Munkhani yamalamulo apaulendo, tawunika mlandu wa Gardner v. United States of America, Delta Air Lines, Mlandu Nambala 1: 14-cv-00125-JNP-DBP (D. Utah June 8, 2018) momwe Khothi adatinso "Ronald Gardner adasumira a Delta Airlines ndi United States of America potengera momwe amathandizirana ndi oyang'anira ndege ... Gardner (ali) wakhungu (komanso) wosamva bwino ndipo wavala zothandizira kumva (ndipo) anali ndi zaka 59.
Pa Januware 20, 2011, Gardner adakhala mgulu loyamba la ndege ya Delta yochokera ku Washington, DC kupita ku Salt Lake City. Awiri oyendetsa ndege zaboma (FAM1 ndi FAM2) nawonso anali mgululi. FAM1 idakhala kumbuyo kwa Gardner (ndipo) ndi 6 foot 2 mainchesi, ikulemera mapaundi 235, ndipo ndi weightlifter yogwira. Atanyamuka, Gardner adayamba kukhala pampando wake pang'onopang'ono. Anamva kugundidwa kwamphamvu kumbuyo kwa mpando wake ... Patatha mphindi zisanu mpaka khumi, Gardner adayamba kukhazikika pampando wake kachiwiri. Mpando wake udagundidwa kumbuyo kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ...
Gardner adapita ku galley (ndipo adadandaula ndipo) wogwira ndegeyo adawona kuti Gardner 'akunjenjemera', akutuluka thukuta ndikupumira pang'ono ... Woyang'anira wamkulu woyendetsa ndege adayankhula ndi FAM1 (ndipo) [g] ndikutulutsa kusokonezeka kwa FAM1 pokambirana ndi Popeza anali ndi zida, wogwira ndegeyo adayamba kuda nkhawa za Gardner komanso ena onse apaulendo. (Gardner adabwerera pampando wake ndikutsatiridwa ndi FAM1 yemwe) adamugwira pampando wa Gardner ndipo 'adamuwombera' ... Woyang'anira ndege wamkulu uja adakhala pampando wa Gardner, adagwada nati 'Palibe vuto. Ali mumulu wa zoyipa. Ndi gulu lankhondo lanyumba '...
Atatsika, Gardner adadzuka koma adatsekedwa ndi FAM1 nati, “Pepani, ndiyenera kutenga sutikesi yanga '. FAM1 sinasunthe kapena kunena chilichonse poyankha. Gardner adabwereza pempho lake kuti adutse pa FAM1 kangapo, kwa mphindi zitatu FAM1 idangokhala chete osayankhula ... Atalowa mu eyapoti, Gardner adauza wogwira ntchito ku eyapoti ya Delta kuti akufuna kubisala kuti asakumane ndi (FAM1) ”. Chigamulo chachidule chinaperekedwa ku Delta ndi chigamulo chachidule choperekedwa ku US ".
Mlandu wa a Gardner, Khotilo lanena kuti "Gardner adasumira a Delta ndi United States potengera izi (kunena) kuti kukumana kwawo ndi FAM1 zidamupangitsa kuti azidwala matenda osokoneza bongo; nkhawa; kukhumudwa; Nthawi ndi nthawi, nkhawa yokhudzana ndi kuda nkhawa kwa masomphenya otsala omwe ali nawo; mantha; kuopa malo aboma; kusowa tulo; ndi maloto olota obwerezabwereza.
Gardner adadzipereka mwaufulu zifukwa ziwiri zomwe adanenazo poyambirira, kusiya zomwe Delta adachita chifukwa cha (1) kunyalanyaza, (2) kunyalanyaza kupsinjika kwamalingaliro, (3) kuphwanya ntchito ya wonyamula wamba kwa wodutsa wolumala, (4) kuphwanya ntchito kwa alendo amabwera ku bizinesi komanso (5) choyambitsa chomwe Garner akuwona ngati choyankha choyenera ... Gardner adatinso milandu yomwe idatsutsana ndi United States chifukwa cha (1) kunyalanyaza, (2) kupweteketsa dala nkhawa zam'maganizo, (3) kusalabadira kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, (4) kumangidwa kwabodza, (5) kumenyedwa ndi (6) chifukwa chochitira zomwe Gardner adatinso ndiwopambana yemwe akuti ".
Milandu ya Delta Yayimitsidwa
"Federal Aviation Act ya 1958 (FAA) idalamula mabungwe oyendetsa ndege zamagalimoto ... Mu 1978 Congress idasintha FAA ndi Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) ... 'Kuonetsetsa kuti Mayiko asathetseretu kuwonongedwa kwa maboma awo, a ADA idaphatikizaponso mwayi wowombolera ... Zomwe Gardner adatsutsa Delta zidatsimikizika paziphunzitso zitatu zosiyana. Choyamba, Gardner akuti wamkulu woyendetsa ndegeyo adamuuza mosanyinyirika kuti FAM1 ndimayendedwe amlengalenga, zomwe zidamupangitsa kupsinjika ndi kuda nkhawa. Chachiwiri, akuwuza kuti woyang'anira ndegeyo sanathenso kupita naye pa ndege atamupangitsa kuti adikire pampando wake ndikulephera kuchitapo kanthu FAM1 itatseka kanjira. Chachitatu, akuti ogwira ntchito ku Delta alephera kuletsa FAM1 kuti isamutsatire kudzera pa eyapoti.
Zokhudzana Ndi Ntchito ya Delta
Delta ikunena kuti malingaliro onse abwinowa ndi ofanana ndi ntchito ya Delta. Dera lakhumi latanthauzira mawu oti 'service of air carrier' kwambiri: 'Zinthu zonyamula ndege ... zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga kutenga tikiti, njira zokwerera, kupereka chakudya ndi zakumwa, komanso kusamalira katundu, kuwonjezera pa mayendedwe ake'… Potengera tanthauzo la 'ntchito', zomwe Gardner adatsutsa Delta ali ndi 'kulumikizana kapena kunena za' ntchito za Delta ... makhothi ena omwe awunikanso zofananazi atsimikiza kuti adawachotsera mlanduwo ... Khothi, chifukwa chake, latsimikiza kuti kunyalanyaza kwa Gardner pamalingaliro zonena zakuzunzika komanso zonena zake zosasamala zimayimilidwa ".
Zonena Zotsutsana ndi United States
"Umboni, womwe udawonekera bwino kwambiri pazonena za Gardner, ukuwonetsa kuti Gardner atayesera kukhazikika pampando wake katatu, FAM1 idamukankhira patsogolo. Pambuyo pake, FAM1 idagwedeza mpando wa Gardner pomwe adakhala pansi kuti amuopseze. FAM1 amavomereza kuti adapeza kuti Gardner anali wakhungu ndegeyo isanafike. Popeza kuti woyendetsa ndege yemwe anali pafupi ndi Gardner adazindikira kuti wakhumudwa kwambiri ndi zomwe FAM1 idachita, wopezayo atha kunena kuti FAM1 imadziwanso kuti yawopseza Gardner mpaka amanjenjemera, kutuluka thukuta komanso osaya mpweya. Ngakhale timadziwa izi, tidadikirira ndi Gardner (ndipo) [w] nkhuku Gardner akufuna kuyesa kutuluka mundege, FAM1 idamuletsa mwadala poyimirira pamphambano kwa mphindi zitatu. Munthawi imeneyi FAM1 idanyalanyaza zopempha za Gardner kuti asunthire Gardner apite. FAM1 idazunza Gardner kudzera pa eyapoti kuti amuopseze.
Kutsiliza
Potengera izi, wowerengera woyenera atha kunena kuti FAM1 iyenera kuti idazindikira kuti zomwe adachita zimakhudzanso chiopsezo chopangitsa Gardner kukhala ndi nkhawa. Kuphatikiza apo, wofufuza amatha kunena kuti FAM1 ikadazindikira kuti kupwetekaku kumatha kudzetsa matenda kapena kuvulaza thupi. Khotilo, chifukwa chake lidakana lingaliro la United States loti lipereke chigamulo mwachidule pazomwe a Gardner adachita chifukwa chovutika pamaganizidwe a FAM1 ”.
Patricia ndi Tom Dickerson
Wolemba, Thomas A. Dickerson, adamwalira pa Julayi 26, 2018 ali ndi zaka 74. Kudzera mchisomo cha banja lake, eTurboNews akuloledwa kugawana zolemba zake zomwe tili nazo pa fayilo zomwe adatitumizira kuti tizisindikiza sabata iliyonse mtsogolo.
A Hon. Dickerson adapuma pantchito ngati Associate Justice wa Appellate Division, Dipatimenti Yachiwiri ya Khothi Lalikulu ku New York State ndipo adalemba za Travel Law kwa zaka 42 kuphatikiza mabuku ake azamalamulo omwe amasinthidwa pachaka, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Khothi ku US, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018), ndi zolemba zoposa 500 zamalamulo zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku ma nycourts.gov/courts/9jd/taxcertatd.shtml. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pazokhudza zamalamulo apaulendo komanso zomwe zikuchitika, makamaka m'maiko mamembala a EU, onani IFTTA.org.
Werengani zambiri za Justice Dickerson Pano.
Nkhaniyi mwina singatengeredwe popanda chilolezo.
ZOMWE MUNGACHITE PA NKHANIYI:
- Gardner adadzipereka mwaufulu zifukwa ziwiri zomwe adanenazo poyambirira, kusiya zomwe Delta adachita chifukwa cha (1) kunyalanyaza, (2) kunyalanyaza kupsinjika kwamalingaliro, (3) kuphwanya ntchito ya wonyamula wamba kwa wodutsa wolumala, (4) kuphwanya ntchito kwa alendo amabwera ku bizinesi komanso (5) choyambitsa chomwe Garner akuwona ngati choyankha choyenera ... Gardner adatinso milandu yomwe idatsutsana ndi United States chifukwa cha (1) kunyalanyaza, (2) kupweteketsa dala nkhawa zam'maganizo, (3) kusalabadira kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, (4) kumangidwa kwabodza, (5) kumenyedwa ndi (6) chifukwa chochitira zomwe Gardner adatinso ndiwopambana yemwe akuti ".
- Gardner went to the galley (and complained and) the flight attendant noticed that Gardner was ‘literally shaking', sweating and taking shallow breaths…The head flight attendant spoke with FAM1 (and) [g]iven FAM1’s level of agitation during the discussion and the fact that he was armed, the flight attendant became instantly concerned for the welfare of Gardner and all of the other passengers on the flight.
- “The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (FAA) authorized board federal regulation of the airline industry…In 1978 Congress amended the FAA with the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA)…‘To ensure that the States would not undo federal deregulation of their own, the ADA included a preemption provision…Gardner's claims against Delta rest on three separate theories.
