Spain Ikweza Masewera Ake Vinyo: Zoposa Sangria

Kumwa Mochepa. Mukusangalala nazo Zambiri?

Zovuta Zambiri

Kuphatikiza pakutsika kwa malonda a vinyo, mu 2020 Spain idakumana ndi mayesero atatu: Mildew, Covid 19, ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito. Chinali chaka chonyowa kwambiri, makamaka kumadera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja popeza mvula ya masika inkakumana ndi kutentha kotentha kuposa masiku onse kumapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino kwambiri a mildew. Pambuyo pakuchita khama m'munda wa mpesa vutoli lidakhudza zokolola osati zabwino. Pamapeto pake, nyengo yowuma komanso kutentha kwanyengo yachilimwe kunapangitsa kuti mildew abwerere.

Chinayenera kukhala chaka chopambana kwa vinyo waku Spain wokhala ndi mphesa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa mamiliyoni ndi mamiliyoni a mabotolo owonjezera kunyumba ndi kunja. Komabe, ndi Covid -19 kudatsika kowopsa pakugulitsa vinyo zomwe zidapangitsa kuti boma la Spain lipereke thandizo kwa alimi kuti awononge gawo lambiri yokolola mphesa pachaka.

Poyang'anizana ndi kupanga mopitirira muyeso pamsika womwe ukucheperachepera, ma Euro 90m adaperekedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pakuwononga mbewu, kusungunula mphesa kukhala burande, ndi mowa wakumafakitale. Malire otsika akhazikitsidwa pa kuchuluka kwa vinyo yemwe angapangidwe pa hekitala. Kukolola kwa 2020 kukuyembekezeka kutulutsa ma hectolita 43 miliyoni a vinyo, poyerekeza ndi 37 miliyoni mzaka zaposachedwa. Ngakhale popanda Covid, izi zimaposa zomwe zikufunidwa m'nyumba ndi mayiko akunja a hectoliters 31 miliyoni. Kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, kugulitsa malo odyera kudatsika ndi 65 peresenti, ndipo zogulitsa kunja zidatsika ndi 49 peresenti kuyambira chiyambi cha mliri.

Opanga vinyo sasangalala.

Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa boma la Spain lachedwa kuyankha pamavutowa. Pofika chapakati pa 2020, boma linali litangovomereza 10 peresenti yokha ya zonena zokolola mphesa zobiriwira, mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga mbewu. Chifukwa ogwira ntchito ochokera kumayiko apafupi (Romania ndi North Africa) sanathe kulowa ku Spain panthawi yotseka, zipatso zidasiyidwa kuti ziwole.

Tsogolo Loyera, Rozi ndi Lofiira

Spain ili ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri lamphesa padziko lapansi. Podziwa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe pa viticulture komanso kufunikira kosungira malo kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo idzakhale, opanga mavinyo aku Spain akupanga ndalama zofunikira pakupanga vinyo wa organic ndipo pakali pano ali ndi mahekitala 113,480 a munda wamphesa wotsimikizika (12 peresenti ya munda wamphesa wonse wa dzikolo. ), ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pazachilengedwe za viticulture.

The Spanish Organic Wines anayambitsa anayamba mu 2014 ndipo pali panopa 39 banja wineries monga mamembala ndi cholinga cha mahekitala 160,000 wa minda yamphesa umboni organic ndi 2023. Gululi ladzipereka kuwonjezera phindu kumadera akumaloko, kutsitsimutsa minda ya mpesa ndikusunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi madzi pomwe akupanga vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Zoposa Sangria

Ndikalowa m'sitolo ya vinyo nthawi zambiri ndimapita ku Italy, French, California, kapena Oregon zigawo ndipo mwinamwake, ngati ndili ndi nthawi, ndikufunseni malo a vinyo ochokera ku Israeli. Nthawi zambiri sindimalunjika ku Spain - komanso - Manyazi pa Ine!

Spain ikupanga vinyo wokoma yemwe ndi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso wosandilemetsa pa bajeti yanga.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, vinyo wakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la chikhalidwe cha ku Spain pamene mipesa idaphimba chilumba cha Iberia kuyambira (osachepera) 3000 BC ndi kupanga vinyo kuyambira cha m'ma 1000 BC chifukwa cha amalonda aku Foinike ochokera kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean. Masiku ano kutumizidwa kwa vinyo wa ku Spain ndikofunika kwambiri pachuma cha dziko chifukwa msika wapakhomo ukuchepa ndipo matauni ang'onoang'ono amadalira makampani kuti apeze ntchito.

Kusiyanasiyana

Pakali pano, dziko la Spain lili ndi mipesa yambiri kuposa dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi (13 peresenti ya minda ya mpesa yonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndi 26.5 peresenti ya minda ya mpesa ya ku Ulaya), kumene vinyo wa m’dzikolo amatulutsidwa kuposa dziko la France ndi Italy. Pali zigawo khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyang'anira, ndipo monga nyengo, geology ndi topography zimasinthasintha, momwemonso masitaelo a vinyo aku Spain.

M'minda yamphesa yozizira kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, vinyo ndi wopepuka, wonyezimira, woyera ndipo amasonyezedwa ndi Rias Baixas makamaka Txakoli (wokonda kwambiri). M'madera otentha, ouma, kumtunda kwamtunda - mavinyo ali pakati pa thupi, ofiira opangidwa ndi zipatso (ganizirani Rioja, Ribera del Duero ndi Bierzo). Pafupi ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, vinyo amakhala wolemera kwambiri, komanso wofiyira wamphamvu kwambiri (ie, Jumilla), kupatula m'maboma okwera kumene kutentha pang'ono ndi chinyezi zimalimbikitsa kupanga zofiira zopepuka komanso zonyezimira za Cava. Sherry amalamulira malo ake chifukwa kalembedwe kake kosiyana ndi kopangidwa ndi anthu ndi njira zawo zopangira vinyo m'malo motengera nyengo.

Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, dziko la Spain lasinthiratu bizinesi yake yavinyo zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu komanso kudalirika. Kusintha kwamakono kumalimbikitsidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi boma ndipo dongosolo logawa vinyo m'dzikolo likukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njira zatsopanozi.

Padziko Lonse vs. Msika Wapakhomo

Malinga ndi bungwe la Spanish Wine Association, opanga vinyo ku Spain amatsogola pa kuchuluka kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi, akutsogola potengera kuchuluka kwa vinyo amene amatumizidwa kunja, ndipo achitatu padziko lonse lapansi potengera mtengo wake, kutsatiridwa ndi France ndi Italy. Spain ikhoza kutumiza vinyo wambiri kuposa mayiko ena aku Europe; Komabe, France imagulitsa vinyo wocheperako ndi 33 peresenti koma amapeza ndalama zochulukirapo katatu chifukwa gawo lalikulu la vinyo wa ku Spain amatumizidwa kumayiko otsika mtengo, makamaka ku Europe (mwachitsanzo, France, Germany, Portugal, ndi Italy) komwe mtengo wake ndi wotsika. zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa vinyo wambiri. Maiko omwe amalipira mtengo wapakati (kuphatikiza US., Switzerland, ndi Canada) sanangowonjezera mitengo yawo komanso gawo lawo lonse.

Mu 2019, Spain idatumiza ma hectoliters opitilira 27 miliyoni, kuposa avareji yapachaka pazaka 10 zapitazi. Vinyo ndi chinthu chachinayi chomwe chimatumizidwa kunja ku Spain, kumbuyo kwa nkhumba, zipatso za citrus, ndi mafuta a azitona, ndipo makampani oposa 4000 amatumiza vinyo wawo kunja.

Mu 2020, kumwa vinyo wapanyumba kudatsika mpaka 9.1 miliyoni hectoliters ' (-17 peresenti poyerekeza ndi 2019), zomwe zidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuthetsedwa kwa ziwonetsero ndi zochitika komanso zoletsa m'makampani ochereza alendo. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo cha matenda a Covid-19 chinali chokwera kwambiri ku Madrid ndi Barcelona, ​​​​malo awiri akulu omwe amamwa vinyo.

Zina mwazakudya zomwe zimathetsedwa ndi mahotela ndi malo odyera zidasamutsidwa kukhala zosangalatsa zapakhomo pogula zinthu zomwe zidakwera kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yayikulu yogulitsira ndi 47.5 peresenti yonse. Ndalama zomwe mabanja aku Spain adagwiritsa ntchito pavinyo zidakwera ndi 15.3 peresenti mu 2020, pambuyo pakukula kwa 15.7 peresenti mu 2019.

Kusintha, Kusintha, ndi Kusintha

Gawo la vinyo liyenera kusinthika kuti ligwirizane ndi zomwe ogula amakonda chifukwa akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi thanzi, kukhazikika komanso chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, kusinthaku kumapangitsa kuti anthu azidya kwambiri m'nyumba, athanzi, omwe amadya mphesa zomwe zimabzalidwa bwino komanso zomangidwanso. Malo ogulitsa vinyo ndi ogulitsa tsopano akupanga njira zina zogulitsira monga zobweretsera kunyumba, ndi masamba a e-commerce, kuphatikiza zokumana nazo monga maulendo ndi zokometsera.

Makampani opanga vinyo amathandizanso kusamalira ndi kusunga zachilengedwe, popeza kuti minda yamphesa ikukhalabe ndi moyo imadalira kuteteza mitundu, zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe. Izi ndizovuta makamaka pankhani ya organic viticulture yomwe ikukhala yofunika kwambiri ku Spain. Ndi mahekitala opitilira 121,000 mu 2020, kupitilira 13 peresenti ya minda yonse yamphesa yopanga vinyo akuti organic viticulture imatulutsa matani 441,000, ndikuyika dziko la Spain ngati mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pankhani yopanga vinyo wa organic.

Ulendo wa Vinyo

Chilengedwe chomwe mipesa imakulira ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakulitsa luso lakumwa vinyo. Ichi ndiye tanthauzo la dzina la chipembedzo cha chiyambi (DO), kuphatikiza zonse zogwirika ndi zosaoneka zogwirizana ndi dera la komweko (nyengo, nthaka, mitundu ya mphesa, miyambo, chikhalidwe) zimathandiza kudziwa kuti vinyo aliyense ndi wapadera.

Kukopa kwa vinyo kumapereka chidziwitso chosiyana pakutsatsa kwa vinyo kudzera mukuyendera malo opangira vinyo, masiku a chakudya ndi vinyo, ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Zimaphatikiza vinyo ndi chikhalidwe, zimagwirizana ndi zochitika ndi ntchito za alendo, zimapanga ndalama zamahotela, malo odyera, ndi mabizinesi ena am'deralo ndipo sizikhala zanyengo. Itha kupindulanso ndi zovuta zaumoyo chifukwa ntchito yokopa alendo ndi yosangalatsa kwa anthu omwe akufunafuna malo opanda anthu okhala ndi malo otseguka, komanso kukhudzana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, Dinani apa.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wa magawo anayi womwe umayang'ana kwambiri pa Vinyo waku Spain:

1. Spain ndi Vinyo wake

2. Kulawani Kusiyana: Quality Wines kuchokera mtima wa Europe

3. Cava: Vinyo Wonyezimira Wopangidwa ndi Spain

4. Kuwerenga Label: Baibulo la Chisipanishi

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.

#vinyo