Pamene American, United ndi US Airways ikukonzekera kuyamba kutolera chindapusa pa katundu aliyense wofufuzidwa, kuphatikiza $30 ulendo wopita kukayang'ana thumba limodzi ndi $50 yozungulira ulendo wobwereza kuti ayang'ane sekondi imodzi, akukonzekeranso kukhazikitsa malire onyamula- pa katundu - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasunthika - ndikuyembekeza kuchepetsa kuchedwa ndi kusokoneza ngati kukwera ndege. Kulimbana ndi makasitomala kungayambike, ndipo zowulutsa zidzachulukitsidwa ndi zilengezo za malamulo a katundu, zomwe zikuwonjezera kukulitsa kwaulendo womwe wayesa kale.
AMR Corp.'s American ndi UAL Corp.'s United idzayimitsa ogwira ntchito m'ndege kapena olembedwa ganyu ogwira ntchito m'makontrakitala polowera m'njira zowonera chitetezo kuti atseke makasitomala opitilira malire a chikwama chimodzi chaching'ono chokwanira kulowa mu bini yakumtunda ndi imodzi " zinthu zaumwini” monga thumba lachikwama kapena chikwama. Izi zitha kuchedwetsa okwera omwe akuyesera kudutsa chitetezo, ndipo kutolera ndalama zolipirira matikiti ndi m'mphepete mwa eyapoti kumatha kupanga mizere yayitali. Kukwera ndege kutha kukhala kocheperako, nawonso, ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu pomwe makasitomala amakulitsa zonyamula kuti apewe chindapusa ndikukankhira kukwera msanga kuti apeze malo m'mabinki apamwamba.
America ikukonzekera kukokera makasitomala pambali pazipata zokwerera ngati ndegeyo ikuganiza kuti ali ndi katundu wambiri, komanso kulengeza za kukula kwake m'zipata ndi ndege. United ikuti ikupangabe mapulani ake, koma itha kuyesa kuyang'ana zikwama zamakasitomala omwe ali m'magulu okwera pambuyo pake asanayambe kukwera ndege zomwe zasungidwa.
Ndege zonse zitatu zimati ndizotheka kuti ma templates achitsulo - omwe amalepheretsa matumba akuluakulu kuti asapangidwe kudzera mu makina a X-ray - adzabwezeretsedwanso. Iyi ndi njira yomwe idakwiyitsa makasitomala ambiri m'mbuyomu ndipo idathetsedwa pomwe Transportation Security Administration idayamba kuyang'anira zigawenga pambuyo pa zigawenga za 2001.
"Ndi zomwe tidaziwona m'mbuyomu ndipo titha kuziyang'ananso," akutero Mark Dupont, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti waku America pakukonzekera ntchito za eyapoti.
United ikufuna kubweretsanso ma templates, akutero Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Scott Dolan, ndi US Airways Group Inc. Purezidenti Scott Kirby akuti kubwereranso kwa ma tempulo akatundu "kutheka" pama eyapoti ena. Ngakhale malo owonetsetsa chitetezo amayang'aniridwa ndi TSA, ndege zimatha kukakamiza bungwe la federal kuti lilole ma tempuleti ngati malo oyendera akugwira ntchito ya ndege imodzi, kapena ndege zingapo zomwe zili ndi mfundo zomwezo pamatemplate.
TSA ikuti "ikuyang'anitsitsa" momwe zinthu zilili ndipo zitha kusuntha antchito ngati pali kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera kumatumba osungidwa kupita kunyamula. Mneneri wa TSA a Christopher White akuti bungweli silinalandirebe zopempha kuti akhazikitsenso ma tempuleti. Kungakhale kugulitsa kovuta. "Kukhazikitsa malire a katundu ndi ntchito yandege," atero a White. "TSA imayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo."
US Airways ikuti iwonjezera ogwira ntchito kuti athandizire pakuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yogulitsira matikiti, koma makasitomala akamasintha ndikuwunika matumba ochepa, vuto liyenera kutha. Mbali imodzi yodetsa nkhawa: Pokhala ndi matumba onyamulira ambiri, ndege zina zomwe zili kale ndi matumba ochuluka omwe amanyamulidwa m'malo onyamula katundu sangakhale ndi malo oikirapo matumba ambiri ngati nkhokwe zam'mwamba zidzadzaza panthawi yonyamuka.
"Malamulo opitilira adzakhazikitsidwa," akutero a Kirby. Ndegeyo ikuyembekeza kuti ndalama zatsopanozi zipangitsa kuti makasitomala azinyamula zinthu zopepuka.
Katundu wocheperako amachepetsa ndalama zamafuta andege pang'ono popeza ndege zolemera zimawotcha mafuta ambiri. US Airways ikuti mtengo wake wamafuta pa munthu aliyense wokwera, kuphatikiza ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi, tsopano pafupifupi $299 pa tikiti yobwerera ndi kubwerera, mogwirizana ndi kuyerekezera komwe kunalembedwa pagawo la Middle Seat sabata yatha. Mtengo wake wapakati paulendo wobwerera ndi wochepera $500, US Airways ikutero.
Izi zimasiya ndege kuti ipange chisankho koma kukakamiza chindapusa, atero mkulu wa US Airways a Douglas Parker. "Tikuganiza kuti ndikusintha komwe kuli koyenera komanso kofunikira," akutero. Ndalamayi idzapitirira pokhapokha ngati US Airways ipeza kuti ogula sangayendetse ndege ndi chikwama choyamba, akutero a Parker. Chotsatira chotheka ndichakuti m'malo mosintha ndege, apaulendo asintha momwe amanyamulira - kukhala ndi zochepa pamaulendo ndikuyika zinthu zambiri momwe angathere m'milandu yopitilira.
Kusintha kwina kochepetsera mtengo: US Airways ikuthetsa ma sodas aulere paulendo wake wandege kuyambira mu Ogasiti. Khofi, madzi a m’mabotolo ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zidzagula $2; zakumwa zoledzeretsa zidzakwezedwa mpaka $7 kuchokera pa $5.
Kwa apaulendo ambiri, chinthu chonyansa kwambiri pa chindapusa cha katunduyo ndi nkhondo yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kuti ipeze malo okhala pamwamba pa bin. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti apeza malo, makasitomala ena amadutsa kale mizere yokwerera. Apaulendo amavutika kuyika matumba akuluakulu m'mabini ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ogwira ntchito m'ndege nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti akuchotsa matumba mundege ndikuyang'ana komwe akupita akadzadza. Zonsezi zitha kuipiraipira, ngakhale oyendetsa ndege akunena kuti ndalama zatsopanozi sizidzasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba zandege kuchokera kwa makasitomala omwe sangathe kupeza malo a matumba awo ololedwa.
Nkhondo za Bin zimatha kuchedwetsa maulendo apandege ndikusiya makasitomala ali okhumudwa. “Ndalama zimenezi zidzangochititsa anthu ambiri kukokera zinthu zawo zonse za m’dzikoli m’nyumba,” akutero Michael Patnode, kasitomala wa ku America wa ku Boston wokwiya ndi chindapusa chatsopanocho. Iye angakonde zokwera zenizeni m'malo mwake. "Bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imawononga ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi ndalama zake imayenera kugwa, ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti ndege zachepetsa mtengo wake mpaka zomwe sizikusangalatsa," akutero.
Bambo Dupont waku America akuti zambiri zomwe ndege yake idalandira kuchokera kwa makasitomala atangolengeza koyamba za chindapusacho zangoyang'ana nkhawa za bwalo la ndege komanso chidziwitso chokwera. American akuti yakonzeka kuthana ndi zosinthazo ndipo ikuyembekeza kuti zolepheretsa sizingapangidwe.
Ntchito yonyamula katundu ya ndegeyo yakhala yovuta kwa miyezi yambiri. M'miyezi inayi yoyambirira ya chaka chino, America yakhala yoyipa kwambiri pakati pa ndege zazikulu zodalirika zonyamula katundu, kusagwira bwino chikwama chimodzi kwa okwera 141 aliwonse, komanso choyipitsitsa pakati pa ndege zonse zaku US pakudalirika kwanthawi. Mu 2007, US Airways yokha inali yoyipa kuposa yaku America pakati pa zonyamulira zazikulu pagulu lanthawi.
Ndalama zoyambira ku America, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku US ndi Canada, zidayamba kugwira ntchito pamatikiti ogulidwa Lamlungu kapena mtsogolo. American akuti izikhudza anthu opitilira 24 miliyoni pachaka, kapena pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a okwera pakhomo. (Pafupifupi theka la makasitomala ake sayang'ana zikwama.) Osankhika okwera ndege pafupipafupi kapena anthu ogula matikiti a makochi okwera mtengo kapena matikiti oyambira kalasi yoyamba saloledwa, monganso apaulendo olumikizana ndi ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi asitikali okhazikika.
Malamulowa ndi ovuta - ngakhale a Dupont adayenera kufufuza atafunsidwa momwe ndalamazo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pa zomwe zimatchedwa makonzedwe a code-share, pamene ndege imodzi imagulitsa mipando ya wina ngati yake. (Malamulo a ndege yoyamba yomwe mumawulukira amagwira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ndege iti yakugulitsani tikiti.)
Zonse zanenedwa, America idzawonjezera ndalama zoposa $ 350 miliyoni pachaka ndi chindapusa. Ndiko kutsika pang'ono kwa mbiya yamafuta, popeza ikuyembekeza kulipira $ 2.6 biliyoni yamafuta chaka chino kuposa chaka cha 2007, koma chonyamuliracho chimati sichinathe kukweza ndalama zokwanira kulipira ndalama zake, kotero ikuyambitsanso ndalama zatsopano.
American akuti ikuyembekeza kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mizere yolowera m'mabwalo a ndege popangitsa kuti ma kiosks ake athe kutolera chindapusa pogwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi. Ma Skycaps, nawonso, azitha kutolera ndalama zonyamula katundu, ndipo ndalama za $ 2 zoyang'anira matumba okhala ndi skycap zidzatsitsidwa.
Pomwe United ndi US Airways onse amafanana ndi chikwama choyamba cha America kumapeto kwa sabata yatha, ndege zina zakana, mpaka pano. Izi zitha kusintha tsiku lililonse, makamaka ngati omwe akupikisana nawo awona makasitomala akulipira popanda kutsika pakugulitsa matikiti. Koma onyamula ena angaone ndalama zoyamba za thumba ngati mwayi wosiyanitsa ntchito panthawi yomwe zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndege za US.
Mwachitsanzo, Continental Airlines Inc., inayesera kudzipatula pa paketiyo popitiriza kupereka chakudya pa ndege pambuyo pa 2001 pamene ndege zina zinali kusintha kugula masangweji ndi zokhwasula-khwasula. Continental idafanana ndi $50 yolipirira ulendo wobwerera poyang'ana kachikwama kachiwiri, koma osati chiwongola dzanja choyamba. Mneneri wina wakana kuyankhapo pazandalama za katundu.
Delta Air Lines Inc. sabata yatha adanena kuti sanakonze zolipiritsa thumba loyamba. "Izi sizingakhale zabwino kwa makasitomala, ndipo zitha kukhala zovuta ngati makasitomala akuyesera kubweretsa katundu wawo wonse mundege," atero a Betsy Talton.
wsj.com
