Willard Hotel: Mbiri Yakale Yapamwamba Yama Purezidenti

National Park Service ndi US Department of the Interior akufotokoza mbiri ya Willard Hotel motere:

Mlembi wa ku America dzina lake Nathaniel Hawthorne ananena m’zaka za m’ma 1860 kuti “Willard Hotel moyenerera inkatchedwa likulu la Washington kuposa Capitol kapena White House kapena State Department.” Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1847 pamene abale ochita chidwi a Willard, Henry ndi Edwin, anayamba kukhala osamalira alendo pakona ya 14th Street ndi Pennsylvania Avenue, Willard wakhala akugwira ntchito yapadera m'mbiri ya Washington ndi dziko.

The Willard Hotel inakhazikitsidwa ndi Henry Willard pamene adabwereka nyumba zisanu ndi imodzi mu 1847, adaziphatikiza kukhala nyumba imodzi, ndikukulitsa hotelo yansanjika zinayi yomwe adayitcha kuti Willard Hotel. Willard adagula hoteloyo kuchokera kwa Ogle Tayloe mu 1864.

M’zaka za m’ma 1860, wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake Nathaniel Hawthorne analemba kuti “Hotelo ya Willard moyenerera imatchedwa likulu la Washington kusiyana ndi Capitol kapena White House kapena Dipatimenti ya Boma.”

Kuyambira pa February 4 mpaka February 27, 1861, Congress ya Mtendere, yomwe inali ndi nthumwi zochokera ku 21 mwa mayiko 34, anakumana ku Willard pofuna kuyesa kuthetsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Chikwangwani chochokera ku bungwe la Virginia Civil War Commission, lomwe lili m’mbali mwa Pennsylvania Ave. Pambuyo pake chaka chimenecho, atamva gulu la Union likuimba "Thupi la John Brown" pamene akuyenda pansi pawindo lake, Julia Ward Howe analemba mawu akuti "The Battle Hym of the Republic" pamene akukhala ku hotelo mu November 1861.

Pa February 23, 1861, pakati pa ziwopsezo zingapo zopha munthu, wapolisi wofufuza milandu Allan Pinkerton adazembetsa Abraham Lincoln mu Willard; Lincoln adakhala komweko mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwake pa Marichi 4, kumachita misonkhano mchipinda cholandirira alendo ndikuchita bizinesi kuchokera kuchipinda chake.

Mapurezidenti ambiri a ku United States amapita ku Willard, ndipo pulezidenti aliyense kuyambira pamene Franklin Pierce wagona kapena kupezekapo pazochitika ku hotelo kamodzi kokha; hoteloyi imadziwikanso kuti "nyumba ya apurezidenti." Chinali chizoloŵezi cha Ulysses S. Grant kumwa kachasu ndi kusuta ndudu pamene akupuma m’chipinda cholandirira alendo. Nthano za anthu (zotsatiridwa ndi hoteloyo) zimakhulupirira kuti uku ndiko gwero la mawu oti "kukopa anthu," monga momwe Grant ankafikira nthawi zambiri ndi anthu ofuna chithandizo. Komabe, mwina zimenezi n’zabodza, chifukwa Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary imatchula mneni “kukopa” m’chaka cha 1837. Grover Cleveland ankakhala kumeneko kumayambiriro kwa nthaŵi yake yachiŵiri mu 1893, chifukwa chodera nkhaŵa thanzi la mwana wake wamkazi wakhanda pambuyo pa scarlet fever ku White House. Mapulani a Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations adapangidwa pomwe adachita misonkhano ya League to Enforce Peace mu hotelo ya hoteloyo mu 1916. Otsatira asanu ndi limodzi omwe amakhala ku Willard. Millard Fillmore ndi Thomas A. Hendricks, pa nthawi yake yochepa pa udindo, ankakhala ku Willard wakale; kenako Vice-Presidenti, James S. Sherman, Calvin Coolidge ndipo pomalizira pake Charles Dawes onse ankakhala mu nyumba yomwe ilipo kwa nthawi yochepa ya utsogoleri wawo. Fillmore ndi Coolidge anapitirizabe ku Willard, ngakhale atakhala pulezidenti, kuti alole nthawi yoyamba ya banja kuchoka ku White House.

Maofesala mazana angapo, ambiri a iwo omenyana ndi asilikali ankhondo a Nkhondo Yadziko I, anasonkhana koyamba ndi General of the Armies, John J. “Blackjack” Pershing, ku Willard Hotel pa October 2, 1922, ndipo anakhazikitsa mwalamulo Reserve Officers Association (ROA). ) monga bungwe.

Mapangidwe amakono a 12, opangidwa ndi wojambula wotchuka wa hotelo Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, anatsegulidwa mu 1901. Anavutika ndi moto waukulu mu 1922 zomwe zinapangitsa $250,000 (zofanana ndi $3,865,300 monga 2020), zowonongeka. Ena mwa omwe adachotsedwa mu hoteloyo anali Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Calvin Coolidge, maseneta angapo aku US, wolemba nyimbo John Philip Sousa, wopanga zithunzi zoyenda Adolph Zukor, wofalitsa nyuzipepala Harry Chandler, ndi ena ambiri atolankhani, mabungwe, ndi atsogoleri andale omwe analipo. Chakudya chapachaka cha Gridiron. Kwa zaka zambiri Willard inali hotelo yokhayo yomwe munthu amatha kupitako mosavuta ku mzinda wonse wa Washington, ndipo chifukwa chake wakhala akukhala olemekezeka ambiri m'mbiri yake.

Banja la Willard linagulitsa gawo lake la hoteloyo mu 1946, ndipo chifukwa cha kusasamalidwa bwino ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa malo, hoteloyo inatsekedwa popanda chilengezo choyambirira pa July 16, 1968. Nyumbayo inakhala yopanda anthu kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo mapulani ambiri adayandama. kuwonongedwa kwake. Pambuyo pake idagwa m'malo olandila anthu ambiri ndipo idagulitsidwa ku Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. Iwo adachita mpikisano kuti akonzenso malowo ndipo pamapeto pake adapereka kwa Oliver Carr Company ndi Golding Associates. Awiriwo adabweretsa Gulu la InterContinental Hotels kuti likhale eni ake komanso oyendetsa hoteloyo. Pambuyo pake Willard adabwezeretsedwanso kukongola kwake kwazaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo ofesi yomanga ofesi inawonjezeredwa. Choncho hoteloyi inatsegulidwanso pakati pa chikondwerero chachikulu pa Ogasiti 20, 1986, pomwe oweruza angapo a Khothi Lalikulu la US ndi ma senate aku US. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, hoteloyo idakonzedwanso kwambiri.

Martin Luther King Jr., adalemba zokamba zake zodziwika bwino za "Ndili ndi Maloto" m'chipinda chake cha hotelo ku Willard m'masiku oyambira pa Ogasiti 28, 1963 Marichi ku Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

Pa September 23, 1987, zinanenedwa kuti Bob Fosse anagwa m'chipinda chake ku Willard ndipo kenako anamwalira. Pambuyo pake zidadziwika kuti adamwaliradi ku George Washington University Hospital.

Mwa alendo ena otchuka a Willard anali PT Barnum, Walt Whitman, General Tom Thumb, Samuel Morse, Duke wa Windsor, Harry Houdini, Gypsy Rose Lee, Gloria Swanson, Emily Dickinson, Jenny Lind, Charles Dickens, Bert Bell, Joe Paterno. , ndi Jim Sweeney.

Steven Spielberg adawombera chomaliza cha filimu yake Minority Report ku hotelo m'chilimwe cha 2001. Anajambula ndi Tom Cruise ndi Max von Sydow mu Willard Room, Peacock Alley ndi khitchini.

Ili pamtunda wa midadada iwiri kuchokera ku White House, hoteloyi ili ndi mizukwa ya anthu otchuka komanso amphamvu. Kwa zaka zambiri, wakhala malo osonkhanira a pulezidenti, ndale, abwanamkubwa, olemba mabuku ndi zikhalidwe. Kunali ku Willard komwe Julia Ward Howe adalemba "Nyimbo Yankhondo ya Republic." Gen. Ulysses S. Grant anachitira khothi pamalo olandirira alendo ndipo Abraham Lincoln adabwereka masilipi anyumba kwa eni ake.

Purezidenti Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Taft, Wilson, Coolidge ndi Harding adakhala ku Willard. Alendo ena odziwika aphatikiza Charles Dickens, Buffalo Bill, David Lloyd George, PT Barnum, ndi ena osawerengeka. Walt Whitman anaphatikizapo Willard m'mavesi ake ndipo Mark Twain analemba mabuku awiri kumeneko kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Anali Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Thomas R. Marshall, wokwiya ndi mitengo yokwera ya Willard, yemwe adayambitsa mawu akuti "Zomwe dziko lino likufunika ndi ndudu yabwino ya 5-cent."

Willard adakhala wopanda munthu kuyambira 1968 ndipo ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongedwa mpaka 1986 pomwe adabwezeretsedwa kuulemelero wake wakale. Ntchito yokonzanso zokwana madola 73 miliyoni inalinganizidwa mosamala ndi National Park Service kuti ikonzenso hoteloyo kuti ikhale yolondola kwambiri momwe kungathekere. Mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi ya utoto idachotsedwa pamitengo kuti idziwe mitundu yoyambirira ya hoteloyo mu 1901.

Wotsutsa zomangamanga wa New York Times Paul Goldberger analemba pa September 2, 1986:

Zokonzanso zambiri za nyumba zolemekezeka zimagwera m'magulu awiri, mwina kuyesa kukonzanso mokhulupilika monga momwe zinalili kale, kapena ndi matanthauzidwe anzeru omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomanga zoyambira ngati podumphira.

Willard Hotel yomwe yangokonzedwa kumene ndi onse. Theka la polojekitiyi ikukhudza kukonzanso mwaulemu kwa hotelo yayikulu kwambiri ku Washington, nyumba yodziwika bwino ya Beaux-Arts yolembedwa ndi Henry Hardenbergh yomwe idasokonekera kuyambira 1968, yemwe adakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa malo oyandikana nawo, midadada ingapo kummawa kwa White House. Theka lina ndi lopangidwa mwachisangalalo, chowonjezera chatsopano chomwe chili ndi maofesi, mashopu, malo ochitira anthu onse komanso ballroom yatsopano ya hoteloyo.

Stanley Turkel adasankhidwa kukhala 2020 Historian of the Year ndi Historic Hotels of America, pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya National Trust for Historic Preservation, yomwe adatchulidwapo kale mu 2015 ndi 2014. Turkel ndiye mlangizi wodziwika bwino wamahotelo ku United States. Amagwiritsa ntchito malo ake owerengera kuhotelo ngati mboni waluso pamilandu yokhudzana ndi hotelo, amapereka kasamalidwe ka chuma ndi kuyankhulana kwa hotelo. Amadziwika kuti ndi Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus ndi Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Lodging Association. [imelo ndiotetezedwa] 917-628-8549

Buku lake latsopano "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" langotulutsidwa kumene.

Mabuku Enanso Omasindikizidwa:

• Ma Hoteli Akuluakulu aku America: Apainiya a Makampani Ogulitsa (2009)

• Kumangidwa Pomaliza: Mahotela Akale Zaka 100+ ku New York (2011)

• Kumangidwa Komalizira: Mahotela Azaka 100+ Kum'mawa kwa Mississippi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar waku Waldorf (2014)

• Great American Hoteliers Voliyumu 2: Apainiya a Hotel Viwanda (2016)

• Kumangidwa Komalizira: Mahotela Akale + Zaka 100+ Kumadzulo kwa Mississippi (2017)

• Hotel Mavens Volume 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Great American Hotel Architects Volume I (2019)

• Hotel Mavens: Voliyumu 3: Bob ndi Larry Tisch, Ralph Hitz, Cesar Ritz, Curt Strand

Mabuku onsewa atha kuyitanitsidwa kuchokera ku AuthorHouse poyendera stanleystkel.com  ndikudina pamutu wabukuli.

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