Pokhapokha mutakhala mu a Dziko la Caribbean, palibe njira yofikira kuzilumba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndege ndi/kapena zoyendera madzi. Palibe amene adapezabe ndalama kapena luso la uinjiniya kuti amange misewu, njanji kapena ngalande ngati zolumikizira kuderali; Choncho, chitukuko ndi kukhazikika kwa derali kumadalira mpweya ndi / kapena madzi. Ngakhale kuti zingakhale zovuta kukhulupirira, palibe mgwirizano wokwanira womwe umalamulira ndikuwongolera ndege m'derali.

Vomerezani Kuvomera: Ubwino Wopeza

CARICOM (maboma a Caribbean Community) adalemba mgwirizano wamayiko osiyanasiyana zaka 10 zapitazo ndipo mu 2012 bungwe la Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) linasankha gulu loyendetsa ndege kuti:

Limbikitsani ntchito zoyendetsa ndege mkati ndi pakati pa Caribbean ndi mayiko ena.

Panthawiyo, gululi linatsogoleredwa ndi Ambassador Brian Challenger ndipo pempholi linali kuyembekezera Secretariat ya CARICOM ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti atengepo gawo lomaliza la kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa. Ikavomerezedwa, mgwirizano (ukuyenera) kupereka gawo lokwanira kwa onyamula omwe akugwira ntchito m'derali. Popanda mgwirizano, onyamula kunja kwa dera ali ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa onyamula m'deralo.

Mgwirizano womwe waperekedwawo umakhudzanso kayendetsedwe ka ndege zamkati - mwachitsanzo, chonyamulira chochokera ku St. Lucia adzatha kukwera anthu okwera ku Trinidad ndikuwulukira ku Tobago. Pakadali pano, sizingachitike chifukwa ndiufulu womwe uli ndi chonyamulira cha Trinidad.
Kuphatikiza apo, komiti ya Challenger ikugwira ntchito ndi IATA (International Air Transport Association) kuti ipange kafukufuku kuti awonenso zosintha zomwe zingachitike pochepetsa misonkho pamatikiti a ndege.
Komitiyi idawunikiranso zoletsa zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa oyenda ndi apaulendo chifukwa chachitetezo chambiri mkati mwa OECS.

Apaulendo Pomaliza

Gulu la CTO Aviation Task Force (AFT) likupitilizabe kuwona kuti mapulogalamu owunika chitetezo cha okwera ndi katundu ndi osagwira ntchito komanso ma eyapoti ena am'madera "ndioyipa". Task Force idatsimikizanso kuti kasitomala sizomwe zimayang'ana pa kayendetsedwe ka ndege. Zina zomwe zimakhudza zomwe kasitomala amakumana nazo ndi kusakhalapo kwa ma code share ndi ma interline mapangano ndi malire pakuvomereza mfundo za Open Skies.

Ndalama M'malo mwa Investment

Gulu la CTO Aviation Task Force lapeza kuti zowongolera ndi zofunikira zolowera ndege zatsopano zikuwononga ndalama zoyendera m'chigawocho. Chowonjezera pavutoli ndi kusagwirizana kosagwirizana pakati pa ndege za m'madera komanso kusowa kwa ndege imodzi komanso / kapena mapangano otseguka. Pakati pa kuyang'ana pa chitetezo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho ndi malipiro a boma kuphatikizapo kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito, zolepheretsa kuyenda kwapakati pazigawo zikupitirirabe.

Phatikizani kakulidwe kakang'ono ka ndege zam'deralo komanso kukwera mtengo kosungirako makampani oyendetsa ndege am'deralo kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakale panjira zina ndipo ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake zovuta kukhazikitsa 21^st makampani oyendetsa ndege m'derali ndi ovuta.

Zovuta Zachuma

CTO ATF ikuwonanso kuti maboma ndi atsogoleri amakampani sanapeze mokwanira misika yoyandikana nayo yomwe si yachikhalidwe komanso pali kulumikizana kofooka kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndege kumakampani azokopa alendo. Kuonjezera apo, malonda osauka ndi mwayi wochepa woyendayenda wachigawo umapanga zolepheretsa zina. Zotsatira za ziletso: oyendetsa ndege amavutika kuti apitirizebe kuchita bizinesi, nthawi zambiri amachedwetsa kapena kulephera kupereka malipiro kwa akuluakulu a ndege.

Zabwino kapena Zoyipa

Pakafukufuku waposachedwa wa Kareem Yarde ndi Cristina Jonsson (Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 2016) adatsimikiza kuti "kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti zinthu zomwe zidalipo kale "ziyenera kuthetsedwa" komanso "kuthekera kwa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa mayiko ambiri kumalepheretsedwa ndi kulowerera ndale, osati pazokhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu. .”

Podziwika kuti ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu pamakampani oyendetsa ndege, IATA yapempha maboma ndi anthu ena okhudzidwa ndi ndege za Caribbean kuti agwire ntchito limodzi pamene gawo la msikali limapereka mgwirizano kuderali; popanda ntchito zamakampaniwa, derali silingakhale lokhazikika chifukwa limanyamula pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya zokopa alendo kupita kuderali. Kuphatikiza apo, pakagwa tsoka (ganizirani za mphepo zamkuntho) ndikofunikira kuti munthu apulumuke ndikumanganso.

Employment

Aviation ndi olemba ntchito padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi ndege zaku US zomwe zimapanga US $ 2.4 thililiyoni ndipo zimapereka ntchito 58 miliyoni. Malinga ndi a Peter Cerda, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa IATA, The Americas, m'chigawo cha Caribbean anthu 1.6 miliyoni amagwira ntchito yoyendetsa ndege, ndikupanga $35.9 biliyoni GDP (2016).

FAA imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe oyendetsa ndege ku Caribbean kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo ndikuchita bwino komanso kudzera mu njira yaku Caribbean bungweli limathandizira kukonza kayendedwe ka ndege ku Caribbean kudzera mumaphunziro amderalo ndi ziphaso.

US ndi woyandikana nawo wovuta kwambiri ku US airspace:

Anthu opitilira 7 miliyoni amawuluka kuchokera ku US kupita ku Caribbean chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 17 peresenti ya anthu onse otuluka ku US.
Derali likuyembekezeka kukula ndi 5-6 peresenti pazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, lachiwiri ku Middle East.
Derali limaphatikizapo othandizira 10 oyendetsa ndege omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mayiko odziyimira pawokha. Ndege theka la miliyoni zimadutsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi owulukira oyandikana ndi US.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo ya kumalo otentha komanso kucholowana kwa ma eyapoti ambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusatsimikizika kwanthawi zaulendo wandege komanso kuchedwa mderali.

Makampani oyendetsa ndege ndizovuta zabureaucratic moss zomwe zimaphatikizapo The Caribbean Initiative:

FAA
ICAO
Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO)
American and Caribbean Air Transport Association (ALTA)
Ndege za International Airport (ACI)
Latin American-Caribbean, American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE)
Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse Woyendetsa Ndege (IATA)
Caribbean Partners

Ndi maofesi onsewa ndi zala mumphika - n'zosadabwitsa kuti mgwirizano m'makampani onse oyendetsa ndege ku Caribbean ndizovuta kukwaniritsa.

Ndege. Ng'ombe ya Cash

Maboma ambiri m'derali amachititsidwa khungu ndi ntchito yophatikizika yoyendetsa ndege pazachuma chonse ndipo amawona makampaniwo makamaka (ngati sichoncho) ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa olemera ndipo chifukwa chake amangoyang'ana misonkho yowonjezereka. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti misonkho ndi zolipiritsa sizimayikidwa kuti ziwonjezeke bwino kapena kukulitsa mphamvu za eyapoti/ndege kapena makonzedwe apandege…ndalamazo zimayikidwa kunkhokwe, malinga ndi Peter Cerda waku IATA.

M’chigawo china cha ku Caribbean, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya mtengo wa ulendo wopita ulendo umodzi umapangidwa ndi misonkho ndi zolipirira. Osachepera 10 misika ina yaku Caribbean misonkho ndi chindapusa zimatengera 30 peresenti ya mtengo watikiti. Kwa banja la ana anayi omwe akupita ku Barbados kuchokera ku Europe kapena North America, msonkho ukhoza kuwonjezera $280 pamitengo. Misonkhoyi imakhudzanso anthu oyenda pandege m'chigawo cha Caribbean, ndikuwonjezera $35 pa tikiti iliyonse, kuwonjezereka kovutirapo kwa misika yayifupi komwe magalimoto ali kale pakuthandizira moyo wawo. Kuika chindapusa ndi misonkho yayikulu paulendo wa pandege ndi ndege kumakhudza kwambiri zokopa alendo ndi maulendo abizinesi - maziko azachuma m'maiko ambiri.

Mtengo Wokwera Wochita Bizinesi

Makampani oyendetsa ndege ndi ovuta kulowa komanso okwera mtengo kuwasamalira. Mapangano oletsa ntchito za ndege amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa njira zomwe ndege zingagwire ndikuletsa malonda. Kazembe ndi Mlembi Wamkulu wa Caribbean Community, Irwin LaRocque wati, "Palibe chikaiko kuti mayendedwe otetezeka, ogwira ntchito komanso otsika mtengo m'chigawo chino ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza kwathu madera. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa malo a Mayiko athu omwe ali mamembala, njira yotereyi ndiyofunikira kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chakuyenda kwaulere kwa anthu ndi katundu. Ndikofunikiranso kulimbikitsa mzimu wamagulu pakati pa anthu athu. Zingathandizenso kukula kwa zokopa alendo zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazachuma m'maiko athu omwe ali mamembala. "

Kuthana ndi Mavuto Oyendetsa Ndege ku Caribbean: 4^th Msonkhano Wapachaka wa Caribbean Aviation (CaribAvia)

CaribAvia Meetup idachitika posachedwa ku St. Maarten ndipo opezekapo adalandiridwa pachilumbachi ndi nduna ya zokopa alendo ndi zachuma, zamayendedwe ndi matelefoni, Wolemekezeka Stuart Johnson.

Johnson adapempha kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka mafuta kuti achepetse kuipitsa. Analimbikitsanso kulumikizana kuchokera pachilumba kupita ku chilumba. Poyang'ana zam'tsogolo, Johnson akugwira ntchito kuti avomereze chilolezo cha US ku St. Maartin, kukhazikitsa dzikolo ngati malo oyendetsa ndege.

Msonkhanowu udapangidwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi Cdr. Bud Slabbaert, Wapampando/Woyambitsa Caribbean Aviation Meetup.

Seth Miller (PaxEx.Aero) adanena kuti msonkhanowu udayang'ana pa funso ... "ngati zinthu zakunja zingathandize zilumbazi m'njira yochepetsera chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa ogwira ntchito m'deralo. Mayiko ochepa amafuna kuwona ndege zawo zakunyumba zikuchotsedwa ntchito, koma nkhani yabizinesi yamachitidwe ang'onoang'ono a pachilumba chimodzi ndi yovuta kuvomereza. "

Miller anapitiriza kuti, "Curacao posachedwa idataya InselAir, ndikusiya chilumbachi chikuvutika kuti chigwirizane ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Giselle Hollander, Mtsogoleri wa Magalimoto ndi Magalimoto pachilumbachi….(akuyesa) kuwonetsetsa kuti ndege zake ziwiri zing'onozing'ono zitha kukhala ndi moyo ndikuyenda bwino ndikubwezeretsanso kulumikizana mwachangu….(ndi) akufunitsitsa 'kugwira ntchito limodzi kutsogoloku osati kumenyana …Sikothandiza kugwira ntchito pazathu ndondomeko zathu ngati sizikugwira ntchito mderali.'”

Pafupi

Vincent Vanderpool-Wallace, Principal Partner wa Bedford Baker Group, Nassau, Bahamas, adanena kuti zokopa alendo zapakati pazilumba zitha kuwonjezeka ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zokopa alendo pochepetsa mitengo ya ndege, kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo kwa anthu okhala ku Caribbean.

Ngakhale pamwamba izi zikuwoneka ngati njira yeniyeni yokhazikitsira zokopa alendo monga dera la Caribbean, lomwe lili ndi anthu 44,415,014 (kuyambira pa June 25, 2019), ndi lofanana ndi 0.58 peresenti ya anthu onse padziko lapansi, omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 30.6 zaka.

Zowona zake ndizakuti kupatula (mwina) ku Bahamas, dziko lolemera kwambiri mdera la Caribbean lomwe limalandira ndalama zokwana $21,280 (World Bank Development Report, 2014) ndi Trinidad ndi Tobago ndi ndalama zokwana $17,002 (2019) ), maganizo ake angakhale osaona.

Mayiko ena a m’derali alibe mwayi ngati wa Trinidad ndi Tobago. GDP ya Antigua ndi $12,640; Suriname $8,480; Grenada $7,110; St. Lucia $6,530; Dominican $6,460; St. Vincent ndi Grenadines $6,380; Jamaica $5,140; Belize $4,180 ndi Guyana $3,410.

Ngakhale ziwerengerozi zitha kuwonetsa GDP, sizikuwonetsa ndalama za Discretionary Income pomwe dziko la Dominican Republic likupereka lipoti la $491.37 ndipo Saint Lucia adalengeza $421.11 ngati ndalama zodzifunira.

Kuyambira pa June 20, 2019, ndege yochokera ku St. Maartin (SXM) kupita ku St. Vincent (SVD) idzatenga maola 20, mphindi 20 pamtengo wa $983.00- $1,093.00. Ndi chiyani kwenikweni (ndipo) ndi magwero ndi zothandizira zopezera ndalama zopezera ndalama kuchokera ku Caribbean zomwe zingathe kupita ku matikiti a ndege ndi tchuthi pachilumba choyandikana (pamitengo yamakono ndi maulendo ovuta)?

Kukula Kwachuma

Kuti athe kupeza ndalama zoyendetsera ndege, ambiri amderali akuyenera kuwonjezera mwayi wazachuma ndikupititsa patsogolo kukula kopitilira 6 peresenti. Pali umboni wochepa wowonekera bwino wosonyeza kuti mayiko ambiri m’derali akwaniritsa kukula kumeneku, osasiyapo kuchirikiza.

Mtengo wochitira bizinesi

Vuto linanso paulendo wapaulendo wapazilumba za Caribbean ndi kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito. Mabwalo a ndege ambiri a m'derali ndi okwera mtengo kuti agwiritse ntchito komanso kupereka ndalama zambiri kwa okwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangano oletsa ndege m'maiko ambiri nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa njira zomwe ndege zingayendere.

Malinga ndi a Peter Cerda, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Wachigawo cha IATA, The Americas, derali likhoza kuwonjezera phindu lomwe ndege limapereka koma zitha kuchitika mogwirizana ndi maboma omwe amazindikira kuti kufunikira kwenikweni kwa ndege ndi kulumikizana komwe kumapereka komanso mwayi womwe umapanga, ndipo osati m'malipiro ndi misonkho yomwe ingachotsedwemo.

Maphunziro Ofunika Kuphunzira

PA CaribAvia MeetUp, Robert Ceravolo, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Tropic Ocean Airways (Florida), adalimbikitsa kuti ndege za m'madera azikhazikika komanso kupezeka kwa mwayi wophunzitsa kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi cholinga cha ntchito osati ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, adalimbikitsa mgwirizano wapagulu / wachinsinsi ndi ndege zapanyanja zomwe zingathandize alendo kuti afike mofulumira kumalo okwera kwambiri.

Dr. Sean Gallagan, Associate Dean of Transportation Programs, Broward College (Florida) anayang'ana kwambiri za kufunika kwa ntchito zatsopano zaukadaulo wa theka la miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2036. Gallagan adapereka lingaliro loyambitsa ophunzira aku sekondale ndi aku koleji mwayi wantchito mumakampani oyendetsa ndege aku Caribbean kudzera m'misasa yachilimwe. zokumana nazo ndikupanga mayanjano aboma/zachinsinsi ngati njira yopezera ndalama zamaphunzirowa.

Paula Kraft, Founding Partner, DaVinci Inflight Training Institute, adalimbikitsa maphunziro a ntchito / ntchito m'malo operekera chakudya cha inflight. M'pofunika kudziwitsa anthu za zakudya zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi zakudya komanso zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu (ie, nyama, nsomba za m'nyanja, nkhuku, mkaka, zakudya zosaphika ndi kutentha monga mpunga ndi masamba ophika). Ogwira ntchito ambiri sadziwa kuopsa kogula zinthu komanso kupereka zakudya zosaphika kapena zosakonzedwa bwino komanso sadziwa zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoipitsidwa, komanso ukhondo. Kuonjezera apo, maphunziro a ogwira ntchito m'ndege ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko za Service Protocol kuti apereke thandizo la akatswiri kwa makasitomala.

Mitambo Yotsegula kapena Yotsekedwa

Wokonza za CaribAvia, Cdr. Bud Slabbaert amakayikira zenizeni za Open Skies ndipo akuvomereza kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mawuwa pokambirana za Caribbean airspace monga momwe zimakhalira, "... nthawi yomweyo imatsegula njira zodzitetezera pamene zikuwonekera ngati kuchotsa malamulo ndi kusokoneza boma."

M'malo mwake, mapangano a Open Skies ndi njira zamayiko awiri omwe amakambitsirana pakati pa mayiko, okhudza okwera ndi zonyamula katundu. Onse omwe akukambirana ayenera kuvomereza kuti atsegule misika yawo. Pakalipano, Slabbaert akuwona kuti kufunika kopeza mayiko a 20 + kuti agwirizane ndizovuta; mwina chifukwa choti palibe chomwe chimachitika ndipo "... Msonkhano wina wa Olemekezeka susintha."

Chiyembekezo Springs Chamuyaya

Slabbaert ndi chiyembekezo! Akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa, mayiko opatsa mphotho ndi ndege zomwe zimalonjeza (ndi kutsatira) lingaliro la Open Skies kuperekedwa satifiketi ndi Chisindikizo Chovomerezeka pachaka. Amalimbikitsanso kuyang'ana pa zokopa alendo zapakati pazilumba ndi mayiko omwe akuyesetsa kupeza mayankho omwe angakhale okongola kwa apaulendo. Ndithudi, kuwonjezera misonkho pa matikiti a ndege, mahotela, ndi mbali zina zonse za zokopa alendo si mphoto kwa alendo amene asankha kupita ku “Caribbean Friendly Skies.”

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za CaribAvia, Dinani apa, komanso kuti mudziwe zambiri za Caribbean, Dinani apa.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.

ZOMWE MUNGACHITE PA NKHANIYI:

Phatikizani kakulidwe kakang'ono ka ndege zam'derali komanso kukwera mtengo kosungitsa makampani oyendetsa ndege am'deralo kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakale panjira zina ndipo ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake vuto lokhazikitsa makampani oyendetsa ndege a 21 m'derali ndizovuta.
Kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti zinthu zomwe zidalipo kale "ziyenera kuthetsedwa" komanso "kuthekera kwa mgwirizano womwe ulipo wamayiko ambiri kumalepheretsedwa ndi kulowerera ndale, osati pazokhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu. .
Pakafukufuku waposachedwa wa Kareem Yarde ndi Cristina Jonsson (Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 2016) adatsimikiza kuti "kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kake kuti zisawonongeke.