New York Vinyo: Tsoka Pachiyambi
Akatswiri a mbiri yakale analemba kuti mphesa zinayambitsidwa koyamba ku New York ndi Adatchi (1647-1664); n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti mbewu zinalephera. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Afalansa a Huguenot okhala m’chigawo cha Ulster anayesa kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Ulaya (1667) ndipo iwonso sanapambane.
William Robert Prince (1795-1869)
Pomaliza, mu 1816 mphesa ya Isabella idabzalidwa ndi William R. Prince (mbadwa ya Thomas Prince, Kazembe wakale wa Plymouth Colony) ku Linnaean Gardens (Queens, NY) ndi zaka 2 pambuyo pake (1818), Elijah Fay adabzala woyamba. mpesa ku Chautauqua County.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake (1827) munda woyamba wamphesa wamalonda ndi winery mu Hudson Valley unatsegulidwa (wobzalidwa ndi Richard Underhill pa Croton Point pa Hudson River). The Underhill's amawerengedwa kuti ndi mzera woyamba ku America viticulture. Ndi kukula ndi moyo wautali wa minda ya mpesa imeneyi imene imawapatsa ufulu woti adziŵike kuti ndi amene anayambitsa bizinesi yolima vinyo ku New York.
Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake (1829), m'munda wake wa rectory, Wolemekezeka William Bostwick adabzala munda wamphesa woyamba ku Finger Lakes (Hammondsport, NY). Bostwick analimbikitsa anansi ake kubzala mitengo yodulidwa kuchokera ku mipesa yochepa ya Isabella ndi Catawba yomwe amalima.
Komabe, zidatenganso zaka khumi kuti mafakitale avinyo achite malonda ku Hudson Valley. Pomaliza, mu 1839 Jean Jacques anatsegula Blooming Grove (kenako anadzatchedwanso Brotherhood Winery) ndipo pofika 1853 mtundu wa mphesa wa Concord (womwe unayambitsidwa ndi Ephraim Bull wa Concord, NH) unakhala vinyo wotchuka ndi mphesa zapa tebulo. Kampani ya Taylor Wine idalowa mumakampani mu 1880, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Widmer's Wine Cellars mu 1888 - ndikuyika New York pamapu opangira vinyo padziko lonse lapansi. Mabizinesiwa adatulutsa vinyo wonyezimira komanso wotsekemera (kuphatikiza madoko ndi sherry), komanso vinyo wapamatebulo.
Wineries Kukula
The Farm Winery Boom inachitika mu 1960s-1970s ndi amalonda atsopano winery. Zolembazo zinaphatikizapo kampani ya Benmarl Wine ndi Cascade Mountain Vineyard (Hudson River Region), ndi Mipesa ya Bully Hill ndi Vinifera Cellars ya Dr. Konstantin Frank ku Finger Lakes.
The Farm Winery Act (1976) inatsegula chitseko cha umwini ndi ntchito kwa winery kupanga magalasi osachepera 50,000 a vinyo pachaka ndikugulitsa mwachindunji kwa ogula pafamu; Masiku ano, malo opangira vinyo pafamu amatha kutulutsa magaloni 150,000 pachaka ndipo amatha kugulitsa vinyo kumalo odyera, malonda ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa. Pamene Lamuloli linasintha, linalola opanga vinyo kugula mphesa kwa alimi ena a New York ndikugulitsa vinyo wawo mofanana, malinga ngati vinyo amapangidwa ndi 100 peresenti ya New York mphesa.
Mavinyo adapitilira kukula (1976-2017), kufika pafupifupi 405, ndi 302 m'madera odziwika bwino a viticulture: 20 ku Lake Erie, 129 ku Finger Lakes, 62 ku Hudson River Region, 76 ku Long Island, 7 I m'mphepete mwa Niagara. Escarpment ndi 7 mu Champlain Valley of New York ndi 103 wineries m'madera ena a boma.
Nkhani Zofunika
wineries ambiri atsopano ndi ang'onoang'ono, banja-ntchito ndi kuganizira zochepa kupanga umafunika MITUNDU YA NYEMBA tebulo vinyo ndi ndondomeko yonse, kuchokera kubzala mipesa kwa vinyo malonda, kulamulidwa ndi banja. Kuwonjezera pa kupanga vinyo, alendo opita kumalo opangira vinyo amatha kuona maulendo a minda ya mpesa, ndi zokometsera vinyo ndipo mbali iyi yamakampani imakopa alendo okwana 3 miliyoni ku New York chaka chilichonse.
NY Wine Viwanda Lero
Masiku ano, New York ndi dziko lachitatu lomwe limapanga vinyo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo pafupifupi malita 20 miliyoni amapangidwa pachaka. New York ili ndi madera 10 ovomerezeka a viticulture omwe amafananizidwa ndi French, "appellations of origin" ndipo akuphatikizapo Nyanja ya Erie, Niagara Escarpment; Nyanja Zala; Nyanja ya Seneca; Nyanja ya Cayuga; Hudson River, Long Island; The Hampton, Long Island; North Fork ya Long Island; ndi Champlain Valley ku New York.
8th Year NY Drinks NY. Kuyikira Kwambiri pa Msonkhano
Pamwambo waposachedwa wa vinyo ku New York ku New York, akatswiri, ogula, ogulitsa, ndi olemba adakumana kuti aphunzire za mphesa zosakanizidwa zomwe zimamera ku New York State.
NY's Hybrid Grapes
Kodi mphesa yosakanizidwa ndi chiyani? Mphesa zosakanizidwa ndi mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo ya Vitis. Amatchedwanso kuwoloka kwapadera kapena "Zosiyanasiyana Zamakono" ndipo amalekerera kwambiri powdery mildew, matenda ena a fungal, nematodes ndi phylloxera.
New York Hybrid Mphesa Zaperekedwa
Pamwambo wa NY Drinks NY, Sommelier Pascaline Lepeltier, MS ndi viticulturalist Mike Colizzi wa Cornell Agriculture Experiment Stations, Geneva, NY, anapereka mitundu ingapo ya mphesa yosakanizidwa ya New York State, kuphatikizapo:
Vignoles. Yopangidwa ndi JF Ravat, wosakanizidwa wa ku France (1929), Vignole ndi mtanda pakati pa Pinot Noir ndi wosakanizidwa wa Seibel. Makhalidwe a viticulture ndi awa: Mpesa wolimba, wosacha mochedwa komanso wolimba kwambiri; zololera zapakatikati zokhala ndi timagulu tating'ono tating'ono. Komabe, amagwidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi zowola ndipo amatha kupeza "noble rot" yomwe, mwamwayi, imatulutsa vinyo wabwino kwambiri mochedwa.
Vilification: Kuziziritsa, kuwira kwa thanki; palibe nayonso mphamvu ya malolactic; palibe kukalamba kwa mbiya. Vignola's nthawi zonse amatsirizidwa ndi shuga wotsalira 1 peresenti ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kupanga vinyo wotsekemera, wokolola mochedwa. Ma Vignoles amakhala ndi mphuno yachipatso yonunkhira komanso yotentha koma ndi gawo limodzi ndipo acidity yachilengedwe iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso kutsekemera. Mavinyo okolola mochedwa amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la ma apricot.
Kufuna kwa Vignoles kukukulirakulira chifukwa cha mphotho zambiri pamipikisano yayikulu yokolola mochedwa komanso vinyo wa ayezi. Mphesa izi zimatha kupanga mavinyo apamwamba kwambiri patebulo ndipo ogula akuphunzira kuti zimagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yazakudya zaku Mexico ndi Kum'mawa.
Traminette. (Kale ankadziwika kuti NY65.433.13). Mwalamulo ku 4th International Symposium pa Cool Climate Viticulture ndi Enology ku Rochester, NY (July 1996), Traminette ndi zotsatira za mtanda wa Janes Serve 23.146 x Gewurztraminer ndi HC Barrett ku 1965 ku yunivesite ya Illinois.
Poyamba ankafuna kukhala mphesa ya tebulo yokhala ndi maonekedwe a Gewurztraminer, mphesayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lake la vinyo wapamwamba kuphatikizapo zokolola zabwino, kukana pang'ono ku matenda angapo a mafangasi ndi kuzizira kozizira. Ndi mpesa wa vinyo woyera wakumapeto kwa nyengo yapakati pa nyengo yomwe imatulutsa vinyo wodziwika bwino wofanana ndi mmodzi wa makolo ake, Gewurztraminer.
Baco Noir. Monsieur Francois Baco (1865-1947), anali mphunzitsi, akukhala ku Belus, Landes, Armagnac Province, France (kum'mwera kwa Bordeaux). Mitundu ya mphesa yosakanizidwa ya ku France ndi America imapangidwa ngati vinyo wofiira ku NY State.
Chiyambi chake chinayambira mu 1894 pamene Baco anawoloka Follet Blanche (mtundu wa mphesa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga brandies ku Armagnac) ndi membala wosadziwika wa New World's Vitus riparian family (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "riverbank" kapena "riverside" mphesa zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. m’mphepete mwa nyanja ya kum’maŵa kwa North America kuchokera kum’mwera kwa Canada mpaka ku Gulf of Mexico mpaka kumapiri a Rocky). Cholinga chake chinali kupanga mpesa wosamva phylloxera womwe umakhalabe ndi chikhalidwe cha Chifalansa. Baco adabadwa mu 1902 ndipo adatulutsidwa mu malonda mu 1910.
Wopepuka mpaka wapakatikati, wokhala ndi acidity yabwino komanso amakonda nyengo yozizirira, Baco Noir ndi njira yabwino yolima ku Pinot Noir. Ngati Baco yasiyidwa pazikopa zake kwa masiku opitilira 7 pamene ikufufuma - imatha, mosamala, kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yayikulu ngati Bordeaux. Ili ndi kununkhira kwamphamvu komanso konunkhira - mkungudza, fodya, chikopa ndi chokoleti. Kukoma kwa zipatso zovuta kumaphatikizapo yamatcheri wakuda, zipatso zakuda ndi prunes. Ikhozanso kupereka zolemba za zitsamba za tsabola wakuda, licorice, sinamoni ndi bulugamu.
Baco, wopangidwa mopepuka, amakumbukira za Burgundian Pinot Noir yomwe imapereka mphuno yolemera yomwe zipatso zake zimayambitsa kukumbukira ma raspberries ofiira, raspberries wakuda, mabulosi abulu, yamatcheri ndi kupanikizana kwa sitiroberi. Zolemba zazitsamba zimaphatikizapo zokometsera zosasinthika za lavender, tsabola wakuda, timbewu tonunkhira ndi licorice.
Niagara. Uwu ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa khungu lopepuka womwe umamera makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa US, makamaka kudera la Great Lakes Region. Anapangidwa ku NY dziko la Niagara chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 kuchokera ku mitundu ya mphesa ya Concord (mwina mtanda pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Vitis labrusca ndi mitundu yosadziwika ya Vitis vinifera) ndi labrusca Cassady. Vinyo wochokera ku Niagara ndi wopepuka ndipo amapereka fungo la "foxy".
Niagara ndi mphesa yobereka kwambiri yomwe imalimbana ndi nyengo yachisanu, ya ku kontinenti. Itha kupangidwa kukhala mavinyo osiyanasiyana monga Burgundian Pinot Noirs, Bordeaux-monga Cabernet Sauvignons, mavinyo aang'ono opepuka kapena nouveaux, ngakhale rosé. Zimapereka mtundu wakuya, zipatso zambiri za mabulosi ndi maula, ndipo zimapereka acidity yayikulu yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi nyama yowotcha. Imakalambanso bwino.
Marechal Foch. Mphesa ndi mtanda wa Gold Riesling ndi riparia/rupestris wosakanizidwa ndipo wopangidwa ndi Eugene Kuhlmann wa ku Alsace. Makhalidwe a Viticulture akuphatikizapo: kukhwima ndi kukhwima msanga, zokolola zazing'ono mpaka zochepetsetsa zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, otayirira a mphesa za buluu-wakuda. Mitundu yosakanizidwa imeneyi imalimbana ndi matenda ndipo imapirira nyengo yachisanu ngakhale kuti kuphukira koyambirira kumatha kuwononga mphukira ndi chisanu chakumapeto kwa masika.
Kuti mumve zambiri, mudzachezera Newyorkstatewinegrapegrowers.org.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
