Mukusowa Ulalo Wolumikizira

Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha msandersmusic kuchokera | eTurboNews | | eTN
Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha msandersmusic kuchokera ku Pixabay
Avatar ya Max Haberstroh
Written by Max Haberstroh

Mavuto akuluakulu ndi masoka nthawi zonse akhala akuwopseza miyoyo ya anthu, nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi kunyada, umbuli, chiwawa, megalomania ndi hedonism. Zinthuzi, zomwe zimapereka mbiri ya sewero la anthu, zimatha kupanga mitundu yambiri, makamaka odziwika bwino omwe amawonetsa chidwi chawo pazochitika payekha komanso gulu. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi 'Faust', monga Johann Wolfgang von Goethe adatcha sewero lake. Ikufotokoza za tsogolo la Faust monga wolanda wolephera yemwe akupotoza lingaliro laufulu ku nkhanza ndi nkhanza. Moyo wake unakonzedwa ndi zolinga zabwino koma unathera pa tsoka.

Nomen est omen: Ngakhale maiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "Tsiku la Ufulu" kukondwerera kubwerera kwa COVID-19, kuchitapo kanthu mokulirapo kuti atsogolere moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa nzika zawo zomwe zathetsedwa ndi kachilomboka, Travel & Tourism imakondwerera kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe loyang'anira anthu. Tsiku la "Global Tourism Resilience Day" pachaka pa World Expo ku Dubai. Kunena zoona, ndi mtendere umene uli ndi zambiri zoti upitirize kukhala wolimba masiku ano. Kumbuyo ndi nkhondo yowopsya ku Ulaya - ndipo lingaliro ndi ufulu.

Faust ankakonda kwambiri 'lingaliro la anthu aufulu', monga momwe timachitira. M’chenicheni, komabe, ‘lingaliro lathu la anthu aufulu’ lerolino likuoneka kukhala losokonezeka m’mbali zambiri. Izi zikukhudzana ndi mkangano womwe ukukulirakulirabe wa Russia-Ukrainian-NATO - koma osati kokha.

Makamaka tikagonjetseratu COVID-19, tapeza kuti tikuphunzitsidwa zambiri zomwe tingachite ndi zomwe sitiyenera kuchita, tikukulitsa kusokoneza kwachinsinsi chathu. Buzzword ndi 'kuwongolera', kujambulidwa ndikuyendetsedwa kwambiri pamasewera a Olimpiki a Zima ku Peking achaka chino, kuti COVID isasunthike, ocheza nawo achepe - komanso otsutsa azikhala chete.

M'malo mwake, Goethe's 'Faust' atha kupereka chilimbikitso: Pamene moyo wa 'paradaiso' wa Faust umadziwika ndi kuyesetsa kwake kuti atseke mipata yowopsa kudzera muulamuliro wokakamizidwa, zomwe zikuwopseza padziko lapansi pano zikuphatikiza kuyang'anira kosaloledwa pakompyuta komanso kubera zigawenga mosalekeza. kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mipata ya mapulogalamu achitetezo pamakompyuta athu.

Kachitidwe kangathe kutaya ntchito yake, popeza malingaliro atayika.

 Zakhala zoonekeratu kuti megalomania yandale ndi mabizinesi ndi chinyengo mumayendedwe akulu zili ndi gawo lawo lenileni lomwe likubweretsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ku Europe ndi padziko lonse lapansi.

Magulu amafunikira malamulo kuti azichita bwino - komanso osewera kuti azitsatira: Tazindikira kuti popanda zikhalidwe zimangokhala chipwirikiti. Makhalidwe, komabe, adatsitsidwa kukhala malangizo amomwe angakonzekerere ubale wabwino - kodi nthawi zambiri samawoneka ngati 'wopanda magazi' kuti asamamatire? Zingamveke zachilendo, koma ngati titatchula mawu a Bill Clinton onena za chuma, zimafika pa mfundo yakuti: “Ndi chikhulupiriro chathu, chopusa! Aliyense amene angakonde kapena ayi, 'chipembedzo' chikutanthauza, maziko ndi chilimbikitso choyambirira cha chikhalidwe chathu, ndipo kwa ambiri oyamba - kapena otsiriza - kutuluka mwadzidzidzi pangozi yaikulu.

“Zaka za m’ma 21 zidzakhala zachipembedzo, kapena sizidzakhala,” anatero André Malraux wandale ndiponso wanzeru wa ku France. Tengani izi ngati kusanthula kwa akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu, chitonthozo cha anthanthi osamala, kapena njira yodutsa mabungwe achipembedzo monga, mwachitsanzo, Mpingo: Kodi Malraux anali wolondola?   

Lero tingafunse kuti: Zingakhale bwanji zimenezo, pamene Tchalitchi cha ku Ulaya ndi ku North America chikuchepa, mwachionekere chalephera kumveketsa bwino ndi kuteteza maziko a chipembedzo Chachikristu? Kodi pali kugwirizana pakati pa kusakonda zachipembedzo ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ukadaulo wapamwamba ndi chuma zidabweretsa? Kapena ndi fumbi la ziphunzitso zokayikitsa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa, monga momwe malingaliro a 'Zeitgeist' asonyezera kuti ndi ovuta kutsutsa, pamene zonyansa zamkati za nkhanza zakugonana zimatipangitsa tonsefe kukhala odabwa? Mitu yambiri yolakwika yatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pakuipiraipira kwa anthu pa Tchalitchi chokhazikitsidwa.

Pamene tikuyang'anizana ndi kutayikira kooneka ngati kosaletseka kwa kutsata mipingo, ndiko kuti ku Ulaya, mikangano pakati pa mabungwe achipembedzo ndi okhulupirira omwe akhala okhulupirika, yafalikira. Pakhala chigwirizano chamwambo chakuti anthu a m’maiko osauka, makamaka mu Afirika, amamamatira mwamphamvu ku chipembedzo popeza kuti malonjezo ake a Paradaiso anawapatsa chitonthozo chokwanira ndi mphamvu za kupirira mtsogolo mwawo wovuta wa padziko lapansi.  

Woyang'anitsitsa watcheru, komabe, amazindikira kuti pali zotsutsana, komanso, ku Ulaya komanso makamaka kupitirira, ku Asia, China ndi Middle East, ku Russia ndi mayiko ena omwe kale anali achikominisi, komanso ku Latin America, kumene chuma ndi chuma. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukuwoneka kuti kukuyenda bwino kwambiri ndi uzimu, ndipo zipembedzo zapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu, zikupikisana kwambiri wina ndi mzake, ngakhalenso m'mipingo yawo.

Zifukwa zochulukirachulukira mu chikhulupiriro ndi uzimu ndi zovuta.

Kufunafuna kwathu kaimidwe ka moyo ndi kufunikira kwathu malangizo amene zikhulupiriro zadziko ndi ziyembekezo zachikale za kukondetsa chuma sizingatipatse; chikhumbo chathu cha chilungamo, kuyankha, community, mgwirizano, ubwenzi ndi - nthawi: nthawi yobwerera, kusinkhasinkha, kulenga, kucheza - mwina potsiriza ... "mtundu wa mtendere umene dziko lapansi silingathe kukupatsani" (pambuyo pa Yohane 14:27). .

'Chipembedzo', lochokera ku liwu lachilatini 'relegere' - kulingalira, kusamalira - kwenikweni zikutanthauza kubwerera ku chiyambi cha uthenga wa chipulumutso monga chitsogozo chauzimu cha moyo wamtendere. Zambiri mwa izo, komabe, ndikuti timamva kuti pali china chake chomwe sitingathe kuchimvetsetsa ndikuchidziwa bwino, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti 'chibadwa chathu' tizifunafuna cholinga chapamwamba kuposa ifeyo. Kodi ndi mtundu wa 'jini la Mulungu' lomwe ndi lobadwa kwa ife? - N'chifukwa chiyani anthu amasonkhana, kupemphera, kuyala maluwa ndi kuyatsa makandulo pamalo a zigawenga? Kodi ndi kungosonyeza chifundo? Kapenanso kupereka chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo chotonthoza kuti kudzakhala moyo wosatha m’dziko lina? Titha kupirira zinthu zambiri, koma kusatsimikizika komwe sitingathe kupirira. Zoonadi, pamene zifika pamfundoyo, okhulupirira kapena osakhulupirira, okhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu kapena osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, kodi tonsefe sitiphonya moipa ‘cholumikizacho’?

Eugen Drewermann, katswiri wa zaumulungu ndi wochiritsa, ali ndi njira yosangalatsa: “… Kwa munthu amene ali m’chipululu akufa ndi ludzu, ludzu ndi umboni wakuti payenera kukhala madzi, ngakhale pamalo pomwepa mulibe madzi kutali ndi kutali. Komabe, popeza pali ludzu, izi zikusonyeza mosatsutsika kuti payenera kukhala madzi, chifukwa madzi akanakhala kuti palibe sipakanakhala ludzu. Fanizoli limamaliza kuti pali Mulungu, popeza tikhoza kuganiza za iye - apo ayi lingaliro loterolo silingabwere; ndipo kulakalaka kwathu kosatha kumasonyeza kuti tinachokera ku moyo wopanda malire ndipo tidzapita ku moyo wosatha.”

Komabe, pakali pano tikukumana ndi mikhalidwe yadziko ya kudalirana:

Potsatira mfundo yotchuka ya katswiri wa ndale Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde kuti momwe timakhalira limodzi, "zimachokera pazifukwa zomwe dziko laufulu, lachikunja silingatsimikizire", timamvetsetsa kuti mikhalidwe iyi, malingana ndi zisankho zopanda pake komanso zopondereza za ena, zingatheke. zimasiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro athu amoyo.

Chomwe chimatchedwa 'Diogenes Paradoxon' (Paul Kirchhof) chimapereka chitsanzo (chodziwika kwambiri): Ngati unyinji wa anthu athu unaganiza zokhala ngati Diogenes wodziwika mu mbiya yake, njira iyi yamoyo, ngakhale ikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi moyo wathu. Ufulu walamulo waufulu waumwini, ungakhale wowopsa pachuma chathu, wowopsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwathu (!) ndikupha ku moyo wathu wamwayi. Podziwa kudalira chilengedwe chathu pamlingo waukulu, timazindikira kufunitsitsa kwa anthu olemera, komwe kumawonetsedwa mu theka lachiwiri la moyo wawo, "kubwezera zomwe adapeza kale". Izi mwachiwonekere ndikukana mwatsatanetsatane za Ebenezer Scrooge wodziwika bwino, wobwereketsa ndalama molakwika komanso protagonist mu buku la Charles Dickens 'A Christmas Carol'.

Kodi timasonkhezeredwa ndi lingaliro la ‘kuyanjana’ limene limatsogolera malingaliro athu abwino ndi zochita ponse paŵiri kwa ife eni ndi kwa ena?

Kodi pali lingaliro lotani mu uthenga: “…………………………………………………………………………………… Kodi ndi vuto la chikondi chosalekanitsidwa cha ponse paŵiri kwa Mulungu ndi anthu chimene chimapereka maziko ogwirizana kwambiri kuti anthu agwirizane? Kodi tiyenera kusinthira ku uzimu, monga kulingalira kokha za ubwino ndi kuipa, kuphatikizapo malingaliro abwino, kumawoneka ngati kosakwanira?

Kulowa m'malo mwa mgwirizano wauzimu wozikidwa pa zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, mwa mzimu womasuka wa anthu wozikidwa pa zoletsa zachikhalidwe zingawoneke ngati njira 'yamakono' yofunafuna cholinga chapamwamba. Pivot ndi Ufulu, pambuyo pake, kuti timasangalala kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kutsutsana ndi zovuta zake monga "dzanja losaoneka la msika waulere" (Adam Smith) - zovuta zomwe Ufulu wokha sungathe kukumana nawo. Hans Magnus Enzensberger akufotokoza mwachidule vuto limeneli mwaluso kwambiri, akumagwiritsira ntchito vuto la paulendo: “Alendo odzaona malo amawononga zimene akufuna pozipeza.”

Kodi mungatuluke bwanji mu 'circulus vitiosus' ya Ufulu wotere, osataya Ufulu konse? Kunena zowona, chilengedwe cha mbali zazikulu za dziko lathu lapansi ndi momwe zimakhudzira chikhalidwe cha anthu zimatsimikizira kukayikira kwakukulu kwa momwe tingabwererenso kulinganiza zofuna zathu zachuma, moyo wabwino, ndi kuthekera kwa chilengedwe - kuposa momwe Tourism ilili ndi gawo lake losatsutsidwa. !

Poona zotsatira zoipa za kuipitsa ndi kuwononga chilengedwe, ndi zochitika zosautsa za kusintha kwa nyengo, tikuopa masoka achilengedwe, kugwa kwachuma ndi chipwirikiti cha anthu. Kuwonongeka kowopsa kwa ulamuliro pakuwonjezeka kwa mafunde osamukira kumayiko omwe ali ndi nkhondo kumatidetsa nkhawa kuti titaya miyambo yathu. Chiyeso chofala chofuna kusiya ntchito chingakhale chomveka, koma kudzikoka pamodzi, tikuvomereza kuti: Izi siziyenera kuchitika, pakuti “ndi Chikhulupiriro chathu, chopusa!” Ndipo ndi Chipembedzo - chodziwika ngati momwe timawonetsera chikhulupiriro chathu chauzimu.

Palinso mbali ina ya mendulo yomweyi: Panthawi imodzimodziyo mpaka kugwa kwa Chipembedzo pano ndi chitsitsimutso chake kwina kulikonse, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa chipwirikiti, kuukira, mantha ndi nkhondo, padziko lonse lapansi. Kuipa kumasangalala ndi makhalidwe abwino: Pamene changu chopatulika chisakanikirana ndi zifukwa zosayenera, Chipembedzo, chotsimikizadi kukhala chosungira mtendere, ndicho galimoto yosavuta kuzunzidwa ngati ngolo yolimbana ndi chikhulupiriro chathu! Zikadakhala kuti sizinali zazikulu mokwanira, tikadakhala tikukamba za kukonzanso kwa Hieronymus Bosch's 'Narrenschiff' (chombo cha opusa) chomwe chimatipangitsa kuti tiziyandama mosalekeza.

"Palibe chiopsezo, palibe zosangalatsa", monga momwe wosewera wa circus amanenera mwanzeru.

Kulumikiza Chikhulupiriro ndi moto: Kumatenthetsa chipinda chathu kapena kuyatsa nyumba yathu. Ngati tivomereza mawu oti ‘zodabwitsa’ kapena ‘zodabwitsa’ kuti akugwira ntchito kwa anthu odabwitsa ndi zinthu zimene achita, timamvetsetsa kuti ntchito zazikulu ndi zochita nthawi zambiri zimatsogozedwa ndi Chikhulupiriro cholimba cha anthu m’maloto awo aakulu, okhala ndi cholinga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana ndi Mulungu. Kupatula apo, ndi ntchito yomwe imamaliza kwa mlengi wake, ndipo ndi Chikhulupiriro 'chomwe chimasuntha mapiri'.

Chipembedzo - kwenikweni 'chizindikiro' cha Chikhulupiriro - chingakhale champhamvu "monga chotsutsana ndi Boma, chopanda chimene lingaliro la ku Ulaya la ufulu ndi losaganizirika" (Wilhelm Röpke, Civitas Humana). Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuzunzidwa, Chipembedzo mwina ndiye chiyambi cha chikhalidwe chathu kapena chiyambi cha nkhanza zathu. Ndani sakhulupirira kalikonse, amene amakhulupirira kalikonse? Ngati tidzitengera masomphenya a Mulungu kwa ife tokha monga 'anzake a moyo', ndikupangitsa kukhala 'chifukwa chathu', chipembedzo chikhoza kupereka chidziwitso, chidziwitso chotseguka komanso chidziwitso chabwino ndi mawu Oona, Okongola, Abwino. Izi zikumveka ngati nyimbo ya John Milton ya 'Paradise Lost' yomwe inasintha n'kukhala uthenga wonyezimira wa Paradaiso ... Wobwezeretsedwa!

Ndipotu, triad ya Zoona, Zokongola, Zabwino ndizoyenera kwambiri zomwe kwa nthawi yaitali zakhala zikuwonetseratu chikhalidwe ndi luso la chikhalidwe chathu. Ikhozanso kupereka zikhalidwe za 'kusakhulupirira kwathu kowala' cholinga chawo chapamwamba, ndi Chikhulupiriro - nkhope'.

Pali chikhulupiliro chathu champhamvu chomwe chimayamba mwa ife tokha kuti 'cholinga chathu chapamwamba' ndikupanga kusinthika kwabwino kwa chinthu, ngati tiyimilira payekhapayekha, kuphatikiza mphamvu zathu kuti tilimbitse dera lathu ndikugawana chikhalidwe chathu ndi ena, osachipereka, ngakhale. Ndife Akhristu, Asilamu, Ayuda, Abuda, Ahindu, kapena ena, ndipo zili kwa aliyense wa ife kusonyeza mgwirizano, kaya kuika chipembedzo chathu patsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa malingaliro athu auzimu.

M’zikhalidwe za Azungu, kulekanitsa chipembedzo ndi boma kunakhazikitsidwa bwino lomwe; tonse tikudziwa za nkhondo ndi zoopsa zomwe zayambitsa nkhanza zachipembedzo - nthawi ndi nthawi - podzinamizira kudzikonda komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuwonetsa zolemba za 'ufulu waumulungu', 'laicism' kapena 'ideology'. Kalanga! Ngakhale kuti alaliki a chidani akupitirizabe kukweza mawu awo osapiririka, amithenga a kulolera sakusowa masiku ano. Komabe, kulolerana kumangogwira ntchito, ngati kuchitidwa mogwirizana komanso osasiyidwa kuti zisasokonezedwe. Kusintha kwamtundu wina kumawoneka kofunikira apa ndi apo.

Kukonzanso kumafuna kampasi, zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zozikika monga maulaliki ku kukhudzika kwathu kapena Chikhulupiriro chauzimu chomwe chingatipatse chidaliro, chidaliro ndi bata - ngakhale munthawi za COVID ndi zinthu zina zowopsa. Mu 'Civilization - the West and the Rest (2011),' Niall Ferguson akulemba kuti: "Mwina chiwopsezo chachikulu cha Kumadzulo sichichokera ku Islamism, kapena gwero lina lililonse lakunja, koma chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsa kwathu, ndi chikhulupiriro mwa ife. , cholowa chathu cha chikhalidwe ... ... [Zidabwera] chifukwa cha mpusillanimity yathu - komanso chifukwa cha umbuli wa mbiri yakale womwe umadyetsa."

Mkangano wapakati pakati pa 'Kumadzulo' ndi Russia pa dziko la Ukraine ukungosonyeza kulephera kwa Ulaya kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kutsimikizira dziko la Russia lomwe linakhudzidwa ndi chipwirikiti kuti m'malo motengedwa ngati gawo la "ena", dziko lalikululi liri. malo, chikhalidwe ndi mawu a 85 peresenti ya anthu ake mbali yofunika ya Europe, monga embattled Ukraine ndi. Tsoka, kubisa chinyengo cha ndale ndi zokambirana za pusllanimous tiptoe pazaka zambiri, sitiyenera kudabwa za zotsatira zake: Popanda mfundo, kuwonekera kwawo momveka bwino komanso mokhazikika, komanso kufunitsitsa kuwakakamiza, zitseko zonse zidzakhala zotseguka kwa adani omwe kuyankha kwawo movutikira. diplomacy ndi njira yogwirizana.

Sizingakhale zoipitsitsa masiku ano.

Monga zaka ndi miyezi yapitayi umbuli wakumana ndi kudzikuza. Asilamu ndi China, ngakhale ali mumgwirizano wotalikirana ndi ndale, adikirira - ndikuwona momwe mayiko omwe amati ndi achikhristu atuluke m'mavuto awo. Kukambitsirana kopitilira pakati pa adaniwo mwina kungapereke - ndipo kumapereka chiyembekezo - chiyembekezo, kupereka mbiri ku mawu osamveka a Mephisto mu sewero la 'Faust' la Goethe, kuti ngakhale achinyengo atha kukhala "Gawo la Mphamvu zomwe Nthawi Zonse zimalakalaka Zoipa, ndipo nthawi zonse. amachita Zabwino." Kuopa kuti mawuwo sangatembenuke mwanjira ina ndi yeniyeni: kuti mwina takhala tikulakalaka zabwino koma titachita zoyipa m'malo mwake. Mbiri simadzibwereza yokha koma imatipatsa zambiri kuti tiphunzire momwe tingadzitetezere kubwereza zolakwa zomwezo.

Kuyesa kwamasiku ano kwanzeru komanso kopambana kwambiri pa 'History Channel' ndi ma TV ena, kuyika Mbiri, Chikhalidwe ndi Zojambula pazambiri zamalingaliro a anthu zitha kuonedwa ngati chiyambi chabwino cha zomwe maphunziro akusukulu alephera kuwonetsa: chikumbumtima chakuthwa. za zolephera zathu zakale, kuzindikira kwathanzi kwa chuma chathu, komanso kuthekera kopeza 'ulalo wolumikizira' pakati pa zakale ndi zamakono, komanso kulumikizana ndi mtsogolo.

Mantha, kapena 'Angst', palibe yankho - m'malo mwake! Kumachedwa kutha kupsinjika, kusokoneza mtendere wathu wamalingaliro ndi kudwalitsa mitima yathu. Zilibe chochita ndi kufunikira kwa kukhala tcheru, podziwa bwino kuti kuposa kuwerengera ndi 'kulingalira', Chikhulupiriro chikhoza kulowa mkati mwa moyo wathu, kukulitsa malingaliro a chikondi kapena chidani, chifundo kapena mphwayi. Chikhulupiriro ndi chipembedzo sizitsutsana ndi chidziwitso ndi sayansi. Mbali zonse ziwirizi ndi zogwirizana, ngati tiyika mawonekedwe awo opitilira muyeso ndi umboni pamlingo wa anzawo. Kuyesera mwaluntha kapena m'malingaliro kukana kapena kulambalala mfundo imeneyi sikunapite pachabe, kusiya 'ulalo wosowa' - ku chikhalidwe chathu komanso moyo wokhutitsidwa.

Zili kwa ife kuti tiyambe kupeza 'cholumikizira': mu mzimu wopambana, ndi mtima wotseguka, mawu omveka bwino komanso nkhope yomwetulira yowonetsa 'moyo' wathu wamoyo - zokometsera pang'ono kumoyo, komabe chuma chachikulu kwambiri. za kuchereza alendo ndi Travel & Tourism.

Travel & Tourism zitha kukhala zabwino kupanga kumvetsetsa komanso chifundo. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti Tourism ngati 'gulu lankhondo losunga mtendere', lomwe latsimikizira kuti alibe mphamvu, liyenera kusiyira andale achinyengo omwe, pambuyo poti diplomacy yalephereka, adzapatsa gulu lawo lankhondo 'kusunga mtendere'. Zodabwitsa bwanji za Orwellian - ndi tsoka la Faustian!

Ngati Immanuel Kant ali wolondola kunena kuti “chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopanda malire” ndicho chifuniro chabwino, ndiye kuti tingamvetse bwino kwaya ya ang’ono ponena za malo obadwira Yesu akuti: “Mtendere padziko lapansi kwa anthu amene akondwera nawo!” Mawu osinthidwa pang'ono awa a Luka 2:14 amakhala ambiri, koma makamaka munthawi ya mliri komanso zoopsa zankhondo. Tinganene kuti zabwino sizitanthauza kanthu ngati sizikutsatiridwa ndi ntchito yabwino. Ngakhale kuti n’zoona, chifuno chabwino chingatanthauze “mtendere umene dziko lapansi silingathe kukupatsani.” Zikuwoneka ngati ndendende uthenga uwu umakhala wokonzeka kupanga kulimba mtima, chiyembekezo ndi chidaliro, kutembenuza 'chiyanjano chosowa' kukhala 'cholumikizira.'

#chipembedzo

Ponena za wolemba

Avatar ya Max Haberstroh

Max Haberstroh

Amamvera
Dziwani za
mlendo
0 Comments
Zolowetsa Pamakina
Onani ndemanga zonse
0
Mukufuna malingaliro anu, chonde yankhani.x
Gawani ku...