako cha milandu m'maiko aku Africa sichifukwa chochepetsera kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwazachuma m'malo oteteza anthu. Kufalikira kwa COVID-19 kukukulirakulirabe ndipo kupitilirabe kukhudza kwambiri madera otetezedwa. M'mayiko onse a mu Africa muli miliri. Panthawi yolemba izi, panali 184,333 omwe adadwala ndi anthu 5,071, malinga ndi Africa CDC. South Africa yanena kuti milandu 48,285 yatsimikizika - chiwonjezeko chopitilira 20 peresenti sabata yatha. Dziko lokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Africa, Nigeria, likuvutika kuyankha kufalikira kwa COVID-19 komanso kutsika kwakukulu kwamitengo yamafuta, komwe kwasokoneza chuma chake.

Bungwe la World Health Organisation lachenjeza kuti malo otentha mu Africa atha kukumana ndi mliri wachiwiri wa Covid-19 pomwe ma Lockdown achotsedwa mu June, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika kale ku Western Cape. South Africa ili ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu kwambiri cha matenda omwe akuti tsiku lililonse pa Juni 4, ndi milandu 3,267 yatsopano. Banki Yadziko Lonse yati anthu pafupifupi 60 miliyoni atha kukakamizika ku umphaŵi wadzaoneni pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020. Ngati zinthu zikuipiraipirabe, anthu amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu adzatembenukira ku nyama zakuthengo monga magwero a chakudya. Mchitidwe woterewu wakudya nyama zakutchire mosadziletsa kumabweretsa chiopsezo chotenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku nyama zakuthengo kupita kwa anthu.

Monga momwe US ndi maiko ena akufuna kuthandiza Africa, zolimbikitsa ziyenera kupangidwa kuti ziphatikizepo kuthandizira madera omwe ali patsogolo pakusunga nyama zakuthengo. Ngati sitichitapo kanthu pothandizira thandizo ndi ndalama zopezera ntchito kumadera aku Africa omwe akufunika kwambiri, titha kukhala pachiwopsezo chosintha zomwe tapeza zaka 30 posintha machitidwe ku nyama zakuthengo. African Wildlife Foundation ndi mabungwe omwe akugwira ntchito kutsogolo ndikuwunikira zomwe zikuchitika, awonetsa kukhazikika kwa malo obwereketsa malo ndikupereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo ngati mipata yovuta kwambiri panthawi yotseka komanso pambuyo potsekeka. Thandizo ladzidzidzi pachimake cha matendawa lidzawonetsetsa kuti kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo kwa anthu aku Africa, chuma ndi chilengedwe.

Boma la US ndi lachilendo pankhani yosamalira zachilengedwe ku Africa. Lakhala likuthandizira zoyesayesa izi kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ndikuthandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti madera akumaloko akupindula ndi kasungidwe ka nyama zakuthengo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyesetsa kuteteza nyama zakuthengo ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Chitsanzochi chimafuna njira yopezera moyo tsopano kuposa kale lonse.

COVID-19 ikuwunikira kufooka kwa kasungidwe ka nyama zakuthengo ku Africa. Pokhala ndi ndalama zochepa za mabungwe ambiri achilengedwe oyendetsedwa ndi boma, pakhala kudalira kwambiri zokopa alendo kuti zithandizire zoyesayesa. Kutsatira mliriwu - pambuyo poti zofunikira zayankhidwa - Africa ili ndi mwayi wowonetsa dziko lapansi momwe lingakhazikitsire chuma chosinthika. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa ndikuwongolera kasungidwe ka nyama zakuthengo m'magawo onse azachuma ku Africa pothana ndi mliriwu kuti tipewe kufalikira kwamtsogolo.

Maiko omwe akukumana ndi malire komanso zovuta zazinthu panthawi yotseka azitsegulanso chuma posachedwa, ndikuganiziranso njira zachitukuko momwe amachitira. Ndondomeko yachitukuko cha anthu ku Africa ikuyenera kupindula ngati chilengedwe chili kutsogolo komanso pakati, ndipo chilichonse chomwe tingachite pakali pano chidzachepetsa chiopsezo cha mliri wina wapadziko lonse mtsogolomo.

Edwin Tambara, African Wildlife Foundation

ZOMWE MUNGACHITE PA NKHANIYI:

Early data show the fractures in the system, but the full effect of travel bans, border closures and vacation cancelations on protected areas and the local communities co-existing with wild lands is just starting to sink in across the African continent.
The World Health Organization has warned that hot spots in Africa could experience a second wave of Covid-19 as lockdown orders are lifted in June, and that appears to already be occurring in the Western Cape.
For wild animals in Africa on the verge of extinction and the tight knit communities who protect them, COVID-19 is a specter, disrupting a delicate balancing act of survival for both humans and endangered species.