Munkhani yamalamulo apaulendo, tawunika mlandu wa Brown v. Oceania Cruises, Inc., Mlandu Nambala 17-22645-CIV-ALTONAGE / Goodman (SD Fla. Meyi 30, 2018) momwe "Plaintiff (wazaka 78) ndi Mwamuna wake (oyenda mobwerezabwereza)… anali okwera sitima yapamadzi ya Riviera (ndipo) anasankha (ed) ndikugula (d) (ulendo wopita kunyanja) kutengera zida zotsatsira anthu apaulendo.
Posankha maulendo apanyanja (odandaula) achotseni (d) kuwunika (kwawo) maulendo onse okhala ndi zizindikilo zosavuta kapena zovuta / zovuta, pongoyang'ana maulendo omwe ali ndi zizindikilo 'zolimbitsa thupi'. (Pa ulendowu) Wodandaula (a) adagula Virgin Gorda ndi Baths Excursion ku Tortola, Briteni Islands Islands ... atalandira (iwo) Chitsogozo cha Tchuthi cha Cruise, malonda otsatsa omwe adatumizidwa (kwa iwo) ndi wotsutsa (omwe) adafotokoza za Excursion ngati 'zochita pang'ono'… Poyenda njirayo… Phazi la odandaula linagwidwa pakati pa miyala iwiri ndi bondo lake linathyoka… Dokotala wa sitimayo atalimbikitsa Plaintiff kutsika (iye) anamutengera kuchipatala cha People ku Tortola (koma) anakana kuchitidwa opaleshoni (ndi) atabwereranso ku Florida… anachitidwa opaleshoni kumapazi ndipo anakhala pa chikuku kwa milungu ingapo ”.
Otsutsa adazenga mlandu ndikunyalanyaza, chinyengo, kuphwanya Kamutu 817.41 Florida Statistics ndikuwonetsera molakwika.
Zolinga za chigamulo chachidule cha odandaula ndi omutsutsa adakana.
Mlandu wa Brown ubweretsa nkhani yatsopano yomwe ili yofunikira pamalamulo apaulendo wapamtunda momwe mizere yapamtunda imafotokozera kuchuluka kwa maulendo omwe amalimbikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa Virgin Gorda and the Baths Excursion (the Excursion) umafotokozedwa ndi maulendo angapo oyenda mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, Oceania adalongosola za Excursion ngati "zochitika zochepa"; Ma Seas Cruise Asanu ndi awiri (omwe amadziwikanso kuti Regent) amawonetsa kuti ulendowu ndi 'ntchito yovuta'; NCL (Bahamas) Ltd, idavotera Excursion ngati "Ntchito Level 3 ″.
Mikangano Yokhudza Tanthauzo La Mawu
"Wotsutsayo awona maulendo ena angapo apaulendo omwe amagulitsa ulendowu ndi matchulidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza 'zovuta', 'yogwira', 'kuyenda kwambiri pamtunda wotsetsereka' komanso 'wolimbitsa'. Wotsutsa akuti malongosoledwe ndi machenjezo omwe amaperekedwa ndi maulendo ena apamaulendo okhudza Excursion ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi omwewo ("zochitika zochepa"). Wodandaula amatsutsa kuyerekezera kwake komwe akumufotokozera ndikuchenjeza kwake kwa ena omwe akuyenda maulendo apaulendo chifukwa pakhoza kukhala 'zolakwika' pakati paulendo wa Wotsutsayo ndi omwe makampani ena amapereka ".
Khothi I-Kusasamala
"Wodandaula akuti ali ndi ufulu wofotokozera mwachidule zomwe adanenazo chifukwa cha kusowa kwake chifukwa Woweruza adalephera ntchito yake yochenjeza za kuwopsa kwa malo a Excursion, ndipo kulephera kumeneku kudamupangitsa kuvulala. Kumbali yake, Wotsutsa akuumiriza kuti ali ndi ufulu wofotokozera mwachidule ... chifukwa kuchuluka kwake paulendowu sikunali kufotokoza kwenikweni, adachenjeza mobwerezabwereza wodandaula za zovuta za Excursion, momwe njirayo inali yotseguka komanso yowonekera komanso kunyalanyaza kwake sizinayambitse kuvulala kwa Wodandaula… Wodandaula akuvomereza kuti womutsutsayo adapereka machenjezo, koma akuti machenjezowo anali 'osakwanira' chifukwa adafotokoza kuti ulendowu ndi ntchito 'yopepuka'. Wodandaula ndi Wotsutsa sakugwirizana pakadali pano ngati momwe wotsutsa amafotokozera za Excursion ngati 'ochepa' anali chenjezo lokwanira, ndipo gulu lililonse limatchula zowona kuti zithandizira kumasulira kwake kwa chenjezo ... Khothi siligamula lokha… ngati malongosoledwewo Anakwaniritsa udindo wa Wotsutsa kuchenjeza Wodandaula za zoopsa zomwe zimadziwa kapena moyenera zomwe amayenera kudziwa. Pali kutsutsana kowonekeratu pazinthu zakuthupi ndipo) funso loti chilankhulo chiti chokwanira kuchenjeza za kuopsa kwa ulendowu ndichinthu chofunikira kuti oweruza asankhe ... Komanso ngakhale zoopsa zomwe zidayambitsidwa ndi Excursion zinali zowonekera komanso zowonekera, '[ t] mafuta a ngozi yodandaula ndi otseguka ndipo zowonekeratu kuti sizowonjezera kuchira (kutchula Pucci v. Carnival Corp., 146 F. Supp. 3d 1281, 1289 (SD Fla. 2015)).
Kuwerengera Kachiwiri-Chinyengo
"Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti Woweruzayo wanena zabodza, Plaintiff akuti zida zotsatsa za Wotsutsa zili ndi 'malingaliro abodza komanso osakwanira a Excursion chifukwa amati Excursion ndiyapakati osati yotopetsa ... Poyamba, maphwando sangavomereze kuti ndi ndani adavotera ulendowu ngati 'wolimbitsa'. Wodandaula akuti Wotsutsa adatero; pomwe Defendant akuti 'Excursion' [idagulitsidwa ngati "zolimbitsa thupi" popemphedwa ndi omwe akuyendera, Island Shipping and Trading Co, osati Oceania '. Tanthauzo lazomwe zilipo pazogulitsazi zikutsutsananso ... Zotsimikiza zenizeni zakuti zotsatsa za Wotsutsa zimangonena zabodza ndi nkhani yoweruza milandu, osati Khothi ”.
Kuwerengera Kutsatsa Kwachisanu ndi Chitatu
"Zonena za wodandaula zotsatsa zotsatsa zikuchitika malinga ndi Gawo 817.41, Florida Statistics. '[T] o azisunga milandu yokhudza kuphwanya lamuloli [wodandaula akuyenera] kutsimikizira chilichonse mwazinthu zachinyengo zabodza pamilandu, kuphatikiza kudalira ndi kuwononga, chibale kuti apeze chiwongola dzanja' ... Mikangano imakhalapo mwaulemu ngati Woweruzayo akupusitsa kunamizira kwina kwakuthupi. Wodandaula amadalira kuchuluka kwa ma Excursion operekedwa ndi Regent Seven Seas Cruises ndi Norwegian Cruise Line kuti atsutse malingaliro a Wowatsutsa kuti 'modekha' ndi mbiri yabodza. Malinga ndi Wotsutsa, kuyerekezera kwake kwa Excursion sikunena zabodza chifukwa mavoterewo sanapangidwe kuti ayimire zowona zenizeni [izi ndizosiyana zodzitetezera m'milandu yabodza yanyumba]. Wotsutsayo akunenanso za kuchuluka kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito a Virgin Gorda ndi malo osambira a Baths-kuphatikiza ndi a Carnival Cruise Line, Norwegian Cruise Line ndi Shire Excursions Group-ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwawo ', kuwonetsa kuti muyeso wake ndi woyenera ... mikangano imatsutsana ”.
Kutsiliza
Pakufunika kofanana pakati pa maulendo angapo apaulendo momwe ulendowu umafotokozedwera. Mlandu wa Brown umathandizira okwera pamaulendo poyang'ana Khothi kuti lidzifotokozere lokha zaulendo wapanyanja.
Patricia ndi Tom Dickerson
Wolemba, Thomas A. Dickerson, adamwalira pa Julayi 26, 2018 ali ndi zaka 74. Kudzera mchisomo cha banja lake, eTurboNews akuloledwa kugawana zolemba zake zomwe tili nazo pa fayilo zomwe adatitumizira kuti tizisindikiza sabata iliyonse mtsogolo.
A Hon. Dickerson adapuma pantchito ngati Associate Justice wa Appellate Division, Dipatimenti Yachiwiri ya Khothi Lalikulu ku New York State ndipo adalemba za Travel Law kwa zaka 42 kuphatikiza mabuku ake azamalamulo omwe amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Khothi ku US, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018), ndi zolemba zoposa 500 zamalamulo zambiri zomwe zili alipo pano. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pazokhudza zamalamulo apaulendo komanso zomwe zikuchitika, makamaka m'maiko mamembala a EU, onani IFTTA.org.
Werengani zambiri za Zolemba za Justice Dickerson apa.
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