Big Guys Avomera Kuyendetsa Kukhazikika Kwandege

Ndege imagwirizanitsa dziko lathu lapansi ndi anthu osunthika komanso osunthika, kutsegula mipata yatsopano yazachuma ndikunyamula chakudya ndi katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Zoyendetsa ndege zimalimbikitsa kumvetsetsa padziko lonse lapansi, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthana kwachikhalidwe ndipo potero zimathandizira kuti pakhale bata.

Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwanyengo kwakhala vuto lalikulu pagulu lathu. Zomwe anthu amakhudzidwa ndi nyengo zimafunikira kuchitapo kanthu m'malo ambiri. Makampani opanga ndege akuchitapo kanthu kale kuti ateteze dziko lapansi ndipo apitilizabe kutero.

Mayendedwe a ndege amathandizira kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide wopangidwa ndi anthu. Makampaniwa adadzikakamiza kuti achepetse net CO₂ utsi ngakhale kufunikira kwa maulendo apandege ndi zoyendera kumakula kwambiri. Kudzera mu Air Transport Action Group (ATAG), makampani oyendetsa ndege adakhala gawo loyamba la mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi kukhala ndi cholinga chofuna: kuchepetsa CO.₂ Kutulutsa mpweya mpaka theka la chaka cha 2005 ndi 2050, ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa net CO.₂ mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pofika chaka cha 2020. Tili m'njira yoti tikwaniritse zomwe talonjeza zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa 2019 kwa pulogalamu ya Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) monga momwe mayiko a International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) adagwirizana.

A Chief Technology Officers a asanu ndi awiri mwa opanga opanga ndege padziko lonse lapansi tsopano akugwira ntchito yofananapo kale kuti awonetsetse kuti makampaniwa akwaniritsa malamulowa komanso ofunikira.

Njira

Pali zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zamatekinoloje pazoyendetsa ndege:

1. Kupitiliza kupanga mapangidwe a ndege ndi injini ndi ukadaulo pofunafuna mosalekeza kukonza bwino kwamafuta ndikuchepetsa CO.₂ mpweya.
2. Kuthandizira kutsatsa kwamafuta okhazikika, amtundu wina wandege. Pafupifupi ndege zamalonda za 185,000 zatsimikizira kale kuti ndege zamasiku ano ndizokonzeka kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
3. Kupanga ukadaulo watsopano wa ndege ndi zoyendetsa ndege komanso matekinoloje ofulumizitsa omwe athandizire 'm'badwo wachitatu' woyendetsa ndege.

Zinthu zina, monga kuyendetsa bwino ndege ndi kuwongolera ndege zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta zilinso ndi gawo lofunikira. Makampani athu awonetsa kupita patsogolo kochepetsera phokoso ndi zovuta zina zachilengedwe ndipo apitilizabe kutero.

Ndege ndi Injini Yopanga ndi Ukadaulo

Kwa zaka 40 zapitazi, ukadaulo wa ndege ndi injini wachepetsa CO₂ utsi ndi avareji ya pachaka yopitilira XNUMX peresenti pa mailosi okwera. Izi zakhala zotsatira za ndalama zazikulu za R&D muzinthu, kuyendetsa bwino kwa ndege, kapangidwe ka digito ndi njira zopangira, chitukuko cha makina a turbomachinery ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa ndege.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kudzera m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana amakampani komanso mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, oyendetsa ndege adzipereka modzifunira kuti akwaniritse zolinga zankhanza zomwe zingapangitse kuti ndege ziziyenda bwino. Zolinga zokhazikitsidwa ndi Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research ku Europe zimafuna kuchepetsa 75 peresenti ya CO.₂, kutsika kwa 90 peresenti mu NO_X ndi 65 peresenti kuchepa kwa phokoso pofika 2050, poyerekeza ndi milingo ya chaka cha 2000.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zowopsazi, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse womwe udakwaniritsidwa kudzera ku ICAO umafuna kuti magwiridwe antchito azamafuta azikhala nawo munjira yotsimikizika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pandege iliyonse.

Takhala odzipereka kukonza mapangidwe a ndege ndi injini zomwe zilipo kale kuti tipitilize njira yoyendetsera bwino momwe tingathere. Momwemonso, timazindikira zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe zili patsogolo pathu komanso kufunika kophatikiza njira za "m'badwo wachitatu".

Kulimbikitsa Kusintha Kwamagetsi: Mafuta Othandizira Aviation

Mayendedwe a ndege apitiliza kudalira mafuta amadzimadzi monga gwero lalikulu lamphamvu zandege zazikulu komanso zazitali mtsogolo muno. Ngakhale pansi paziwonetsero zabwino kwambiri za ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, ndege zamalonda zachigawo ndi zapanjira imodzi zidzapitirizabe kugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndi mafuta a jet kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. Choncho, chitukuko cha Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zobwezerezedwanso m'malo mokhala ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi zinthu zakale zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yolimba, yodalirika yokhazikika ndi gawo lofunikira la tsogolo lokhazikika. Njira zisanu zopangira ma SAF zavomerezedwa kale kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ndikupanga malonda a imodzi mwa njirazi kale. Tikukhulupirira kuti kupititsa patsogolo kuchulukitsitsa kwa njira zonse zogulira malonda, kwinaku ndikupanga njira zina zotsika mtengo, ndiye mfungulo yachipambano. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika kale m'mabungwe ofufuza komanso m'makampani omwe ali m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Chofunikira ndikukula kwa chithandizo chaboma pazachitukuko chaukadaulo, kugulitsa malo opangira zinthu, komanso zolimbikitsa kupanga mafuta padziko lonse lapansi.

Timathandizira mafuta amtundu uliwonse, osasunthika, osasunthika, komanso ogwirizana ndi mafuta omwe alipo kale. Tigwira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe amapanga mafuta, ogwira ntchito, ma eyapoti, mabungwe azachilengedwe ndi mabungwe aboma kuti tibweretse mafutawa muntchito zandege zisanafike chaka cha 2050.

Nthawi Yachitatu Yoyendetsa Ndege

Kuyendetsa ndege kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yake yachitatu, ndikumanga pamaziko oyikidwa ndi abale a Wright ndiopanga zatsopano za Jet Age m'ma 1950. Nthawi yachitatu yopanga ndege imathandizidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwamapangidwe atsopano, maukadaulo apamwamba a injini za thermodynamic, zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi, zamagetsi, luntha lochita kupanga, zida ndi kupanga. Ndege zazikulu zidzayamba kupindula ndi mapangidwe atsopano omwe apititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito poyang'anira kukoka kwa ndege ndikugawa njira zina. Zipangizo zatsopano zithandizira ndege zopepuka, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito.

Ndife okondwa ndi m'badwo wachitatu wamaulendo apa ndege ndipo, ngakhale makampani onse omwe akuyimiridwa ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, tonsefe timayendetsedwa ndikutsimikiza kwakuthandizira kwake pantchito zandege mtsogolo mosasunthika. Tikukhulupirira kuti ndege zikulowa munthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri kuyambira pomwe Jet Age idayamba. Nthawi yachitatu iyi ikulonjeza kusintha kosintha miyoyo padziko lonse lapansi - ndipo ndife okonzeka kuzichita.

Itanani Kuchita: Tiyeni Tipange Lino Tsogolo Limodzi

Tsogolo la ndege ndi lowala. Kuphatikiza pa zoyesayesa zazikulu zomwe gawo lathu likuchita, timadaliranso chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi omwe amapanga mfundo, owongolera ndi maboma akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse izi.

Payenera kukhala kudzipereka kowonjezera pagulu komanso payokha kuti akhazikitse maziko oyendetsera bwino kuti athane ndi zovuta zomwe zikukhudzana ndi ukadaulo wa ndege zomwe zikubwera komanso kuti apereke thandizo lachuma pakufalitsa kwamalonda kwa SAFs. Tikuwona kulumikizana kwakukulu, kozama komanso kopitilira muyeso kudzera ku ICAO kuti tithandizire njira zothandizirana pakukhazikitsa malamulo ndi mabungwe okhazikitsa malamulo ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo. Izi zikuphatikiza US Federal Aviation Administration, European Aviation Safety Agency, ndi Civil Aviation Administration yaku China, Transport Canada, ANAC yaku Brazil ndi ena.

Monga makampani a CTO tadzipereka kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka ndege. Timakhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi ndi gawo lake pakupanga dziko lathu lapansi kukhala lowala komanso lotetezeka. Timakhulupiliranso kwambiri kuti tili ndi njira zopangitsira ndege kukhala zokhazikika komanso kuchita gawo lalikulu kwambiri pagulu lathu.

Grazia Vittadini
Technology Officer Chief
Airbus

Greg Hyslop
Technology Officer Chief
Company Boeing

Bruno Stoufflet
Technology Officer Chief
Dassault Aviation

Eric Ducharme
Chief akatswiri okonza
GE Aviation

Paul Stein
Technology Officer Chief
Rolls-Royce

Stéphane Cueille
Technology Officer Chief
duwa

paul ermenko
Technology Officer Chief
UTC