Zaka 60 pambuyo pake: Ngorongoro Conservation Area Shall Not Die

Wodziwika bwino woteteza zachilengedwe ku Germany Pulofesa Bernhard Grzimek ndi mwana wake Michael adamanga msasa pakadali pano Malo Osungira Ngorongoro kumpoto kwa Tanzania kuti alembetse ndikulangiza boma la Tanganyika panthawiyo za malire atsopano a Serengeti National Park ndi Ngorongoro.

Munali m’chaka cha 1959 pamene Prof. Grzimek ndi Michael anakonza zoti pakhazikitsidwe malo 2 a nyama zakuthengo a mu Africawa, omwe tsopano akuwerengedwa ngati zithunzi za alendo ku East Africa.

Kupyolera mu filimu ya Grzimek ndi bukhu, onse otchedwa "Serengeti Shall Not Die," malo awa2 nyama zakutchire kumpoto kwa Tanzania tsopano akukondwerera zaka 60 za kusunga nyama zakutchire, kukoka mazana a zikwi za alendo ochokera m'madera onse a dziko lapansi kuti apite kudera lino la Africa wildlife safaris.

Malo omwe ali ngati maginito oyendera alendo, malo osungira nyama zakuthengo aku Tanzania omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi bungwe la Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) ndiye malo otsogola kwambiri okopa alendo ku Tanzania ndi East Africa.

Zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi chikhazikitsireni, Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority yakhala ikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa ntchito yomwe idatumizidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa UNESCO kulengeza kuti malowa ndi malo osungiramo Man and Biosphere komanso dziko losakanikirana lachilengedwe ndi zikhalidwe.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) yomwe ili m'dera la kumpoto kwa Tanzania la zokopa alendo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsiku la World Tourism Day chaka chino poganizira za udindo wake, zomwe yakwaniritsa, komanso momwe likuyendera pambuyo pa zaka 60 zakhalapo.

NCAA inali mu 1959 inagawanika kuchoka ku Great Serengeti ecosystem kuti aziŵeta ndi alenje osonkhanitsa midzi kuti azikhala ndi nyama zakuthengo.

Abusa a mtundu wa Maasai ndi Datoga komanso alenje a Hadzabe anathamangitsidwa ku Serengeti National Park ndi Maswa Game Reserve kuti akakhale m'madera ambiri a Olduvai Gorge m'nkhalango yaikulu ya nkhalango ndi nkhalango.

Malowa adakhala malo a UNESCO World Heritage mu 1979, Biosphere Reserve mu 1981, komanso malo osakanikirana a Natural and Cultural World Heritage zaka 9 zapitazo.

Zolemba zakale za hominid zoyambira zaka 3.6 miliyoni zili pakati pa malo otchedwa paleontological, of archaeological, and anthropological sites omwe umboni wa sayansi umatsimikizira kuti derali ndilo chiyambi cha anthu.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority ili ndi ntchito yoteteza ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi Chikhalidwe zonse zomwe derali lapatsidwa.

Utsogoleri wa Conservation Area umagwiranso ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ntchito zokopa alendo ndi chitetezo cha abusa ndi anthu osaka nyama omwe amakhala m'deralo.

Zaka XNUMX kuchokera pamene Ngorongoro inakhazikitsidwa, yakhala ikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa ntchito zake, zomwe zachititsa bungwe la UNESCO kulengeza kuti malowa ndi Man and Biosphere Reserve.

Boma lakhazikitsa mwachindunji ntchito zabwino zingapo mkati ndi kunja kwa deralo, kuphatikiza kwa osamalira, otsogolera alendo, ogwira ntchito paulendo, ogulitsa curio, ndi ogulitsa mahotela omwe amapereka alendo ambiri omwe amapita kumeneko tsiku lililonse.

Popeza ili pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 8,300 m’derali, imakhalabe mbali zina za nyumbu, mbidzi, mbawala, ndi nyama zina zimene zimasamuka kupita ku zigwa za kumpoto kwa Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania ndi ku Maasai Mara Game Reserve ku Kenya mpaka pano.

Miyala, malo, ndi zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi ndi zakale za malo okhawo padziko lapansi okhala ndi nyama zakuthengo zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu zakopa alendo 702,000, pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya alendo pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni, omwe adayendera Tanzania chaka chatha.

Chiwerengero cha malo ogona alendo chawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri kuchokera pa 3 m'ma 1970 mpaka 6 mpaka pano komanso misasa yokhazikika yokhala ndi mabedi 820.

Malo ena ogona mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area ndi misasa 6 yokhazikika komanso misasa ya anthu 46 yapadera.

Zogulitsa zawonjezeka kuchokera ku zokopa alendo zachikhalidwe kupita ku kupalasa njinga, kukwera mabaluni a mpweya wotentha ku Ndutu ndi Olduvai Gorge, kukwera pamahatchi, kuwonera mbalame, kuyenda maulendo, ndi kuyendetsa masewera.

Ena mwa anthu otchuka omwe adayendera Ngorongoro Conservation Area ndi Purezidenti wa 42 wa US a Bill Clinton, Mfumukazi ya ku Denmark Magrethe Wachiwiri, Reverend Jesse Jackson, ndi akatswiri amafilimu aku Hollywood Chris Tucker ndi John Wayne.

Ena anali Prince William ndi nthumwi zake zonse zomwe zidapita ku msonkhano wa Leon Sullivan mu 2008 ku Arusha. Zithunzi zina mu Out of Africa yomwe adapambana Oscar ndi John Wayne' Hatari adajambulidwa mderali.

Kupatula malo ake oyendera alendo, Ngorongoro Conservation Area imapatsa alendo alendo zinthu zachikhalidwe kapena zokopa alendo m'nyumba za Amasai kapena maboma amwazikana mderali.

Posachedwapa, oyang'anira akhazikitsa nyumba yapamwamba kwambiri yansanjika 15 yotchedwa Ngorongoro Tourism Centre (NTC) m'boma la Arusha Central Business kuti asamayende bwino ngati bizinesi yokopa alendo ingagwe.

M’zaka 60 zapitazi, oyang’anira akhala akuika ndalama zambiri pa chitukuko cha abusa, kuphatikizapo kupereka maphunziro a pulaimale mpaka ku yunivesite mkati ndi kunja kwa dziko.

Bungweli lakhala likupatsanso maboma am'deralo ndalama zomangira misewu ndi zipatala, kupereka madzi, komanso kupereka chithandizo cha ziweto m'derali.

Malo owonjezera oyendera alendo akhazikitsidwa mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area, ndicholinga chokopa alendo ambiri. Malo atsopanowa akuphatikizapo Olduvai Gorge mkati mwa derali, Muumba Rock pafupi ndi nyanja ya Eyasi m'boma la Karatu, ndi mabwinja a Engaruka m'boma la Monduli.

Olduvai Gorge ngakhale ili mkati mwa dera; Directorate of Antiquities omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira.

Mkulu woona za chitetezo ku Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority Dr. Freddy Manongi wati kukakamizidwa kwa abusa ndi alenje pankhani ya zinthu zachilengedwe kukuvutitsa derali.

Kalembera waposachedwa wa anthu akuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero chawo chakwera kuwirikiza 11 kuchoka pa anthu 8,000 kufika pa anthu 93,136 kuyambira pomwe derali lidakhazikitsidwa zaka 6 zapitazo.

Moyo wasintha kwambiri m'malo otetezedwa makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amaweta ziweto.

Nyumba zokhazikika komanso zamakono zikuchulukirachulukira pakati pa anthu osankhika amitundu ya Amasai ndi Datoga zomwe zikuwononga kukongola kwa derali.

Wolemba, Apolinari Tairo, ndi membala wa Board wa Bungwe la African Tourism Board ndipo amagwira ntchito mu Komiti Yoyang'anira.