Osapusitsidwa.
Kusokonekera, kuphatikizika ndi kuphatikizika kwa ndege zazikulu kudzawonongera okwera ndalama zambiri ndikupangitsa kuyenda kukhala kovutirapo kuposa kale.
Ndi Economics 101: Mpikisano wocheperako umatanthauza mitengo yokwera, kutsika kwa makasitomala, maulendo apandege odzaza ndi anthu, komanso kusokoneza kwakukulu pakachitika mikangano yantchito kapena kukonza.
M'masabata angapo apitawa, mavuto oyendetsa ndege akhala akukulirakulira. Apaulendo 300,000 adayimitsidwa ndege zawo.
Sabata ino yakhala sabata yosangalatsa kwa anthu.
Ndege zopitilira 4,000 zayimitsidwa chifukwa cha zovuta zokonza ndipo ndege zingapo zazing'ono zotsika mtengo zasiya ntchito kapena zasowa: Oasis, Skybus, ATA, Aloha, MAXjet, ndi Frontier.
Zotsatira zake, mpikisano m'mizinda yambiri udzatha ndipo padzakhala kukakamizidwa kwa anthu okwera ndege omwe alipo chifukwa cha kudzaza kwa ndege ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Ndege zamtundu wa America, United, Delta, Northwest, ndi Continental- zikukonza chiwembu chowonjezera kugwirizanitsa. Ndipo ndi mphamvu zazikulu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ku Washington, nthawi zambiri amapeza zomwe akufuna.
Palibe amene amasokoneza ndege zazikulu ku DC. Saloledwa kulephera. Mmodzi wa iwo akalowa m'mavuto, "amakonzanso" ndipo, ndi ngongole zazikulu za federal kuchokera ku Congress, amapitilira monga kale.
Palibe zazikulu ngati izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito kumakampani ang'onoang'ono otsika mtengo.
US ikupita ku cartel ya ndege ziwiri kapena zitatu, zomwe zidzathetseratu zonyamula zotsika mtengo zotsalira - Kumwera chakumadzulo, America West, Air Tran, Jet Blue ndi ena - kutsegula njira yokwera mitengo ya zakuthambo.
Pamene ndege zazikulu zimachotsa mpikisano mumzinda wina, mitengo imakhala yokwera. Lipoti lomwe linaperekedwa zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi dipatimenti yoyendetsa magalimoto lidapeza kuti m'malo olamulidwa, okwera 24.7 miliyoni adalipira, pafupifupi, 41% kuposa anzawo m'misika yomwe ili ndi mpikisano wotsika mtengo. Izi zimathandizira Kafukufuku wa Consumer Reports wa matikiti otsika mtengo okwana 42 miliyoni omwe adagulitsidwa mu 1999, omwe adawonetsa kuti apaulendo opumula akulipira 10% yochulukirapo paulendo wobwereranso wa makilomita 1600 kuchokera kumizinda yamalo achitetezo.
Timadziwa mmene tsogolo lidzaonekera.
Kale, pamene chonyamulira chimodzi chikulamulira msika, mitengo imakwera kwambiri. Oyang'anira maulendo ndi anthu oyendayenda alibe mphamvu zochitira malonda, ndege zimakhala zodzaza nthawi zonse, ndipo ntchito zimasokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wapayunivesite yemwe adachitika zaka zingapo zapitazo, "malo achitetezo" omwe amayendetsedwa ndi Northwest Airlines ku Minneapolis amawononga anthu okwera $456 miliyoni pachaka, kupitilira mtengo wapakati waulendo wofananira nawo kumalo omwe si malo. (Chiwerengerocho lero mwina chikuwirikiza kawiri.)
Chifukwa chiyani? Kumpoto chakumadzulo kumayang'anira 80% ya ndege zochokera ku Minneapolis. Severin Borenstein ku yunivesite ya California, Davis, akuti mtengo wapakati wa tikiti kumpoto chakumadzulo kuchokera kumalo ake omwe amakhalapo anali 38% kuposa momwe dziko lonse limayendera maulendo apaulendo.
Akatswiri azachuma amachitcha "Fortress Hub Premium." Apaulendo akuuluka kuchokera kumalo ena achitetezo (Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Miami, Denver, Houston, Dallas, Detroit, St. Louis, Atlanta, Memphis, Phoenix) akulipira kale izi.
Ngati kuphatikiza komwe kukuyembekezeredwa kupitilira, chifukwa cha kutha kwa ndege zina izi, okwera ndege akutuluka mumzinda wina uliwonse kudutsa dzikolo azilipira zambiri.
Achimerika, United, ndi Delta ali ngati ana amene akupita kuseri kwa khoma la bwalo lamasewera n’kumagaŵira mabwalo awo okha. Popanda mpikisano wotsika mtengo, zimphona zandege zimasunga anthu oyenda.
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito zidalembedwa bwino mu Suti Yotsutsana ndi American Airlines zaka zingapo zapitazo. Akuluakulu a boma adatsutsa kuti American idagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizika kwa mitengo yotsika, kupezeka kwakukulu kwa mipando yotsika mtengo, ndikuwonjezera maulendo apandege kukakamiza ndege zingapo zotsika mtengo -Vanguard, Western Pacific, ndi Sunjet - kuti athetse kapena kuchepetsa ntchito pamsika wa Dallas. Ndege zing'onozing'ono zitathamangitsidwa, aku America adayimitsa maulendo apandege ndikukweza mitengo, zomwe anali omasuka kuchita, popanda chilango, atapatsidwa udindo wawo.
Mchitidwe wankhanza wotere ndichifukwa chake ndege zatsopano zimakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kuti zilowe mumsika. Ndipo ndi chifukwa chomwecho chomwe Kumwera chakumadzulo ndi JetBlue nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kuchokera kumizinda yaying'ono kapena pansi pa eyapoti yothandizidwa: safuna kupikisana mwachindunji ndi ndege zazikulu.
Siziyenera kukhala chotere.
Ku Ulaya, ndege zatsopano zotsika mtengo zakhala zikuyenda bwino. Ryan Air, easyJet, AirBerlin, BMI, WizzAir, Blue Air, Norwegian Air Shuttle, ndi German Wings amapereka mitengo yotsika kwambiri kwa apaulendo opuma (monga London kupita ku Cologne: Yuro imodzi).
Koma kunena zoona, zinthu sizili choncho.
Ngakhale Pangano latsopano la Open Skies, lomwe limalola mwayi wowonjezereka wopita kumizinda yaku America kwa ndege zakunja, lili ndi malonjezano apaulendo wapadziko lonse lapansi, palibe chiyembekezo chokwera ndege zapanyumba. Oyendetsa ndege amalipira kale mitengo yofanana ndi mauthenga apakompyuta. Chipulumutso chamtengo chokha kwa okwera m'zaka zingapo zapitazi chachokera ku zonyamula zoyambira zazing'ono monga ...Kumwera chakumadzulo, Airbus, Frontier…. komanso kuchuluka kwa USAir kutsika poyesa kupikisana ndi ma behemoth. Mpikisano uwu wapangitsa kuti mitengo ikhale yotsika komanso yowonjezera ntchito.
Kuphatikizika kwa ndege ndi chitsanzo cha "kudzikuza kwa ndege zosayendetsedwa ndi kunyalanyaza momveka bwino mfundo za mpikisano" anatero Richard M. Copland, pulezidenti wakale wa ASTA, yemwe amatsutsa mwamphamvu kugwirizanitsa. "Kungakhale vuto lalikulu kwa chiyembekezo chilichonse chopikisana nawo pamakampani oyendetsa ndege."
“Dyera likuwononga dongosolo lathu lamayendedwe la anthu oyendayenda. Ngati mpando uliwonse utadzazidwa, phindu limakhala lonenepa ndipo apaulendo akukwiya, kodi muli ndi mayendedwe amtundu wanji?" Copland anatero. "Ndege zawonetsa ndi njira yawo yoseketsa komanso yodziyimira pawokha kuti palibe chomwe chingasinthe popanda boma kulowererapo."
Oyendetsa ndege amateteza kuzunzidwa kwawo ponena kuti, "Ndi dziko laulere. Msika waulere. " Iwo amalungamitsa zochita zawo ponena kuti akuyenera kuyankha kukakamizidwa kwa msika, kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta ndi kutsika kwamitengo.
Koma kukhala ku America sikutanthauza kuti boma limathandizira, olamulira akuyenera kuloledwa kuphwanya omwe akupikisana nawo. Dongosolo lathu lazachuma la msika waulere limamangidwa pa mpikisano. Ngati ndege zikufuna kuonjezera gawo la msika, anyamata akuluakulu ayenera kupeza ndalamazo popambana bizinesi ndi kukhulupirika kwa makasitomala awo, osati kukwera nawo mpikisano kapena kuwathamangitsa bizinesi ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo komanso ngongole zaboma.
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