Tangoganizani lathyathyathya, 430 sq. Km. kadontho ku Caribbean - dzuwa, nyanja, ndi mchenga zikuphatikizidwa - zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zoyera, dziwe lamoto lobiriwira bwino, ndi ma sola adzuwa pamadenga kulikonse. Barbados idzasinthitsatu momwe imakhalira, imagwirira ntchito, ndi kukonzanso - mkati mwa zaka khumi. Koma bwanji kudumpha kwakukulu koteroko? Kupatula kuwonetsa utsogoleri wofuna kusintha kwanyengo, dziko lino lili ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunikira kusintha kotere.
Poyambira, chilumbachi chili ndi maziko ocheperako. Tourism ndiye chinthu chachikulu chotumiza kunja, chomwe chimapanga 40 peresenti ya GDP (yachindunji ndi yosalunjika). Apo ayi, zosankha zopezera ndalama ndizochepa. Izi zimawonjezera kudalira pa kubwereka. Chilumbachi sichimatulutsa chakudya chokwanira ndipo chili ndi mafuta ochepa, gasi, kapena zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa chake mabilu otengera kunja ndi okwera kwambiri. Chuma chaching'ono chotseguka ichi, motero, chili pachifundo cha misika yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zomwe zikuchitika.
Chotsatira, onjezani chitsimikiziro cha pachaka cha nyengo yoipa kuchokera ku mphepo yamkuntho ya Atlantic yomwe ingawononge chuma cha Caribbean, madera, ndi chilengedwe - ndi 200% ya GDP nthawi zina. Kenaka onjezerani kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zidzapangitse kuti machitidwewa akhale amphamvu kwambiri komanso ambiri. Ndichiwopsezo chomwe chilipo kuti Barbados ilibe mwayi wonyalanyaza.
Yankho likufunika lomwe limagwira ntchito zambiri. Imodzi yomwe imalimbikitsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha chakudya, imateteza chilengedwe, imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonongeka ndi nyengo ndi nyengo, ndikukonzanso malo a zachuma kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zachitukuko - kusintha chilumbachi kukhala malo otetezeka. chokhazikika kwambiri Baibulo lokha.
Cholinga chake ndikukhala osalowerera ndale pomwe tikusunga malo otetezedwa, anthu okhazikika, komanso chuma chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika. Kudzipereka uku kumachokera mu National Energy Policy 2019-2030. Pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, Barbados iyesetsa kuchita izi:
• Kukulitsa mphamvu ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (RE), makamaka kuchokera ku magwero a dzuwa, mphepo, ndi biofuel komanso kutulutsa mafuta opangira mafuta.
• Sinthani gulu kuti liziyenda bwino polimbikitsa anthu kuti azitengera kwambiri magalimoto amagetsi kapena ma hybrid (EVs).
• Kupititsa patsogolo kasungidwe ka mphamvu (EC) ndi mphamvu (EE) kupyolera mu magawo a magetsi osagwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yolimbikitsa zinthu zogwira mtima kwambiri.
• Limbikitsani decarbonization, popereka chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi zachuma, ndikukhazikitsa njira zandalama (ndalama, ngongole, kuchotsera msonkho ndi kukhululukidwa, kusakhululukidwa kwa msonkho wakunja).
• Kusintha malamulo ndi kupanga mphamvu kuti pakhale kusintha kwa magetsi.
Zinthu zazikulu zopambana
Ngakhale kuti chilumbachi chikadali koyambirira kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, chikhoza kuzindikira kale zinthu zina zoyendetsera galimoto.
Chilumba chathyathyathya chotentha ngati Barbados ndi malo abwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1970, chilumbachi chakhala chikutsogolera makampani opanga teknoloji ya solar water heat (SWH). Chilumbachi chili ndi (chimodzi) chapamwamba kwambiri cha kukhazikitsa kwa SWH kudutsa Caribbean, kupulumutsa ogula pakati pa USD 11.5-16 miliyoni pachaka. Cholowa cha SWH komanso chidziwitso chimapereka chilimbikitso kuti makampani a solar photovoltaic (PV) atukuke. Msika wokulirapo wamagalimoto amagetsi ku Barbados ndiwolimbikitsanso. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kukwera kwaposachedwa kwamitengo yamafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi kwalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriwira komanso zoyendera.
Zotsatira za utsogoleri wamphamvu wa nyengo ndi chifuniro cha ndale sizingapitirire. Izi zikuwonetsedwa kudera lonse la Barbadian koma tsopano zadziwika kwambiri ndi Prime Minister wawo, Mia Amor Mottley. Adawonekera pabwalo lapadziko lonse lapansi, kulimbikitsa Barbados ndi zilumba zonse zazing'ono, akukumana ndi vuto la nyengo. Chikoka chake komanso chidwi chake pazokambirana zapadziko lonse lapansi zidamupatsa mphotho ya Champion of the Earth for Policy Leadership mu 2021.
Thandizo laukadaulo ndi landalama loperekedwa ndi mabungwe achitukuko a mayiko awiri, mayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso maboma athandiza kwambiri. Kuyambira 2019, Barbados idapindula ndi ndalama zopitilira $ 50 miliyoni zamphamvu kuchokera kwa othandizana nawowa, ndikupereka thandizo lazachuma kuthandiza Barbados pakukhazikitsa mfundo.
Kuti akhazikitse ndondomekoyi, opanga ndondomeko adafufuza mozama, kuphatikizapo zokambirana zingapo m'gawo lonse lazamagetsi ku Barbados mu 2016 ndi 2017, komanso misonkhano yamagulu osiyanasiyana mu 2018. Anagwiritsa ntchito Multi-Criteria Approach (MCA) kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. malingaliro okhudza, kuphatikiza zokonda zopikisana.
Boma la Energy Division ndilo bungwe logwirizanitsa ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha chikhumbochi chimafuna kuti gawo lililonse liphatikizidwe, ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe m'magulu onse a anthu, zachinsinsi, ndi zachitukuko. Ogwira nawo ntchito zachitukuko monga Inter-American Development Bank, Caribbean Development Bank, ndi European Commission nawonso ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti agwirizane ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito.
Pafupifupi zaka zinayi zokhazikitsidwa, zonse zomwe tatchulazi zikuchitika. Ndemanga zanthawi ndi nthawi zimakonzedwa kwa zaka 5 zilizonse momwe zothandizira zimalola kuwunika momwe zikuyendera ndikusintha.
Zomwe taphunzira
Mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kugwa kwa ntchito zokopa alendo zapadziko lonse lapansi kudakhumudwitsa kwambiri ntchito zazachuma zakomweko ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama. Mliriwu udakulitsanso kuchuluka kwa ngongole ku GDP, ndikulepheretsa kubwereka. Kupitilira apo, chifukwa chakukula kwachuma komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, Barbados ndiyongogula ukadaulo pakadali pano, ndipo mtengo wamatekinoloje a RE ndi EV (ndi mtengo wandalama wama projekiti oyika ndalama zanyengo) udakali wokwera. Komabe, dzikolo likupitilizabe kupereka zolimbikitsa zachuma ndi njira zina zothandizira kulimbikitsa ukadaulo pachilumbachi. Barbados ikuzindikiritsanso mwachidwi mwayi wopeza ndalama zothandizira zochitika zina zakusintha kwanyengo.
Pakufunika kulimbikitsanso mabungwe kuti azitsatira mwayi, kuphatikizapo maphunziro ndi kulimbikitsa luso. Komabe, mabungwe aboma ndi abizinesi akhazikitsa mapulogalamu amaphunziro apamwamba ndiukadaulo kuti apange maluso okhudzana ndi RE ndi EV komanso kukulitsa luso la anthu amderalo.
Zambiri za mphamvu ndi mpweya zimafunikira m'magawo ena kuti ayang'anire ndi kuyeza momwe akuyendera, komanso kumaliza GHG ya chilumbachi. Ngakhale kuyang'anira deta kumakhalabe kovuta, pakapita nthawi, mipata ya deta ikutsekedwa. Thandizo lochokera kwa ogwira nawo ntchito padziko lonse lapansi lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri pothandizira kayendetsedwe ka deta kupita patsogolo.
Ngakhale Barbados ikadali ndi njira yopitira, yapanga zina:
Zowoneka bwino komanso zodziwika bwino
• Pali opanga magetsi odziyimira pawokha opitilira 2,000 omwe akupanga 50 MW kuchokera ku mphamvu ya solar - kufikira pafupifupi 20% ya mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa.
• Nyumba za boma zokwana 15+ zakonzedwanso ndi ma solar photo-voltaic systems ndi zipangizo zowotcha mphamvu. Nyumba zina 100 zikukonzekera.
• Ndondomeko yogulira katundu ya boma tsopano ikuyika patsogolo kugula magalimoto amagetsi kapena ma hybrid, ngati kuli kotheka.
• Sitima zapamadzi za boma pakali pano zikuphatikiza mabasi a 49 EV. Mapulani opeza mabasi owonjezera a 10 awonjezera gawo la mabasi amagetsi pagululi mpaka pafupifupi 85%. Ma EV opitilira 350 tsopano ali panjira.
• Magetsi opitilira 24,000 asinthidwa ndi nyali za LED.
• Boma linakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi (polyethylene, polypropylene, kapena mafuta ena).
• A Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Laboratory ndi Solar Classroom Village adakhazikitsidwa ku Samuel Jackman Prescod Institute of Technology kuti aphunzire ndikuwonetsa.
• Maphunziro osachepera 5 aukadaulo ndi apamwamba akupezeka m'malo a Renewable Energy Management, PV Installation, PV Design and Practice, EV Maintenance Fundamentals, pakati pa ena.
• Energy Smart Fund inakhazikitsidwa kuti ipereke thandizo la RE/EE kwa mabizinesi oyenerera. Ndalamayi idapangidwanso ndi ndalama zokwana $ 13.1 miliyoni mu 2022 ndipo idayamba ntchito yayikulu yophunzirira kudzera patsamba lake komanso zochitika zapaintaneti.
• Pulojekiti ya RE yochokera ku Barbados inapatsidwa Mphotho ya 2022 Energy Globe, ndipo Barbados inapambana mphoto 2 za Best Energy Efficiency Project ndi Best E-Mobility Project pa Mphotho ya Viwanda ya 2022 Caribbean Renewable Energy Forum.
