Zimatenga maola 17+ kuwuluka mtunda wa makilomita 7,960 kuchokera/ kupita ku Johannesburg, South Africa, kuchokera ku New York City. Ulendowu ukapangidwa m'kalasi ya aphunzitsi, ichi ndi chisankho chomwe sichimapangidwa mwachisawawa. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kukwera ndege kwachuma kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi yomwe mumakhala pampando wawung'ono pafupifupi tsiku lathunthu, mwayi wokhala wosamasuka umakula mwamawonekedwe.

Kungoyang'ana gawo la mphunzitsi wa South African Airlines SAA (ngakhale opanda anthu), kungayambitse mantha. Zikadzadza ndi okwera ndi makanda, ogwira ntchito ndi ngolo zazakudya, chochitikacho chimapangitsa Usiku Watsopano ku Times Square kuwoneka wopanda kanthu komanso wabata.

Uthenga wabwino wa ulendo wanga wopita kunja unali wakuti ndege ya SAA sinagulitsidwe kotheratu ndipo ndinatha kufalikira pamipando iwiri osamva ngati ndinali thupi lopanikizidwa mu sutikesi.

Nkhani yoipa n’njakuti mipando imene inatsala pamzerewu munali munthu wina wa chimphona chachikulu kwambiri amene ankaganiza kuti mzere wonsewo ndi wake, ndipo anapezerapo mwayi wokhala pampando uliwonse m’kanjirako. Mwamwayi, ndinatha kutenganso malo anga okondedwa pamene ndinapempha thandizo kwa wogwira ntchito pa ndege.

Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta za mipando yandege, kuyenda kudera lonse la Africa sikophweka. Ngakhale kuti Ntchito ya African Union (mayiko 55 a ku Africa) ndikulimbikitsa Africa yamtendere, yotukuka komanso yophatikizana, zochepa zomwe zachitika kuti zikhazikitse ndondomeko yoyendetsera mfundoyi. Ngakhale kuti pulogalamu ya African Aspirations ya 2063 imaphatikizapo zolinga za kukula ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, mgwirizano wa ndale, ndi kuthandizira kwa Pan Africanism ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu komanso cholowa chofanana, kupita patsogolo ndi pang'onopang'ono.

Si nkhani kuti kukula kwa malonda ndi zokopa alendo kumafuna zomangamanga bwino ndi ogwira ntchito pakati pa mayiko. Tsoka ilo, kulumikizana kokwanira kwa nthaka ndi nyanja (kuphatikiza misewu, njanji, ndi nyanja) sikukupezeka. M'mayiko ena (ie, Zimbabwe, South Africa), ochepa mwa ma eyapoti akuyamba kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti agwirizane - koma kusinthika kwa zipangizo zonse kumachedwa kwambiri.

Sizikudziwikanso kuti kuwongolera malire kumasokonekera, kumawoneka kuti kumayendetsedwa ndi anthu osaphunzitsidwa bwino omwe amatengera mphamvu zawo za inde ndi ayi mozama kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo kuwopseza anthu omwe akufuna kuyenda kuchokera kudziko lina kupita ku lina.

Ndalama za Visa zimasiyanasiyana kumayiko ena, ndi zolipira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi waku Canada mosiyana ndi zolipiritsa kwa waku America. Zikuoneka kuti pali kusasinthasintha pang'ono pamadongosolo olipira chindapusa, dziko lina limapempha ndalama kuti lilowe pomwe ena akufuna kuti alowe ndikutuluka m'dzikolo. Kuwunika kwa malipiro kumawoneka kuti kumadalira zofuna za ogwira ntchito osati ndondomeko zokhazikitsidwa ndi zomwe boma likukambirana.

Kusintha kwina ndi ntchito ya mlendo. Anthu omwe amapita kukachita bizinezi kapena kokasangalala amachitiridwa zinthu mosiyana ndipo ndalama zolipirira visa zimawonetsa luso m'malo mongoyang'anira. Kafukufuku kudzera m'maofesi a akazembe aku USA ndi ma consulates asananyamuke samapereka chidziwitso cholondola, nthawi / ngati malangizo alipo.

Brand Africa

Chithunzi chachilendo cha Africa chasokonezedwa ndi umphawi, mikangano, njala, nkhondo, njala, matenda, ndi umbanda komanso zovuta komanso zosokoneza zomangamanga zomwe zimasokoneza apaulendo. Chifukwa malingaliro ndi zenizeni dera limadziletsa misika yambiri yomwe ingathe kuyendera. Ngakhale kuti mabungwe aboma ndi apadera akuyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti agwirizanitse zenizeni ndi malingaliro ndi chidziwitso chomwe chilipo komanso cholondola - kuvomereza kowonekera kwa mikhalidwe (an ennui) kumazindikiridwa ndikuvomerezedwa m'maboma ndi mabungwe apadera.

Kuyang'ana Utsogoleri

Maboma amalankhula za kufunikira kwa chitukuko cha zokopa alendo monga injini yofunika kwambiri yazachuma. Zolankhula zimalembedwa ndi atsogoleri a ku Africa omwe akufuna kuti dziko litukuke pa zokopa alendo monga njira yothetsera umphawi, kupanga ndalama zakunja, ndikuthandizira kuteteza nyama zakutchire; komabe, atsogoleriwa sakupereka zinthu zofunikira kuti apange bizinesi yotheka, ndikusiya kukula m'manja mwa opanga payekha.

Pakalipano, ndalama zokopa alendo zimaperekedwa kudzera mumzere wopapatiza wa zinthu monga nyama zakuthengo ndi malo osungiramo nyama zakutchire kutengera mitundu ingapo (ie, zazikulu zisanu ndi gorilla zakumapiri). Alendo ochita zosangalatsa ali ndi udindo wa pafupifupi 36 peresenti ya msika ndipo apaulendo amabizinesi amayang'anira 25 peresenti ya obwera kumayiko ena ndipo 20 peresenti amanenedwa kuti amayendera anzawo ndi abale. Magulu ena okopa alendo amaphatikizapo kukopa alendo pamasewera, kuyendera chithandizo chamankhwala komanso kupezeka pamisonkhano yayikulu.

Alendo opumula omwe amakhala ndi bajeti yayikulu nthawi zambiri ku Kenya, Seychelles, South Africa ndi Tanzania, pomwe alendo obwera ku niche amatenga nawo mbali pamaulendo apamtunda kapena kudutsa kontinenti ndi zokopa alendo, cholowa chachikhalidwe, kudumpha pansi komanso kuwonera mbalame. Alendo otsika amatha kupita kutchuthi ku Gambia, Kenya, ndi Senegal. Magawo omwe amapeza ndalama zapakati amaphonya chifukwa cha zolakwa zamalonda - apaulendo amawona mtengo waulendo wopita ku Sub-Saharan Africa kukhala wokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi mtengo wake.

Kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikukumana ndi chitukuko ndi / kapena kukulitsa oyang'anira zokopa alendo adzakakamizika kupanga malo okhazikika pazandale, maulamuliro owunikira, chitukuko cha zomangamanga, miyezo yokhazikika yautumiki, chitetezo cha chakudya / madzi, ndi chitetezo chaumwini - zonse zothandizidwa ndi bajeti yokwanira. ndi mapulogalamu olimbikitsa malonda ndi maubwenzi ndi anthu.

Nkhani Zofunika

Mabajeti a Tourism m'maiko ena aku Africa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Zimbabwe, lomwe lili ndi bajeti yapachaka ya National (2016) ya $4.1 biliyoni, inangopereka $500,000 yokha ku zokopa alendo.

Mayiko ochepa kwambiri amatha kuthandizira zokopa alendo popanda zowonjezera zamagulu abizinesi. Kenya ndi Tanzania zimalipira $40-$75 patsiku pa munthu aliyense pamalipiro a paki. Rwanda Wildlife Authority imalipira alendo mpaka $750 pa theka la tsiku kuti atsatire anyani a gorila. Anthu aku Kenya amatenga nawo gawo pamadongosolo amitengo yamitengo ndi nzika komanso okhalamo omwe amalipira zotsika mtengo kuposa alendo akunja ndi akunja.

Tsoka ilo, zolipiritsazi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zokwanira kulipirira zosowa zingapo zamapaki, madera otetezedwa, ndi madera ozungulira. Maboma amafufuza mosalekeza ndalama zowonjezera kuchokera ku mabizinesi omwe angowononga pang'ono, ndikupereka mwayi kwa alendo kuti athandizire kukonza malowa - koma ndalama zomwe amapeza sizokwanira kulipira ndalama.

Ulendo Umafunika Kukonzekera

Ngakhale kuti South Africa ndi malo otchuka, maiko apafupi a Botswana, Zimbabwe, ndi Zambia amapereka mwayi wosangalatsa wa zochitika zapadera zapaulendo; choncho, funso loyamba ndi lakuti “Mukufuna kupita kuti?”

Pokhapokha ngati mwakhala mu Africa ndi/kapena mukudziwa anthu amene akhalapo kapena kugwira ntchito m'dera lino, n'kovuta kwambiri kudziwa kumene kupita ndi mmene kukafika kumeneko. Mosiyana ndi kuyenda kudutsa USA, Europe, Asia, Caribbean ndi Mexico, sikophweka (ndipo osavomerezeka) kuyesa tchuthi ku Africa popanda kukonzekera.

Zokopa alendo zimazindikiridwa ndi maboma a mayiko a SADC kuti akupereka mwayi waukulu wokweza chuma; komabe, kafukufuku wa Robert Cleverdon (2001) apeza kuti "apereka ndalama zochepa zachitukuko" kuti achite izi. Bungwe la SADC Coordinating Unit (tourism protocol) ndi Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa (RETOSA) (bungwe lotsatsa zokopa alendo lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri zamalonda lazaboma) lakhazikitsidwa ndipo mayiko ena akhazikitsa Unduna wa Zokopa alendo. Mayiko ena ochepa akhazikitsa ma board kapena makonsolo azokopa alendo omwe ali ndi mabungwe aboma ndi wabizinesi; komabe, mabungwewa alibe "akuluakulu oyenerera mwaukadaulo kapena odziwa zambiri omwe amafunikira kuti atsogolere, kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira chitukuko cha magawo osiyanasiyana monga zokopa alendo," ndipo Cleverdon akupempha kuti pakhale chitukuko cha maphunziro ndi maphunziro opitilira omwe adzapangitse magulu a akatswiri okopa alendo. m’dziko lililonse. Akuwonetsanso kuti mayiko "a m'derali ... athane ndi vuto lomwe lilipo pomasulira kukonzekera dongosolo kuti likwaniritsidwe" (Cleverdon, 2002).

Mpweya Wosakwanira

Kafukufuku wa Robert Cleverdon ku Southern Africa (2002), adapeza kuti vuto lofikira maiko a SADC ndi limodzi mwamavuto omwe amatchulidwa kawirikawiri akukumana ndi chitukuko cha zokopa alendo. Anatsimikiza kuti maulendo apamlengalenga apakati pazigawo "ndizosakwanira chifukwa kuchuluka kwa zofunikira kunali kosakwanira kupereka chilolezo" chabwinoko. Cleverdon akuwonetsa kuti alendo atha kusankha dera ngati ulendo wopita/kuchokera kumayiko ena utakonzedwa. Mgwirizano wapakati pa zigawo ungathandizenso ntchito zokopa alendo chifukwa alendo ambiri amayenda kudzera ku South Africa ndi maiko ena amapeza kuti izi zikuwononga ndalama zawo zokopa alendo. Alendo oyenda maulendo ataliatali amazolowera maulendo atsiku ndi tsiku ndipo samawona kuti nthawi yomwe ndege ikuyendetsedwera pano ndiyokwanira.

Zosakwanira Zomangamanga

Zokopa alendo zimafunikira zomangamanga zazikulu kwambiri ndipo mayiko ambiri sangakwanitse kupereka ndalama zomanga izi kuchokera ku bajeti yamagulu aboma. "Tanzania ikufunika misewu ya 500km yatsopano kapena yokwezeka kuti zokopa alendo zikule kwambiri," akutero Cleverdon. Kuyang'ana zokopa alendo monga makampani okhawo omwe amapindula ndi misewu yabwino amachepetsa thandizo la ntchito; Chifukwa chake, oyang'anira ntchito zokopa alendo ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi magawo ena onse azachuma kuti ndalama zokulirapo zithandizire ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zomveka zogwirira ntchitoyo.

Kukula Kwa Zachuma

Mayiko ena a mu Africa alibe antchito omwe ali ndi luso loyenera komanso kuchuluka kokwanira kuti azitha kugwira ntchito mokwanira m'mahotela, mafakitole oyendayenda ndi zokopa alendo chifukwa kupambana kwa utsogoleri kumafunikira luso laukadaulo, zilankhulo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Cleverdon akupereka lingaliro lopereka zokopa alendo m'mapulogalamu asukulu kuti adziwitse zamakampani, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi omwe amapanga zisankho zamaphunziro apamwamba azokopa alendo kuti ayambitse masukulu ophunzitsa ndi kuphunzira.

Lamulo ndi Lamulo

Umbava ukupitilizabe kukhala cholumikizira chofooka pamalingaliro olimbikitsa zokopa alendo. Upandu, kuphatikizapo ziwawa zomwe zimachitikira alendo, zimafalitsidwa kwambiri m'manyuzipepala a kumadzulo ndipo zimalepheretsa ntchito zatsopano zokopa alendo. Uwawa umabweretsa kusatsimikizika ndikukayikira chitetezo chandalama mderali. Cleverdon akuwonetsa kufunikira kochepetsa umbanda kudzera pakuzindikira bwino komanso kuwongolera ziwopsezo ndikuphatikiza njirazi pazamalonda zamalo omwe akupita.

Mwa mizinda 10 yapamwamba kwambiri yaumbanda ku Africa:

Rustenberg, SA (85.71 mwa ziwerengero zomwe zingatheke zaumbanda za 100 -Numbeo Report 2015)
Pietermaritzburg, S.A
Johannesburg, SA (Capital of Gauteng province; 91.61 pa 100) - Lipoti la Numbeo kuyambira March 2016). Amadziwika kuti "World Rape Capital".
Durbin, SA (87.89 pa 100; Lipoti la Numbeo Kuyambira pa Marichi 2016). Lipoti la 2014 la bungwe la Mexico Citizens' Council for Public Security and Criminal Justice, Mzinda wa Durban unali pa nambala 38 pakati pa mizinda 50 yachiwawa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Cape Town, SA (82.45 mwa 100 zotheka, Numbeo kuyambira March 2016, chiwonjezeko kuchokera zaka 3 zapitazo)
Port Elizabeth, SA (80.56 mwa 100 zotheka - Numbeo, kuyambira February 2016; Mu 2014, Port Elizabeth adakhala pa # 35 ndi Mexico Citizens' Council for Public Security and Criminal Justice pakati pa mizinda 50 yoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi)
Nairobi, Kenya (Idali pa 78.49 mwa 100 ndi Numbeo kuyambira Marichi 2016).

ndalama

Makampani okopa alendo amadziwika, malinga ndi Cleverdon (2002), ndi ndalama zazikulu zakutsogolo komanso kubweza pang'onopang'ono. Otsatsa ndalama nthawi zambiri amakhamukira kumalo omwe amapereka chitsimikizo chenicheni. Mkhalidwe wandalama m'chigawo cha Southern African Development Community (SADC) ndi wosatsimikizika. Cleverdon watsimikiza kuti kusatsimikizika uku kuli koonekeratu pakukayika kwa osunga ndalama kuti abweretse ntchito pamsika komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zolimba ndi mabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama pazokambirana zokopa alendo. Kafukufuku wake akuwonetsa kuti mapulojekiti a Safe akupita patsogolo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira m'madera monga Gauteng, Western Cape, ndi makampani a casino aku South Africa.

Angathe

Popeza ndabwerako posachedwapa kuchokera ku Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ndi South Africa, n’zachionekere kuti chifuno cha zokopa alendo chikukula. Tsoka ilo, zosintha zamapangidwe zomwe zimafunidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa alendo sizikukula motsatana, ndikusiya mipata m'magawo a ntchito, mayendedwe, ukadaulo, maphunziro ndi ntchito.

Maboma a maiko aku Africa akulimbikitsidwa kuti achitepo kanthu kuti athandizire makampaniwa popereka maziko oyendetsera ntchito omwe angathe kulimbikitsidwa ndi mabungwe wamba. Atsogoleri aboma atha kuwongolera zovutirapo zomwe zilipo kale, kuthandizira anthu okwera ndege, ndikupereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo ndi maphunziro aluso. Utsogoleri wa boma ndi wofunikiranso kuti chitetezo chikhale bwino, chisamaliro chokhazikika chaumoyo, ndi chithandizo china cha zomangamanga.

Mgwirizano uyenera kulimbikitsidwa pakati pa makampani am'deralo ndi ogwira ntchito ku hotelo yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti maphunziro opititsa patsogolo ndi luso logwira ntchito kuchokera kumabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi aperekedwe kwa mabizinesi akumaloko.

Ntchito yomanga mahotela, eyapoti, misewu, ndi njanji ingapereke mwayi wochita ntchito zambiri zovutirapo kudzera muzogula zachindunji. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakumaloko, matekinoloje ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono adzawonjezera mwayi wantchito.

Chitani Masamu. Kafukufuku wamsika

Pali kuchepa kwa kafukufuku wamsika wokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo mdera la Africa. Maboma a ku Africa, mogwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito zachitukuko, ayenera kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira zogwirira ntchito zosonkhanitsa deta zokopa alendo kuti awonetsere bwino zomwe gawoli likuthandizira pa chitukuko cha anthu ndi zachuma. Pakali pano, mayiko ambiri akukumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziwerengero zofunika kwambiri zokopa alendo. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha momwe magawo osiyanasiyana a ntchito zokopa alendo amathandizira pakukula kwake komanso chitukuko chachuma, ndizosatheka kupanga njira yotsatsira nthawi yayitali.

Thandizo la Tourism

Pali mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo ntchito zokopa alendo m'chigawochi chomwe chili ndi zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe. Mayiko ambiri ali koyambirira kwa zokopa alendo ndi chitukuko cha maulendo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale nthawi yabwino yokonzekera ulendo. Zovutazi sizikukhudzana ndi chuma chake chodabwitsa koma ndi zomangamanga ndi kayendetsedwe ka mayiko. Ngakhale pali chidwi chokhazikika, mbali zambiri zomwe sizingalowe m'malo mwa mayiko zikutayika (mwachitsanzo, kudula mitengo, kutayika kwa malo okhala ndi nyama zakuthengo). Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi udzakhala wofunikira pakusintha kulumikizana kwapakati pa Africa komanso maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi ndi zokopa alendo. Titha kuthandiza dzikoli kuteteza chuma chake poyendera dera ndikuthandizira mabizinesi am'deralo.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, Dinani apa.

Wolemba, Dr. Elinor Garely ndi membala wa KutumizaNdondomeko ku New York.