Boeing idakali m'madzi otentha. Pambuyo pa Chiwonetsero chomwe sichinachitikepo Wolemba bungwe la European Union Airline Safety Agency (EASA), wamkulu wa bungweli a Patrick Ky adawonetsa kukayikira zachitetezo cha Boeing/FAA ndipo adalonjeza kuti alimba mtima pochotsa Boeing 737 MAX yakufayo,

FlyersRight.org anapatsidwa kuyankhulana kwapadera.

FlyersRights: Ndi MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System), Boeing akuwoneka kuti awonjezera chitetezo cha envelopu ku 737 MAX. Tikukhulupirira kuti MCAS ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Rockwell-Collins EDFCS-730 autopilot/makompyuta owongolera ndege (FCC). Mapangidwe a 737 MAX FCC akuwoneka ngati akale kwambiri komanso ochepa poyerekeza ndi kamangidwe ka chitetezo cha envelopu ya A320neo. Makamaka m'madera a sensa redundancy, kudzidziwitsa nokha ndi mapulogalamu a heterogeneity (timakhulupirira kuti mapulogalamuwa ndi amodzi).

Kuonjezera apo, filosofi yodzipangira yokha pakati pa 737 ndi A320neo ikuwoneka kuti ikusiyana chifukwa dongosolo la A320neo limapereka mphamvu zambiri kwa oyendetsa ndege, kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ndege, poyankha kulakwitsa kwadongosolo ndi / kapena kulephera. Dongosolo la MCAS silikuwoneka kuti likugwira ntchito mofananamo.

Kodi, ngati zilipo, zingakhudze bwanji njira ya certification ya EASA zomwe zili pamwambapa?

EASA: Ndege imatsimikiziridwa potengera zisonyezo kuti kapangidwe kake kamagwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse zowongolera ndege ndipo mbali zonse ndi zotetezeka. Zofunikira zathu pakuyenda bwino kwa ndege sizoyenera. Kutengera ukadaulo ndi kamangidwe kakachitidwe kakagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndege zimatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zachitetezo mosiyana. Chifukwa chake, sitingafanizire ndege wina ndi mnzake, m'malo mwake tiziwunika momwe zimayendera zomwe zikufunika.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mndandanda wa zida zazing'ono zamtundu wa A320 sulola kuwuluka ngati ma heater amakona atatu akuwukira sakugwira ntchito. Mndandanda wa zida zazing'ono za 737 MAX zikuwoneka kuti zimaloleza kuwuluka ngati mbali ziwiri za ma sensor zotenthetsera sizikugwira ntchito.

FR: Kukhazikika kwa 737 MAX kukhazikika kwa airframe yokhala ndi MCAS yolemala sikudziwika. Ngati EASA iwona kuti 737 MAX airframe ndiyosakhazikika ndi MCAS yolemala, kodi izi zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zotani pa maphunziro oyendetsa ndege? Makamaka, kodi kulephera kwa MCAS mu ndege kungakhale vuto ladzidzidzi?

Kodi, ngati zilipo, zingakhudze bwanji njira ya certification ya EASA zomwe zili pamwambapa?

EASA: Kukhazikika kwautali wandege kumatengera zofunikira pakuyenda ndege. Boeing ikuyenera kuwonetsa kuti ikutsatira mawonekedwe a ndege a 737 MAX ndi izi. Zotsatira za kulephera kwa machitidwe omwe angakhudze kukhazikika kwa ndege ziyenera kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka zowunikira chitetezo komanso malinga ndi zofunikira za ndege. Zofunikira zophunzitsira oyendetsa ndege siziyenera kubweza mamangidwe osavomerezeka pakutsatira ndi chitetezo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti Boeing adadzitsimikizira okha kapena kwathunthu kudzitsimikizira yekha 737 MAX airframe, kuphatikiza pulogalamu yapakompyuta yowongolera ndege, pansi pa pulogalamu ya FAA's Organisation Designation Authorization (ODA).

FR: Kodi EASA ili ndi malingaliro otani pankhani yodzitsimikizira? Kupita mtsogolo, kodi EASA idzawona kuyenera kwa ndege za US zovomerezeka pansi pa dongosolo la ODA kukhala lofanana ndi ndege zotsimikiziridwa ndi FAA, pogwiritsa ntchito antchito ake?

EASA: Kufufuza kwina kukupitilira pamayendedwe a certification omwe amatsatiridwa ndi FAA pankhani ya B737 MAX. EASA sikufuna kuyankhapo pa "kudzizindikiritsa" kapena pamlingo wa nthumwi ku Boeing zomwe FAA yapereka.

FR: Boeing ndi gulu la alangizi aku US atenga malingaliro akuti kusintha kwa mapulogalamu okha ndikofunikira. Mwachindunji, kuti pasakhale kusintha kwa hardware, kusapanganso ndege komanso kusaphunzitsidwanso kwa oyendetsa ndege pa zoyeseza zoyenda zonse za MAX ndikofunikira kuti avumbulutse ndegeyo. Kodi EASA ikuvomereza?

EASA: Kuwunika kwathu kwapangidwe sikunamalizidwe pano ndipo sitinafike pomaliza pankhaniyi.

FR: Tikumvetsetsa kuti MCAS ndi makina oyendetsa ndege samangogwiritsidwa ntchito pakachitika ngozi, koma nthawi zonse amayendetsa ndege ndikubisa kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe pamapangidwewo. Sizikudziwika ngati machitidwewa ndi olemala kapena azimitsidwa. Zidzakhala zovuta bwanji kuti oyendetsa ndege aziwulutsa MAX pamanja popanda makina awa?

Kodi EASA idzayesa MAX pogwiritsa ntchito oyendetsa ndege omwe ali ndi MCAS ndi ndege zozimitsa, kapena kudalira kuyesa kwa Boeing ndi FAA?

EASA: EASA yakhazikitsa zofunikira pakuwunika kwa ndege ndi zoyeserera zomwe zili ndi mfundo 70 zoyesedwa kuti ziwunikidwe, zomwe zikukhudza zonse zomwe zikuchitika komanso zachilendo. Kuwunika koyeserera kunachitika mu June ndi Julayi.

Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri ndi mayeso oyendetsa ndege opangidwa ndi EASA pa Boeing 737 MAX yosinthidwa yomwe ikhala sabata yathunthu.

FR: Pamsonkhano wa June 19th US Congressional House Aviation Subcommittee pa 737 MAX, Captains Sullenberger, woyendetsa ndege wamkulu wa American Airline ndi mutu wa mgwirizano Dan Carey ndi Randy Babbitt, mtsogoleri wakale wa FAA komanso woyendetsa ndege wodziwa bwino ntchito, onse adachitira umboni kuti maphunziro oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege amafunika. kuti FAA ndi makampani a ndege achepetsa maphunziro oyendetsa ndege, omwe oyendetsa ndege amafunikira kudziwa zadzidzidzi pafupifupi 100 ndipo malangizo amanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi oyendetsa ndege omwe akuchita ntchito zomwe sizingachitike.

Kodi EASA ili ndi udindo wotani pa maphunziro oyendetsa oyendetsa ndege pazochitika zadzidzidzi?

EASA: Ndemanga yathu ya zofunikira zophunzitsira oyendetsa ndege sizinakwaniritsidwe panobe ndipo sitinafike pomaliza pankhaniyi.

FR: MAX sanavoteredwe kuti agwiritse ntchito malo okwera ndege m'nyengo yotentha, koma adaloledwa kunyamuka pa eyapoti yotere ku Ethiopia pogwiritsa ntchito msewu wautali kwambiri womwe unapangitsa kuti ndegeyo isathe kuwongolera pamanja ngozi ya Marichi 10.

Kodi EASA ili pati, ngati ilipo, pa zoletsa ndege panyengo yotentha makamaka pama eyapoti okwera kwambiri?

EASA: Kufufuza za ngoziyi kuli mkati ndipo sitikufuna kuyankhapo ndemanga pankhaniyi. Ndege zimatsimikiziridwa ndi envelopu yogwira ntchito komanso zolepheretsa nyengo ndi kutalika kwa bwalo la ndege kuti zinyamuke.

FR: Pali zoyeserera zochepa kwambiri za MAX zoyenda zonse, koma zoyeserera zambiri za Regular 737. Sizikudziwika ngati zoyeserera zanthawi zonse za 737 zitha kusinthidwa kuti zitsanzire MAX.

Kodi EASA kapena Bambo Ky ali ndi maganizo pa izi? Ngati sichoncho, kodi EASA ikukonzekera kuchita chiyani kuti awonetsetse kuti oyendetsa ndege onse a MAX akufunika komanso maphunziro oyeserera oyeserera?

EASA: Maphunziro a oyendetsa ndege safuna nthawi zophunzitsira za zoyeserera za ndege zomwe zimatengera mtundu wa ndege. Si zachilendo kuti, malingana ndi kusiyana pakati pa zitsanzo ziwiri, ogwira ntchito pa ndege amaphunzitsidwa pa simulator yoyendetsa ndege osati yeniyeni ya chitsanzo (pamenepa idzakhala B737 NG ndege yoyendetsa ndege) ndiyeno maphunziro a makompyuta amaperekedwa. kuphatikiza apo. Izi zasonyezedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka komanso zothandiza m'zochitika zingapo. Pankhani ya B737 max, kuwunikira kwathu zofunikira zophunzitsira oyendetsa ndege sikunamalizidwebe ndipo sitinafike pomaliza pankhaniyi.

Monga momwe FAA ikuganizira zokonza mapulogalamu a Boeing a 737 MAX - EU ilinso ndi mapulani ena.

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) yadzudzula bungwe la FAA pazomwe likunena kuti silinamveke bwino komanso kuwonekera polola Boeing kuti awone zachitetezo cha zinthu zina zowongolera ndege.

Osatsimikizira Anthu Ouluka

Anthu aku America nthawi zambiri amakhulupilira kuti ndege zachita khama lawo kuti zisamayende bwino. Koma, sadziwa pang'ono kuti bungwe la FAA limapereka miyezo yachitetezo, komanso "kudzizindikiritsa", zomwe zidalola Boeing kudziwongolera pawokha ntchito zovuta monga pulogalamu yomwe idayambitsa ngozi zonse ziwiri za 737 MAX.

Captain "Sully" Sullenberger posachedwapa adadutsa kuyerekezeranso masoka mu simulator ya 737 MAX. Ndemanga yake: “Ngakhale podziŵa zimene zidzachitike, ndinatha kuona mmene antchito akanathera nthaŵi ndi kutalika kwake asanathe kuthetsa mavutowo.”

Komanso kutsatira kutsogolera kwa EASA ndi India, kuti limati idzatsimikiziranso 737 MAX paokha - osatsata lingaliro lililonse la FAA pakutsitsa ndegeyo.

M'nyengo yachilimwe, akatswiri ambiri sakanatha kuganiza kuti atha kugwa m'nyengo yophukira popanda kusintha kapena kudziwa nthawi yomwe idzakonzedwe. Ndege zambiri zabweza madongosolo awo a MAX mpaka Januware 2020.

The Economist akuti 737 MAX yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ikuwononga ndalama zandege, ogulitsa komanso wopanga ndege yekha pafupifupi $4 biliyoni kotala.

Mu March buku ili Adanenanso buku la ndege la Boeing 737 Max 8 upandu ndi wosakwanira

ZOMWE MUNGACHITE PA NKHANIYI:

Kuonjezera apo, filosofi yodzipangira yokha pakati pa 737 ndi A320neo ikuwoneka kuti ikusiyana chifukwa dongosolo la A320neo limapereka mphamvu zambiri kwa oyendetsa ndege, kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ndege, poyankha kulakwitsa kwadongosolo ndi / kapena kulephera.
EASA sikufuna kuyankhapo pa "kudzizindikiritsa" kapena pamlingo wa nthumwi ku Boeing zomwe FAA yapereka.
Tikukhulupirira kuti mndandanda wa zida zazing'ono zamtundu wa A320 sulola kuwuluka ngati ma heater amakona atatu akuwukira sakugwira ntchito.