Mbiri Yakale: YMCA yaku Greater New York

Kukonzekera Kwazokha
YMCA ya Greater New York West Side Manhattan

Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali bungwe lazaka 167 lomwe lili mkati New York City yomwe ili ndi zipinda za hotelo zoposa 1,200 m'malo asanu osiyana m'maboma atatu? Zina mwazinthu zake zimakhala m'nyumba zodziwika bwino ndipo zili ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri othamanga komanso olimbitsa thupi omwe amaposa malo onse opikisana nawo.

Ndi YMCA ya Greater New York zomwe zimachokera ku 1852 ndipo zakhala zikusintha ngati gulu losinthika lotumikira anthu amitundu yonse, misinkhu yonse, mafuko, ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo. Mbiri yake ndi imodzi yoyankha mwachangu komanso mosasintha ku nthawi komanso kusintha kwa zosowa za anthu ake komanso madera ake.

Kuchokera ku chiphunzitso chake choyambirira cha chikhristu, YMCA yakula kukhala gulu lachipembedzo, lokhazikika pazikhalidwe zomwe limayang'ana kwambiri zachitukuko chabwino kwa achinyamata amzindawu. M'mbiri yakhala ikuthandizira anthu osauka akumatauni komanso anthu apakatikati ndi mapulogalamu kuyambira maphunziro ndi malo ogwirira ntchito mpaka malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi malo okhala. Anthu ena amamasulira mawu akuti “YMCA” kutanthauza kuti ma YMCA amangotanthauza “anyamata achikhristu” okha. Osati zoona. Ngakhale dzina lake, YMCA si ya achinyamata okha, osati amuna komanso akhristu okha. Mibadwo yonse, zipembedzo zonse, amuna ndi akazi ndi olandiridwa ku YMCA.

Panopa pali malo asanu a YMCA ku New York omwe amapereka malo ogona kwa alendo osakhalitsa. Nyumba za YMCA zonsezi alendo achimuna ndi aakazi omwe ali ndi chidwi chopeza malo otetezeka, aukhondo, otsika mtengo komanso omwe ali pakati pazipinda za alendo, malo olimbitsa thupi ndi malo odyera.

Zipinda za alendo ku YMCA ndi zipinda za anthu osakwatiwa komanso amapasa (mabedi ogona) okhala ndi zimbudzi zogawana zomwe zili pansi pamakonde. Pali zipinda zocheperako zokhala ndi mabedi awiri ndi zipinda zosambira zapadera pamtengo wowonjezera.

Zothandizira pa ma YMCA onse ndi monga ntchito yosamalira m'nyumba tsiku lililonse, makalasi olimba amagulu aulere, kuphunzitsa mphamvu za Cardio, bwalo la basketball/bwalo lochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, sauna, mapulogalamu a achinyamata, masewera a achinyamata, maphunziro osambira, maloko a zitseko zamagetsi, kuchapa alendo, kusungirako katundu ndi malo odyera.

West Side YMCA - Zipinda 480

YMCA yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi idatsegulidwa kwa anthu Lolemba, Marichi 31, 1930. Idapangidwa ndi Architect Dwight James Baum yemwe adapanga nyumba za 140 kudera la Riverdale kuyambira 1914 mpaka 1939.

West Side Y ili ndi maiwe osambira awiri: dziwe la Pompeiian (75' x 25') lomwe lili ndi matailosi onyezimira a ku Italy. Dziwe laling'ono la Chisipanishi (60' x 20') lili ndi matailosi aku Andalusi amtundu wa buluu wonyezimira wonyezimira wachikasu, mphatso yochokera ku boma la Spain. Y ali ndi malo atatu ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, imodzi yokhala ndi njira yothamanga pamwamba; Mabwalo asanu a mpira wamanja / racquetball / squash, magulu awiri ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, 2,400 sq. Ft. Nyumbayi imakhalanso ndi bokosi laling'ono laling'ono, pomwe sewero la Tennessee William "Chilimwe ndi Utsi" lidawonetsedwa mu 1952.

Chiwerengero chilichonse cha anthu otchuka akhala ku West Side Y pamene akukhazikitsa ntchito zawo; pakati pawo Fred Allen, John Barrrymore, Montgomery Clift, Kirk Douglas, Eddie Duchin, Lee J. Cobb, Douglas Fairbanks, Dave Garroway, Bob Hope, Elia Kazan, Norman Rockwell, Robert Penn Warren ndi Johnny Weismuller.

Kukonzanso kwaposachedwa kwa zipinda zosambira kukuwonetsa kusintha kofunikira komwe kudzakhazikitsidwa pazipinda zotsalira za West Side Y ndipo pamapeto pake ku New York City YMCA. Malo osambira omwe amagawana nawo asinthidwa kukhala zipinda zapadera, aliyense ali ndi shawa yosambira, chimbudzi, beseni losambitsira, kuyatsa bwino, galasi, magetsi, ndowe ndi matailosi atsopano okongola kuchokera pansi mpaka padenga. Zimbudzi zokhoma zachinsinsizi zimafikirika kokha ndi kiyi ya kiyi ya chipinda cha alendo. Zipinda zosambirazi ndizabwinoko kuposa muyezo wa club club.

Vanderbilt YMCA - Zipinda 367

Ili ku East Side ya Manhattan, nyumba ya Vanderbilt Y ili ndi mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri ofanana ndi a oyandikana nawo, omwe akuphatikiza United Nations ndi Grand Central Station. Pakhomo la Vanderbilt Y mawu awa alembedwa mwala: "Railroad Branch Young Mens Christian Association". Idakhazikitsidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wa Cornelius Vanderbilt II mu 1875 pomwe YMCA idakula kwambiri, kufalikira kuchokera ku Manhattan ndi Bronx kupita ku Brooklyn ndi Queens.

Railroad YMCA yatsopano idatsegulidwa mu 1932 pamtengo wa $1.5 miliyoni pa 224 East 47th Street pakati pa Second ndi Third Avenues. Mu 1972 dzina lake linasinthidwa kuti lilemekeze Cornelius Vanderbilt. Nyumbayi ili ndi zipinda za alendo za 367, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira, dziwe losambira lamakono lamayendedwe anayi okhala ndi bolodi la mita imodzi. Pali zipinda zosambira za amuna ndi akazi; zolimbitsa thupi ndi zipinda zolimbitsa thupi; ndi dipatimenti kutikita minofu, dzuwa ndi sauna.

Malo odyera akulu a Vanderbilt, okhala ndi mpweya amakhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa, chamasana ndi chakudya chamadzulo kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu. Malowa amakhala anthu 122 ndipo amapereka chakudya choposa 250,000 pachaka.

Harlem YMCA - Zipinda 226

135th Street YMCA imachokera ku chilimwe cha 1900 chomwe chidadziwika ndi chipwirikiti pakati pa azungu a Harlem ndi Manhattan's Tenderloin chigawo cha Tenderloin chomwe chikukula. M'mbuyomu "wakuda" YMCA idagwira ntchito pa 132 W. 53rd Street mkati mwa San Juan Hill, malo okhala ku Africa America komwe makalabu amafashoni adalimbikitsa moyo waluso ndipo adapatsa chigawochi mbiri yake ngati "Bohemia wakuda". Pakati pa 1910 ndi 1930, anthu akuda a Harlem adachulukitsa kaŵirikaŵiri kupanga gulu lokhalo lalikulu, lotukuka bwino la African American mu fuko.

Julius Rosenwald, wamkulu wamkulu wa Sears, Roebuck ndi Company ku Chicago, adapereka ndalama zokwana $600,000 pazovuta zomangira ma YMCA ndi ma YMCA a anthu aku Africa America m'mizinda yambiri yaku North America. Chimodzi mwa izo chinali 135th Street Y yomwe inatsegulidwa mu 1919 pamtengo wa $375,000. Nthambiyo idadzikhazikitsa mwachangu ngati mzati wa anthu ammudzi ndi zachikhalidwe komanso pa Kubadwanso Kwatsopano kwa Harlem komwe kunayamba m'ma 1920s. Polemba mu TheOutlook, Booker T. Washington ananena kuti mphatso zochokera kwa bwenzi lake Julius Rosenwald kupita ku YMCA “zakhala zothandiza mtundu wanga….m’zimene akuchita kukhutiritsa azungu a dziko lino kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi masukulu adzakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa apolisi; kuti pali nzeru zochulukira pakusunga munthu m’dzenje koposa kuyesa kumpulumutsa atagwa; kuti nkwachikristu ndiponso n’kopanda ndalama zambiri kukonzekeretsa anyamata kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kusiyana ndi kuwalanga atachita upandu.” Pofika m'chaka cha 1940, Harlem Y yoyambirira inali yosakwanira, yodzaza ndi anthu komanso yotha komanso yofunikira malo ophunzirira anyamata, malo ogona omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi malo opangira uphungu kwa zikwi za achinyamata a ku America omwe akufunafuna ntchito ku New York City. “Zovala Zofiyira” Zosakhalitsa, onyamula katundu a Pullman ndi azibambo azigalimoto zodyera, omwe sanaloledwe kugwiritsa ntchito ma YMCA olekanitsidwa a Railroad YMCA, nawonso amafunikira malo ogona. Mu 1933, Harlem YMCA yatsopano inamangidwa ku West 135th Street molunjika kuchokera ku Harlem Y. Mu 1938, idasinthidwanso, ndikutsegulanso ngati Harlem YMCA Jackie Robinson Youth Center.

Malo a chikhalidwe kwa iwo okha, Nthambi inalandira ndi kusunga olemba otchuka monga Richard Wright, Claude McKay, Ralph Ellison, Langston Hughes; ojambula Jacob Lawrence ndi Aaron Douglas; Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Cicely Tyson ndi Paul Robeson. Zaka zapitazo, zipinda 226 za Harlem YMCA nthawi zambiri zinkakhala ndi alendo aku America aku America ndi ochita masewera opita ku New York City omwe sankatha kupeza zipinda zapakati pa mahotela chifukwa cha tsankho.

Kuwotcha YMCA - Zipinda 127

Nzika za Flushing zidasweka mu 1924 kuti Nthambi ya YMCA ku Northern Boulevard pafupi ndi La Guardia Airport itumikire anthu okhala ku Bayside, Douglaston, College Point, Whitestone, Kew Gardens ndi madera ena oyandikana nawo. Nyumbayo yokhala ndi zipinda za alendo 79 inatsegulidwa mu 1926. Kukula kotsatira kunachitika m’zaka ziŵiri zotsatira ndi mabwalo amasewera atsopano, maseŵera othamanga, ndi misasa yachilimwe. Flushing adawonjezera mapiko atsopano okhala ndi dziwe lalikulu la Olimpiki komanso kalabu yamasewera ochita bizinesi mu 1967 ndi 1972, zipinda 48 za alendo.

Greenpoint YMCA - Zipinda 100

Bungwe la Brooklyn Association lidakweza likulu la nyumba zatsopano kudzera mu 1903 Jubilee Fund, ulendo womwe udawonetsa chikumbutso chake cha 50th. Pakati pa 1904 ndi 1907, Association anamaliza nyumba zitatu zatsopano: Eastern District mu Williamsburg; Bedford pakati pa Gates ndi Monroe Streets; ndi Greenpoint. Iliyonse mwa nthambiyi inali ndi dziwe losambira, njanji yothamanga, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, zipinda zamakalabu, malo ochezeramo komanso zipinda zogona alendo. Mu 1918, nthambi ya Greenpoint inawonjezera zipinda ziŵiri zosanjikizana za zipinda zogonamo. M'masiku ake oyambirira, inkadziwika kuti YMCA ya ogwira ntchito chifukwa imayang'ana kwambiri zosowa za ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri apafupi.

William Sloane Memorial YMCA-1,600 Zipinda

Inatsegulidwa mu 1930 pa West Thirty-Fourth Street ndi Ninth Avenue, nyumbayi inamangidwa makamaka kuti itumikire anyamata oposa 100,000 omwe akufunafuna chuma chawo panthawi ya Great Depression komanso zikwi za asilikali, amalinyero ndi apanyanja panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse komanso itatha. Pomalizira pake, mu 1991, Association inatseka Sloane House ndi kugulitsa nyumbayo.

Mu 1979, gulu loimba, la Village People, lidapambana kwambiri mumtundu wa "YMCA", nyimbo ya disco smash. Gululo linalimbikitsa nyimboyi ndi kavinidwe ka anthu komwe kamakhala ndi zizindikiro zamanja zosonyeza zilembo za mutuwo. Izi zidachitika m'ma disco padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kuyambira pamenepo zakhala gawo la chikhalidwe cha pop. Nthawi iliyonse nyimboyo ikaseweredwa pamalo ovina, ndi kubetcha kotetezeka kuti anthu ambiri azichita chizolowezi chovina ndi ma sign amanja a YMCA.

YMCA

“Mnyamata, palibe chifukwa chodandaulira.

Ine ndinati, mnyamata, dzitengere wekha pansi.

Ine ndinati, mnyamata, chifukwa iwe uli mu mzinda watsopano

Palibe chifukwa chokhalira wosasangalala.

Mnyamata, pali malo omwe mungapite.

Ndidati, Mnyamata, ukakhala wamfupi pa mtanda wako.

Mutha kukhala pamenepo, ndipo ndikutsimikiza mupeza

Njira zambiri zokhalira ndi nthawi yabwino.

Ndizosangalatsa kukhala ku YMCA

Ndizosangalatsa kukhala ku YMCA. ”

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