Malinga ndi lipoti la 2024 la Annual Safety Report lofalitsidwa ndi International Air Transport Association (IATA), gulu la ndege lawonetsa chaka china chachitetezo choyamikirika, ndikusintha komwe kwadziwika m'ma metrics angapo pa avareji yazaka zisanu; komabe, idatsika kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe zidapezeka mu 2023.
Chiwopsezo chonse cha ngozi chidayima pa 1.13 paulendo wandege miliyoni (zofanana ndi ngozi imodzi pa ndege 880,000 zilizonse), zomwe ndikusintha pa avareji yazaka zisanu za 1.25, koma osati zabwino ngati 1.09 yolembedwa mu 2023.
Mu 2024, panali ngozi zisanu ndi ziwiri zakupha pakati pa ndege zonse zokwana 40.6 miliyoni, zomwe zidakwera kuchokera pa ngozi imodzi yokha yomwe idachitika mu 2023 komanso kupitilira zaka zisanu za ngozi zisanu zakupha.
Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu omwe anaphedwa mu 2024 chinafika ku 244, kukwera kwakukulu kuchokera ku imfa za 72 mu 2023 ndi zaka zisanu zapakati pa 144. Ngakhale kuwonjezeka kumeneku, chiwopsezo cha imfa chinakhalabe chochepa pa 0.06, chomwe chili pansi pa zaka zisanu za 0.10, ngakhale kuti ndi kawiri kawiri 0.03 yomwe inanenedwa mu 2023.
“Ngakhale ngozi zaposachedwa zapaulendo wa pandege, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngozi ndizosowa kwambiri. Panali maulendo 40.6 miliyoni mu 2024 ndi ngozi zisanu ndi ziwiri zakupha. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhani yanthawi yayitali yachitetezo chandege ndi imodzi mwazosintha mosalekeza. Zaka khumi zapitazo, avareji yazaka zisanu (2011-2015) inali ngozi imodzi pamaulendo 456,000 aliwonse. Masiku ano, avareji yazaka zisanu (2020-2024) ndi ngozi imodzi pamaulendo 810,000 aliwonse. Kusintha kumeneku ndi chifukwa tikudziwa kuti imfa iliyonse ndi yochuluka kwambiri. Tikulemekeza kukumbukira moyo wina uliwonse womwe udatayika pangozi ya pandege ndi chifundo chathu chachikulu komanso kutsimikiza mtima kopitilira muyeso kupanga kuwuluka kukhala kotetezeka. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, kusonkhanitsa deta yachitetezo, kuphatikiza lipoti lachitetezo cha 2024, ndiye chida chathu champhamvu kwambiri, "atero a Willie Walsh, Director General wa IATA.
Zidziwitso zazikulu zachitetezo ndi:
- Kuwopsyeza Kuwonjezeka M'madera Omenyana: Kugwa kwaposachedwa kwa ndege ziwiri m'madera omenyana (imodzi ku Kazakhstan zomwe zapha anthu 38 ndipo ina ku Sudan ndi anthu asanu ophedwa) kwasonyeza kufunikira kofunikira kwa Safer Skies. Izi zidakhazikitsidwa kutsatira tsoka la PS752 kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zodzitchinjiriza mumlengalenga omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
- Ngozi Zofala Kwambiri: Mu 2024, kumenyedwa kwa michira ndi maulendo apamtunda kunakhala ngati ngozi zomwe zimanenedwa kawirikawiri, kutsindika kufunikira kokhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika pakunyamuka ndi kutera. Chofunika kwambiri, panalibe zochitika za ndege yoyendetsedwa kumtunda (CFIT).
- Ndege zomwe zikugwira nawo ntchito ya IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA), yomwe imaphatikizapo ndege zonse zokhala membala wa IATA, idanenanso za ngozi za 0.92 pa ndege miliyoni. Chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha ngozi cha 1.70 chomwe chimawonedwa pakati pa onyamula omwe si a IOSA.
Ngozi ndi zochitika zomwe zikuchitika m'madera a mikangano zimagawidwa ngati zochitika zokhudzana ndi chitetezo ndipo motero sizikuphatikizidwa mu lipotili. Ngakhale kuti zochitikazi sizikupezeka muzotetezedwa zomwe zaperekedwa, iwo, pamodzi ndi zochitika zowonjezereka za kusokoneza kwa Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), zikuyimira nkhawa yaikulu ya chitetezo cha ndege chomwe chimafuna mgwirizano wapadziko lonse.
Palibe ndege yamtundu uliwonse yomwe iyenera kukhala chandamale - mwadala kapena mwangozi - pazochitika zankhondo. Maboma akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu, kupititsa patsogolo kugawana nzeru, ndikukhazikitsa ndondomeko zomveka bwino zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti apewe ngozi zotere komanso kuteteza ndege za anthu wamba," adatero Walsh.
Magwiridwe Achitetezo Achigawo
kumpoto kwa Amerika: Mu 2024, derali lidakumana ndi ngozi 12, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziwonjezeke kuchoka pa 1.53 pamiliyoni mu 2023 mpaka 1.20. Chiwerengerochi ndi chotsikanso kuposa avareji yazaka zisanu ya 1.26. Makamaka, chiopsezo cha imfa chakhala chili paziro kuyambira 2020. Mitundu yambiri ya ngozi yomwe inanenedwa mu 2024 inali kumenyedwa kwa mchira, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa njanji ndi maulendo. Ngakhale kuti palibe ngozi zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala zochokera kumlengalenga, kukwera kwanthawi yayitali kwa rocket kumabweretsa zovuta pakuwongolera kayendedwe ka ndege.
Asia-Pacific: Derali lidalemba ngozi zisanu ndi ziwiri mu 2024, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziwonjezeke kuchoka pa 0.92 pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka 1.04 mu 2024, ngakhale idakhala pansi pazaka zisanu za 1.10. Chiwopsezo cha kufa chidakhalabe chokhazikika pa 0.15, chosasinthika kuyambira chaka chatha. Panalibe mtundu umodzi wokha wa ngozi, zomwe zimachitika kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mchira, kuwonongeka kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege, ndi chipwirikiti, pakati pa zina.
Africa: Mu 2024, derali lidanenanso za ngozi 10, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziwonjezeke kuchoka pa 8.36 pa miliyoni miliyoni mu 2023 mpaka 10.59, kupitilira zaka zisanu za 8.46. Africa (AFI) idawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi, komabe ngozi zakufa zidakhalabe paziro kwa chaka chachiwiri chotsatizana. Mitundu ya ngozi yomwe imanenedwa kawirikawiri ndi maulendo apamtunda ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi zida zotera. Makamaka, 40% ya ngozi zonse zokhudzana ndi ogwira ntchito ku AFI zidachitika ndi ndege za turboprop. IATA Focus Africa Initiative, kudzera mu Collaborative Aviation Safety Improvement Program (CASIP), ikupitilizabe kusonkhanitsa zothandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu zachitetezo.
Middle East ndi North Africa: Derali lidakumana ndi ngozi ziwiri mu 2024, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziwonjezeke kuchoka pa ngozi 1.12 pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka 1.08 mu 2024, zomwe zilinso bwino kuposa zaka zisanu za 1.09. Chiwopsezo cha imfa chakhalabe pa zero kuyambira 2019. Ngakhale kuti palibe ngozi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokoneza kwa GNSS, nkhaniyi yakhala yodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri m'deralo.
Commonwealth of States Independent: Mu 2024, derali silinachite ngozi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziziyenda bwino, zomwe zidatsika kuchoka pa ngozi 1.05 pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka ziro. Izi zikuwonetsa kukweza kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi avareji yazaka zisanu ya 2.49. Chiwopsezo cha imfa chakhala chili paziro kuyambira 2022. Komabe, nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kusokoneza kwa GNSS ndi ziwopsezo zachitetezo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mikangano yachigawo zikupitilira kubweretsa zovuta ku chitetezo cha ndege m'derali. Ndikofunikira kumveketsa bwino kuti kugwa kwa ndege ya Azerbaijan Airlines m'malo omenyana mu Disembala 2024 sikunaphatikizidwe m'gulu la ngozi zachitetezo cha lipotili. Kuphatikiza apo, CIS ili ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza ngozi, zomwe zingapangitse kukonzanso kwakukulu mukangopeza zambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa ngozi komanso kuwerengetsera za ngozi.
Europe: Mu 2024, derali lidalemba ngozi zisanu ndi zinayi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi ziwonjezeke pang'ono kuchokera pa 0.95 pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka 1.02. Chiwerengerochi chikugwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha ngozi cha zaka zisanu cha 1.02 m'deralo. Chiwopsezo cha imfa chinakwera kuchoka pa ziro mu 2023 kufika pa 0.03 mu 2024. Ngozi zambiri zinkachitika chifukwa cha kumenyedwa kwa mchira, kutsatiridwa ndi maulendo oyendetsa ndege.
Kumpoto kwa Asia: Derali lidanenanso za ngozi imodzi mu 2024, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi ziwonjezeke pang'ono kuchokera paziro pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka 0.13. Mlingowu ndiwokwera kuposa avareji yazaka zisanu ya ngozi 0.16 pamiliyoni iliyonse. Chiwopsezo cha imfa chakhalabe pa ziro kuyambira 2022. Ngozi yokhayo yokhudzana ndi ogwira ntchito ku North Asia inali yokhudzana ndi kumenyedwa kwa mchira.
Latin America ndi Pacific: Mu 2024, derali lidakumana ndi ngozi zisanu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ngozi zonse ziwonjezeke kuchoka pa ngozi 0.73 pamiliyoni iliyonse mu 2023 mpaka 1.77. Chiwerengerochi ndichokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi avareji yazaka zisanu ya 2.00. Chiwopsezo cha kufa chidakwera kuchoka pa 0.00 mu 2023 mpaka 0.35 mu 2024, ngozi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kumenyedwa kwamchira.
Kupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo Kupyolera mu Malipoti Angozi Ofulumira, Okwanira, komanso Opezeka Pagulu
Malipoti angozi osakwanira kapena ochedwetsedwa amalepheretsa okhudzidwa - kuphatikiza ogwira ntchito, opanga, oyang'anira, ndi othandizira zomangamanga - kupeza zidziwitso zofunika zomwe zingapangitse chitetezo cha ndege. Kufufuza komwe kunachitika ndi IATA pa kafukufuku wa ngozi kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2023 kukuwonetsa kuti 57% yokha ya malipoti awa adamalizidwa ndikusindikizidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi Chicago Convention.
Miyezo yomaliza lipoti ikuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'madera osiyanasiyana, ndipo North Asia ikupeza chiwongola dzanja chachikulu pa 75%, ndikutsatiridwa ndi North America pa 70% ndi Europe pa 66%. Bungwe la Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) likutsatira kwambiri 65%, pomwe Middle East ndi North Africa likunena kuti amaliza 60%. Latin America ndi Caribbean zimayimira 57%, Asia-Pacific pa 53%, ndipo Africa ili kumbuyo kwambiri pa 20%.
"Kufufuza mwangozi ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera chitetezo cha ndege padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti zitheke, malipoti a kafukufuku wa ngozi ayenera kukhala athunthu, opezeka, komanso anthawi yake. Annex 13 ya Msonkhano wa ku Chicago zikuwonekeratu kuti ichi ndi udindo wa boma. Kukwirira malipoti a ngozi pazolinga zandale ndikosavomerezeka. Ndipo ngati mphamvu ndiyolepheretsa, ndiye kuti tifunika kuyesetsa kogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi kuti tithandizire ukadaulo kumayiko omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wofufuza za ngozi," adatero Walsh.
Kuwonjezeka Kwakukulu kwa Kusokoneza kwa GNSS Kukuyimira Chiwopsezo Chowonjezereka ku Chitetezo cha Ndege
Deta yochokera ku IATA Incident Data Exchange (IDX) ikuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi GNSS, zomwe zingathe kusokoneza machitidwe oyendetsa ndege. Ngakhale njira zingapo zosungirako zosungirako zilipo kuti zithandizire chitetezo chandege pazisokonezo zotere, zochitikazi zimakhalabe zowopsa mwadala komanso zosavomerezeka pakuyendetsa ndege. Kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa GNSS kwanenedwa ku Türkiye, Iraq, ndi Egypt.
Pakati pa 2023 ndi 2024, malipoti a kusokoneza kwa GNSS-kuphatikiza kusokonezeka kwa ma siginecha, kupanikizana, ndi spoofing - adakwera kwambiri. Mlingo wa kusokoneza udakwera ndi 175%, pomwe zochitika za GPS spoofing zidakwera ndi 500%.
"Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zochitika zosokoneza za GNSS ndizokhudza kwambiri. Kuyenda modalirika n'kofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe otetezeka komanso achangu oyendetsa ndege. Zomwe maboma ndi othandizira oyendetsa ndege amafunikira kuti asiye mchitidwewu, kuwongolera kuzindikira kwazomwe zikuchitika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndege zili ndi zida zofunikira kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino m'malo onse," adatero Walsh.
