Greenbrier Hotel: Madzi Ochiza Chilichonse

Mu 1910, njanji ya Chesapeake ndi Ohio Railway idagula malo ochezera a mbiri yakale ndikuyamba kukulitsa kwakukulu. Pofika m'chaka cha 1913, njanjiyo inali itawonjezera The Greenbrier Hotel (chigawo chapakati cha hotelo yamakono), dipatimenti yatsopano yosambira ya mchere (nyumba yomwe ili ndi dziwe lamkati) ndi bwalo la gofu la 18-hole (lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Old White Course) lopangidwa. ndi wojambula wotchuka kwambiri wamakono wa gofu, Charles Blair Macdonald. Mu 1914, kwa nthawi yoyamba, malowa, omwe tsopano akutchedwa Greenbrier, anali otsegulidwa chaka chonse. Chaka chimenecho, Purezidenti ndi Akazi a Woodrow Wilson adakhala tchuthi chawo cha Isitala ku Greenbrier.

Bizinesi idakula kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 1920s ndipo The Greenbrier idatenga malo ake pakati pa anthu apaulendo omwe adayambira ku Palm Beach, Florida mpaka Newport, Rhode Island. Hotelo ya Old White yomwe inatha kale inagwetsedwa mu 1922, zomwe zinachititsa kuti amangidwenso kwambiri The Greenbrier Hotel mu 1930. Kukonzanso kumeneku kunachulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri chiŵerengero cha zipinda za alendo kufika pa mazana asanu. Katswiri wa zomangamanga ku Cleveland Philip Small adakonzanso khomo lalikulu la hoteloyo ndikuwonjezera Phiri la Vernon-inspired Virginia Wing kumwera ndi siginecha ya North Entrance facade. Mapangidwe a Mr. Small osakaniza zinthu zochokera ku malo ochezera a ku Southern mbiri yakale ndi zojambula zochokera ku Old White Hotel.

Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, boma la United States lidapatsa Greenbrier ntchito ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri.

Choyamba, Dipatimenti Yaboma inabwereketsa hoteloyo kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri itangolowa kumene kunkhondo. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mazana a akazembe a ku Germany, Japan, ndi Italiya ndi mabanja awo kuchokera ku Washington, DC mpaka kusinthana kwawo ndi akazembe a ku America, omwenso anali osowa kutsidya lanyanja, kumalizidwa. Mu Seputembala 1942, Asitikali aku US adagula The Greenbrier ndikuisintha kukhala chipatala cha mabedi zikwi ziwiri chotchedwa Ashford General Hospital. M'zaka zinayi, asitikali a 24,148 adaloledwa ndikuthandizidwa, pomwe malowa adagwira ntchito yankhondo ngati malo opangira opaleshoni ndi kukonzanso. Asilikali adalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira masewera ndi osangalalira omwe ali pamalowa ngati njira imodzi yochira. Nkhondo itatha, asilikali anatseka chipatalacho.

Sitima yapamtunda ya Chesapeake ndi Ohio Railway inatenganso malowo kuchokera ku boma mu 1946. Kampaniyo nthawi yomweyo inalamula kukonzanso mkatikati mwa mkati ndi wojambula wotchuka Dorothy Draper. Monga momwe Architectural Digest inamulongosolera, Draper anali “katswiri weniweni wa zopangapanga [amene] anakhala wotchuka m’lingaliro lamakono la liwulo, moti anapanga chithunzi cha wokongoletsa m’maganizo ofala.” Adakhalabe wokongoletsa malowa mpaka m'ma 1960. Atapuma pantchito, wothandizira wake Carleton Varney adagula kampaniyo ndikukhala mlangizi wazokongoletsa wa The Greenbrier.

Pamene Greenbrier idatsegulidwanso mu 1948, Sam Snead adabwereranso ngati gofu ku hotelo komwe ntchito yake idayambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Kwa zaka makumi aŵiri m’zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondo, anayenda padziko lonse lapansi pachimake pa ntchito yake yaitali. Kuposa munthu wina aliyense, Sam Snead adakhazikitsa mbiri ya The Greenbrier ngati amodzi mwamalo otsogola kwambiri a gofu padziko lapansi. M'zaka zotsatira, adatchedwa Golf Pro Emeritus, udindo womwe adagwira mpaka imfa yake pa May 23, 2002.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, boma la US linapemphanso Greenbrier kuti athandizidwe, nthawi ino pomanga Malo Osamutsira Odzidzimutsa ̶ malo obisalamo kapena mabomba ̶ kuti azikhala ndi Congress ya US ngati kuli nkhondo. Yomangidwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yozizira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobisa kwa zaka 30, ndi malo obisalamo pansi pa nthaka okwana 112,000, omwe cholinga chake chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi United States Congress pa nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Kufukula kunayamba mu 1958 ndipo ntchito yomanga inamalizidwa mu 1962.

Mwamgwirizano wachinsinsi, Chesapeake ndi Ohio Railway adapanga chowonjezera chatsopano pamalowa, Mapiko a West Virginia ndi bunker adamangidwa mobisa pansi pake.

Ndi makoma a konkire ochindikala mamita asanu, ndi kukula kwa mabwalo a mpira aŵiri omatidwa pansi. Inamangidwa kuti iteteze anthu a 1100: maseneta a 535 ndi oimira ndi othandizira awo. Kwa zaka 30 zotsatira, akatswiri aboma, omwe amadziwonetsa ngati ogwira ntchito kukampani ina yamasewera, Forsythe Associates, adasunga malowa nthawi zonse amayang'ana zida zake zolumikizirana ndi sayansi komanso kukonzanso magazini ndi mapepala m'malo opumira. Nthawi iliyonse m'zaka zimenezo, foni ina yochokera kwa akuluakulu a ku Washington, DC, poopa kuti likulu la dzikoli latsala pang'ono kuwukira, zikanapangitsa kuti malowa akhale okhudzidwa ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Kumapeto kwa Cold War komanso mothandizidwa ndi atolankhani mu 1992, ntchitoyi idathetsedwa ndipo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale idachotsedwa. Malinga ndi nkhani ya May 6, 2013, mu Wall Street Journal, Khoti Lalikulu la ku United States linakonza zoti asamukire ku Grove Park Inn, Asheville, NC pakachitika chiwembu cha nyukiliya.

M'dziko lodziwika bwino lomwe lili pamwamba pa bwaloli, moyo wapanyumba udayenda bwino pomwe Jack Nicklaus adafika kudzakonzanso Kosi ya Greenbrier yazaka makumi asanu, ndikuyipangitsa kuti ikhale yopambana mu 1979 Ryder Cup Matches. Maphunzirowa analinso malo amasewera atatu a PGA Seniors m'ma 1980 ndi mpikisano wa Solheim Cup wa 1994. Mu 1999, Meadows Course idayamba pomwe Bob Cupp adakonzanso, kukonzanso ndikukweza Lakeside Course yakale, pulojekiti yomwe idaphatikizanso kupanga gofu yatsopano. Ntchito ya Sam Snead idakhazikitsidwa pomwe Gofu Club idamangidwanso pomwe pali malo odyera omwe ali ndi dzina lake ndi ziwonetsero zabwino kwambiri zokumbukira zakale kuchokera m'magulu ake.

M'chilengezo chodabwitsa pa May 7, 2009, Jim Justice, wochita bizinesi waku West Virginia yemwe amayamikira kwa nthawi yaitali The Greenbrier, adakhala mwini wa malo opumira kwambiri ku America. Adagula ku CSX Corporation yomwe, kudzera m'makampani omwe adatsogolera Chessie System ndi C&O Railway, adakhala ndi malowa kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi. Bambo Justice adatembenuza mphamvu zake zambiri kukhala mapulani otsitsimutsanso America's Resort. Nthawi yomweyo adawonetsa masomphenya ake a kasino wopangidwa ndi Carleton Varney omwe amaphatikizapo masitolo, malo odyera ndi zosangalatsa m'malo opanda utsi. Kalabu ya Casino ku The Greenbrier idatsegulidwa mwamafashoni pa Julayi 2, 2010. Nthawi yomweyo, Bambo Justice adakonza zoti asamutse chochitika cha PGA Tour chotchedwa The Greenbrier Classic motsogozedwa ndi The Greenbrier's Golf Pro Emeritus, Tom Watson. Mpikisano woyamba unachitika pa July 26 mpaka August 1, 2010.

Atsogoleri makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi akhala ku Greenbrier. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya President's Cottage ndi nyumba yansanjika ziwiri yokhala ndi ziwonetsero za maulendowa komanso mbiri ya The Greenbrier. Greenbrier yalembedwa pa National Register of Historic Places ndipo ndi membala wa Historic Hotels of America. Ndiwopambana Mphotho ya Forbes Four-Star ndi AAA Five-Diamond Award.

Mbiri yonse ya Greenbrier yalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi zochokera kumalo osungiramo malowa mu The History of The Greenbrier: America's Resort yolembedwa ndi Dr. Robert S. Conte, Resident Historian kuyambira 1978.

Stanley Turkel adasankhidwa kukhala 2020 Historian of the Year ndi Historic Hotels of America, pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya National Trust for Historic Preservation, yomwe adatchulidwa m'mbuyomu mu 2015 ndi 2014. Turkel ndi mlangizi wamahotelo ofalitsidwa kwambiri ku United States. Amagwira ntchito yake yoyang'anira mahotelo omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mboni yodziwika bwino pamilandu yokhudzana ndi hotelo, amawongolera kasamalidwe kazachuma komanso kulumikizana ndi mahotela. Iye ndi wovomerezeka ngati Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus ndi Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Lodging Association. [imelo ndiotetezedwa] 917-628-8549

Buku lake latsopano "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" langotulutsidwa kumene.

Mabuku Enanso Omasindikizidwa:

• Ma Hoteli Akuluakulu aku America: Apainiya a Makampani Ogulitsa (2009)

• Kumangidwa Pomaliza: Mahotela Akale Zaka 100+ ku New York (2011)

• Kumangidwa Komalizira: Mahotela Azaka 100+ Kum'mawa kwa Mississippi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar waku Waldorf (2014)

• Great American Hoteliers Voliyumu 2: Apainiya a Hotel Viwanda (2016)

• Kumangidwa Komalizira: Mahotela Akale + Zaka 100+ Kumadzulo kwa Mississippi (2017)

• Hotel Mavens Volume 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Great American Hotel Architects Volume I (2019)

• Hotel Mavens: Voliyumu 3: Bob ndi Larry Tisch, Ralph Hitz, Cesar Ritz, Curt Strand

Mabuku onsewa atha kuyitanitsidwa kuchokera ku AuthorHouse poyendera stanleystkel.com  ndikudina pamutu wabukuli.

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