Makampani amakono apanyanja adabadwa m'zaka za m'ma 1960 pamene nthawi ya ocean liners inatha ndi kubwera kwa maulendo apanyanja a transoceanic. Ocean Liners anali pachimake cha kukongola ndi luso lamakono pamene dziko linapeza china chatsopano ndi chabwinopo, ndipo mwadzidzidzi zikwi za anthu ogwira ntchito pa zombo mazana ambiri sanafunikirenso. Sikuti nthawi zambiri bizinesi yomwe imakhala yolimba komanso yofunika ngati mayendedwe am'nyanja amakhala osatha nthawi imodzi.
Sitima zapamadzi zamasiku ano ndizotengera zaku America zachikhalidwe cha European Ocean. Ngakhale kuti malonda ambiri a m'nyanja yamchere adachokera ku Ulaya, omwe ali ndi mayina monga Cunard, Holland America ndi Hapag Lloyd; makampani amakono apanyanja anayamba ndi kuphuka ku America ndi mayina monga Carnival Corp., Royal Caribbean International ndi NCL. New York ndi Los Angeles adatengapo gawo m'masiku oyambilira oyenda panyanja, koma inali Miami yomwe idayambitsa maulendo apanyanja opambana masiku ano. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1970, anthu a ku America anayamba kuyenda panyanja kwambiri, koma zombo zomwe anadutsazo zinali zodzaza ndi akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
Anthu aku Europe ali ndi miyambo yayitali, yolemera yomanga ndi kuyendetsa zombo zonyamula anthu, koma makamaka adayamba kugwira ntchito pamsika waku America m'masiku oyambilira oyenda panyanja. Maulendo ang'onoang'ono aku Europe adatulukira, monga Pullmantur waku Spain kapena Aida waku Germany, kugwiritsa ntchito zombo zakale zam'madzi zomwe zidasinthidwanso ngati zombo zosangalatsa, koma mpaka 2000 maulendo apaulendo ngati tchuthi sanali pa radar ya Azungu poyerekeza ndi msika womwe ukukulirakulira wapanyanja ku States. . Pamene makampani oyenda panyanja aku America adalowa 10% ya anthu aku US, mayiko ambiri aku Europe anali akadali pa XNUMX mpaka XNUMX peresenti.
Izi zinayamba kusintha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 pamene sitima yapamadzi yaku Italy ya zaka 60, Costa Crociere, idagulidwa ndi bungwe la Carnival Corporation lochokera ku U.S. Kampani yopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yapamadzi, Carnival Corp. yapezanso Holland America ndi Cunard Lines.
Costa, yemwe tsopano ali pansi pa Carnival, anali ndi masomphenya atsopano oyenda panyanja ku Ulaya. Monga momwe kontinentiyo ikukonzekera kukhala European Union, Costa adawona njira yoyamba yapanyanja yopita ku Europe kuti ipereke zombo zamakono zamtundu waku America kumsika wonse waku Europe. Lingaliro linali loti azitha kuletsa chilankhulocho popereka chilichonse chomwe chili m'bwalopo m'zinenero zisanu; Italy, French, Spanish, German ndi English.
Ulendo wopita ku Ulaya wosangalatsa unayamba kugwira ntchito yaikulu m'zaka chikwi zatsopano. Costa ndiye adapindulapo nthawi yomweyo, koma mu 2003 wamkulu wina waku Italy, Gianluigi Aponte, adawonanso kuthekera kwa msika wapanyanja waku Europe. Aponte anali kale mwini yekha wa Mediterranean Shipping Company, bizinesi yachiwiri yaikulu yonyamula katundu padziko lonse ndi zombo za 400, pamene adayamba ulendo watsopano; MSC Cruises.
Aponte sanangolowetsa zala zake mubizinesi yapamadzi, adakhala ndi mutu woyamba. Iye anakonza zomanga zothamanga kwambiri za sitima zapamadzi zamakono m'mbiri yonse. Kuyambira 2003 MSC Cruises yamanga kale zombo khumi zatsopano ndipo ili ndi ina panjira. Sikuti MSC ndiye zombo zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, imayendetsanso zombo ziwiri zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (pambuyo pa Royal Caribbean). Zombo ziwiri zonsezi zimatha kunyamula anthu 3,959 ndipo zimabwera ndi matani okwana 138,000.
Tsopano pali mizere iwiri yapanyanja ya "pan-European", Costa Crociere (Italian for 'cruise') ndi MSC Cruises. Potsatsa zombo zawo kudutsa kontinenti yonse, onse a Costa ndi MSC amatha kupereka zombo zazikulu kwambiri. Kodi pali mkangano wowawa pakati pa MSC ndi Costa Cruises? Kunena zochepa, inde, zilipo ndipo ziyenera kukhala.
Kodi Pan-European Cruising Ndi Yosiyana Bwanji ndi American Cruising?
Yankho lalifupi la funsoli silosiyana kwambiri � makamaka kuchokera kunja kuyang'ana mkati. Pakhala pali sitima zapamadzi ku Ulaya, koma zimagulitsidwa makamaka kwa anthu aku America. Chilankhulo chakwawo chomwe chili m'sitima zotere nthawi zonse chimakhala Chingerezi. Ngakhale kuti sitima zapamadzi zatsopanozi za pan-European zili pafupifupi zofanana m'mawonekedwe komanso zimakongoletsedwa ndi azisuweni awo aku America, kusiyana kwake ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zisanu m'boti, Chingerezi ndiye chomaliza mwa iwo.
M'malo mwake, ngakhale sichikutsatiridwa kwambiri, dongosolo lodziwikiratu la Costa Cruises nthawi yonseyi lakhala likufanizira zochitika za Carnival Cruise Line koma pamsika waku Europe. Carnival Cruise Lines ndiye njira yopambana kwambiri pamsika waku US, kotero kutengera chitsanzochi ku Europe chinali chisankho chachilengedwe. Sitima zonse za ku Costa zomwe zidamangidwa kuyambira 2000 ndizofanana, potengera mawonekedwe apamwamba, kuzombo zomwe zilipo kale za Carnival. Ngakhale zokongoletsera zamkati zimakhala zosiyana pa sitima iliyonse ya Costa monga momwe sitima iliyonse ya Carnival ili ndi mkati mwapadera, Carnival Destiny, Conquest ndi Spirit pansi mapulani onse akuimiridwa mu zombo za Costa.
Ku United States, Royal Caribbean ndi NCL zakhala opikisana nawo kwambiri ku Carnival Cruise Lines, kotero ndizomveka kuti mpikisano wa Costa utuluke pamsika waku Europe. Ngakhale Royal Caribbean ili ndi kupezeka kwamphamvu ku Europe, chilankhulo chawo chakumtunda ndi Chingerezi chokhacho kuti asapikisane mwachindunji ndi Costa Cruises. Ulemu umenewo udapita kwa MSC Cruises, njira ina yokhayo yamitundu ingapo yapanyanja yaku Europe chifukwa chake mpikisano woyamba ndi Costa.
Maulendo awiriwa sizinthu zoyamba kugulitsidwa ku kontinenti yonse yaku Europe. Koma pali chinthu china chapadera pa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimafuna kuti anthu azilankhulana m'zinenero zisanu nthawi imodzi. Kwa mbali zambiri, wokwera aliyense amalandira kulankhulana kwa ngalawa kokha m'chinenero chake, monga mindandanda yazakudya ndi operekera zakudya omwe amadziwa dziko la alendo awo pasadakhale. Choncho vuto la chinenero limangokhala vuto nthawi zina, monga pa nthawi ya ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana. Mwachibadwa, chinenero chilichonse sichingaperekedwe nthawi imodzi m’zochitika zonse. Mindandanda yazakudya imatha kusindikizidwa m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana ndipo operekera zakudya amatha kuyitanitsa m'zilankhulo za wokwerayo, koma ziwonetsero zokhala ndi anthu ambiri ziyenera kukhala ndi zosangalatsa zosagwiritsa ntchito mawu, kapenanso zilengezo ziyenera kuperekedwa m'zinenero zisanu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.
Kukhala ndi malo azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kumapangitsanso kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zosankha zambiri m'malo ena, monga zakudya. Anthu a ku Ulaya amakono samamvetsetsa ndi kuyamikira kusiyana kumeneku; apanga maluso odabwitsa othana ndi vuto la chinenerochi. Amazolowera zomwe zikuchitika ndipo amakhala mosavuta. Komano, anthu ambiri a ku America amaona kuti kumvetsera zinenero zina zinayi Baibulo la Chingelezi lisanafike n’kokhumudwitsa.
Chifukwa chake, chofunikira ndichakuti mayendedwe onsewa ndi oyenera kwa oyenda ku Europe kufunafuna zabwino za sitima yapamadzi yaku Europe. Izi zikuphatikiza zaposachedwa kwambiri pamapangidwe azombo okhala ndi maiwe akulu, malo owonetsera masewera apamwamba, zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zipinda zamakono zamakono. Amapeza zombo zatsopano ndi zazikulu pamitengo yabwinoko kuposa ngati atasungitsa ulendo umodzi wapamadzi pomwe chilichonse chili m'chilankhulo chawo.
Ndizosiyana pang'ono kwa Achimereka. Kwenikweni, tili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zombo zambiri zomwe zimayendetsa kale chilichonse mu Chingerezi. Makamaka chifukwa cha makampani osangalatsa a ku America, omwe akhala akutumiza nyimbo, mafilimu ndi wailesi yakanema kunja kwa zaka makumi ambiri tsopano, kuti Chingerezi ndi chinenero chapadziko lonse lapansi. Anthu onse a ku Ulaya amapindula podziwa Chingelezi pang'ono, kotero ndi osowa ku Ulaya masiku ano omwe samvetsa osachepera smattering, kuposa momwe ife Achimereka timamvetsetsa Chiitaliya kapena Chifalansa.
Coup de resistance for English monga chilankhulo chapadziko lonse paulendo wanga waposachedwa pa MSC Cruises idabwera pomwe ndidakumana ndi mlonda wa sitimayo akusanthula makadi a alendo omwe akuchoka m'sitimayo padoko. Pamene ankamutchula kuti ndi Chifalansa iye anawayankha kuti, “Ndimalankhula Chingelezi!” - M'mawu okhwima ndikhoza kuwonjezera. A French awa adamuyankha m'Chingerezi nthawi yomweyo pafupifupi mopepesa. Ndinamufunsa za nkhaniyi ndipo anati, “Sindikugwira ntchito yothandiza anthu m’sitimayo, ndine wachitetezo. Chingerezi ndiye chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo sindilankhula zilankhulo zilizonse za ku Europe (anali Chiromania). Ndimalankhula Chingelezi ndipo ngati alendo akufuna kulankhula nane ndizomwe ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito. ” Chabwino � zosangalatsa.
Chifukwa chake, pa MSC Cruises (ndikukhulupirira zomwezi ndizoona ku Costa), "lingua franca" yovomerezeka pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito ndi Chingerezi (mawu omwe amatanthauza chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale mwaukadaulo amamasulira "chilankhulo cha Chifalansa," dziko lakale. chinenero). Chingelezi chimalankhulidwanso ngati wokwera wina sangamvetse wogwira ntchito kapena wokwera wina.
Anthu aku America paulendo waku Europe?
Funso limabuka, kodi waku America ayenera kuyenda panyanja ya MSC kapena Costa? Yankho ndi inde, ngati muli ndi ziyembekezo zolondola. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona ndalama zabwino kwambiri pamaulendo apanyanja pamizere iyi, makamaka ku Caribbean kapena South America. Adzalankhula Chingelezi chokwanira nthawi zonse kuti muzitha kulumikizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito komanso owongolera alendo.
Zoyipa zake ndizakuti ambiri mwa okwerawo sangalankhule Chingerezi, choncho musayembekezere kupeza mabwenzi ambiri atsopano. Mudzazunguliridwa ndi anthu osalankhula Chingerezi, kotero simudzamvetsetsa zomwe wina akunena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simudzakhala ndi zokambirana zambiri zongochitika zokha ndi anthu osawadziwa, komanso mumamva kuti mulibe chikhalidwe chilichonse mukuyenda mozungulira ngalawayo. Kanema wa kanema wawayilesi anali ndi njira zingapo zachingerezi, koma anali CNN International ndi njira ziwiri zachuma zomwe zimaphimba msika waku Europe.
Ngati mutenga ana ang'onoang'ono, mwina sangasangalale ndi pulogalamu ya ana ku Europe chifukwa zochitika zambiri zizichitika m'zilankhulo za ku Europe. Mwina sangapange abwenzi ochuruka m'ngalawamo monga momwe amachitira m'sitima yolankhula Chingerezi. Achinyamata akhoza kuchita bwino chifukwa ana akuluakulu ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri amalankhula Chingerezi modabwitsa. Ku Europe, komabe, anthu aku America ambiri omwe amayenda pamizere iyi ayenera kukonzekera kukhala limodzi kupatula kulumikizana ndi ogwira ntchito.
Onse a MSC ndi Costa amapitanso ku Caribbean, ndipo zinthu zidzakhala zosiyana kumeneko, makamaka kwa ana. Chilankhulo choyambirira chidzakhala Chingerezi ndipo alendo ambiri adzakhala Achimereka. Ana osakwana zaka 17 amayendetsa chaka chonse pa MSC.
Palinso nkhani zina za chikhalidwe. Anthu a ku Ulaya sakonda kusuta fodya monga momwe aku America. Yembekezerani kukumana ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha anthu omwe amasuta fodya, ngakhale kuti amaloledwa kumadera ena a sitimayo. M'madera amenewo amatha kukhuthala, ndipo ngati mumakonda kwambiri ngakhale fungo la utsi mudzaziwona m'makonde.
Nkhani ina ndi ya maulendo. Ambiri a ku Ulaya awonapo kale Naples ndi Rome, kotero maulendo amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri malo oyendera alendo a ku Ulaya m'malo mwa zomwe Achimereka angaganizire malo abwino okaona malo ku Ulaya. Adzayendera St. Tropez osati Nice, kapena Mallorca osati Gibraltar.
Nthawi yodyera ndi nkhani ina. Azungu, makamaka ochokera ku Spain ndi Italy, amadya mochedwa kwambiri kuposa aku America. Mipando yoyambirira ku Europe idzayamba 7:30, kukhala mochedwa nthawi ya 9:30 kapena 10:00. Anthu a ku Ulaya sakonda kwambiri utumiki wa m’chipinda kuposa ifeyo. Ku Ulaya padzakhala chiwongolero cha la carte pazinthu zam'chipinda zam'chipinda, ngakhale sizoletsedwa. Mndandanda wa utumiki wa m'chipinda ulinso ndi zochepa pazopereka poyerekeza ndi maulendo apanyanja a US.
Kusiyana komaliza, pamene zombozi zili ku Ulaya, ndikuti azilipira zakumwa zonse ndi chakudya, ngakhale m'dera la buffet. Izi zikuphatikizanso madzi omwe amachokera m'botolo, monga malo odyera aku Europe. Tiyi ya Iced idzakhala yofanana ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Izi zikusintha pamene zombozi zimabwera ku Caribbean, komabe. Ntchito zapachipinda ndi zaulere ndipo palibe mtengo wamadzi, tiyi wozizira kapena zakumwa zofananira ndi chakudya. Mu buffet chakudya cham'mawa ngakhale ku Ulaya mukhoza kupeza khofi ndi madzi popanda malipiro, koma madzi a lalanje ali ngati lalanje koloko ndi khofi ndi wakuda phula amachitcha khofi ku Ulaya. Chotsatira chake ndikuti kusankha zakudya m'dera la buffet kumakhala kosangalatsa pa chakudya chilichonse chifukwa sitimayo iyenera kukopa zokonda zambiri.
Kufotokozera mwachidule za European Cruise Lines
Maulendo awiri awa aku Europe, Costa ndi MSC Cruises, amakhala ngati aku America oyenda pazombo zazikulu zamakono zomwe zimafikira msika waku Europe. Iwo ali ndi chirichonse chomwe sitima yapamadzi yamakono imakhala nayo; madzi okhala ndi maiwe, machubu otentha ndi zithunzi zamadzi; makhonde a khonde, masewera, malo odyera ena, malo odyera a lido, ziwonetsero zazikulu zopanga ndi zina zambiri. Mutha kugulitsa zombo zomwezo pamsika waku US mosavuta.
Kusiyanaku kumabwera pakuyanjana kwapamtunda ndi ogwira ntchito ndi okwera ena. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya, ndi kusuta fodya komanso kuvala wamba zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi anthu okwera. Misewu yapamadzi iyi imatchula zochitika zapamadzi ngati "chikhalidwe cha ku Europe," zomwe zili. Komabe, ndizochitika zamakono za ku Ulaya, osati zofanana ndi mbiri yakale ya chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya anthu ambiri aku America amaganiza poyamba.
Maulendo onsewa amapempha ndikulimbikitsa anthu aku America kuyesa zombo zawo ku Europe ndi ku Caribbean. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikupeza chikhalidwe chamakono cha ku Ulaya iyi ndi njira imodzi yochitira izi, koma zimakhala ngati kumvetsera sitcom ya ku America m'chinenero china pa TV. Zonse zikuwoneka bwino komanso zodziwika bwino, koma ndi kusiyana kosiyana. Anthu ena adzasangalala ndi zochitikazo ndipo ena sadzasangalala nazo. Zonse zimatengera chitonthozo chanu ndikukhala m'malo omwe anthu ochepa amalankhula Chingerezi. Kupatula apo, awa ndi zombo zokongola zapamadzi zokhala ndi mitengo yabwino pamaulendo apanyanja.
