Chenicheni chakuti mipukutu yochepa chabe ya Mipukutu ya Chikumbutso ya Chicheki 1,564 yonse inali pamalo amodzi panthaŵi imodzi, chinali chozizwitsa. Zinatengera kukonzekera mwatsatanetsatane komanso mgwirizano wa mabungwe ambiri kuti abweretse zolemba zakalezi ku Temple Emanu-El ya New York City madzulo amodzi. Ndi chifukwa cha khama la Herbert & Eileen Bernard Museum ndi mabungwe a Memorial Scrolls Trust ku London m’pamene chochitika choyambachi chinachitika ku New York.
Kufunika kwa Mipukutu
Akatswiri apeza kuti zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira zitsanzo za chikhalidwe cha Ayuda ndi chipembedzo choyenerera kuposa mipukutu ya Torah. Kuŵerenga m’mipukutu yachikopa, yokhala ndi malemba Achihebri a Mabuku Asanu a Mose, Chiphunzitso Chaumulungu choperekedwa kwa Aisrayeli, ndiko mwala wapangodya wa mwambo wa sunagoge wachiyuda.
Kuposa Zikopa
Mpukutu wa Torah ndi chikopa cha zikopa, chokonzedwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha nyama ya kosher. Masentimita ambiri m’litali mwake, amachirikizidwa ndi matabwa aŵiri odzigudubuza (atzei hayyim, “mitengo ya moyo”) kumapeto kulikonse. Poganiziridwa kukhala zopatulika, malemba ndi mpukutuwo zili ndi malo apadera m’Chiyuda. Ngati mpukutuwo uli woyenerera kuŵerengedwa m’sunagoge, mpukutu wa Tora uyenera kulembedwa m’zilembo za Chihebri za masikweya-bwalo ndi inki yachikhalire ndi mlembi waluso (sofer). Mpukutu sungakhale ndi zolakwika zamalemba ndipo zilembo ziyenera kukhala zomveka. Ngakhale kuti zolakwa zina ndi zolakwa zingawongoleredwe ndi mlembi, ngati kuwonongeka kwake kuli kwakukulu, chikopacho sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Jeffrey Ohrenstein, Chair, Memorial Scrolls Trust, London, UK "Mipukutu iyi ndi yopulumuka komanso mboni zopanda phokoso za Shoah."
Chisomo chodabwitsa
Mfundo yakuti Mipukutu ya Torah ilipo nkomwe ndi yodabwitsa. Iwo anapulumutsidwa ku Zigawo za Czechoslovakian a Bohemia ndi Moravia pa nthawi ya WWII, kupulumuka chiwonongeko chokonzekera chirichonse cha Chiyuda ndi zoopsa za ulamuliro wa chikomyunizimu umene unkalamulira dzikolo mu 1948.
Akuti zinthu zakalezo zinapulumuka chifukwa Prague, ngakhale kuti inawonongeka kwambiri, sinawonongeke panthawi yankhondoyo. Mipukutuyo inasungidwa m’sunagoge m’dera la Prague ndipo inakhalabe (ikuwola) m’nyumbayi mpaka 1963, pamene boma la Czechoslovakia linafunafuna wogula chumacho. Eric Estorick, wogulitsa zaluso wa ku Britain, adapereka mwayi kwa Ralph Yablon, membala woyambitsa wa Westminster Synagogue ku London. Yabuloni anagula mipukutuyo ndi kuipereka ku sunagoge wake.
Pa February 7, 1964, mipukutu 1,564 inatumizidwa ku London. Malinga ndi Jeffrey Ohrenstein, "Anali m'matumba apulasitiki, ngati matumba a thupi." Mipukutu yambiri inali yosakonzedwanso. Mwamwayi, Rabbi David Brand, wodziwa ntchito, anali kufunafuna ntchito, ndipo ankaganiza kuti sunagoge angakhale ndi mpukutu umodzi wofunikira kukonzedwa; anasonyezedwa pansi pamipukutu yonse yofunikira chisamaliro chake. Iye anagwira ntchito m’sunagoge kwa zaka pafupifupi 30, akukonza mipukutu yonseyo – payekha.
Atangofika ku London, anakhazikitsa chikhulupiriro choti azisamalira mipukutuyo ndipo anaikonza. M’zaka 30 zotsatira, mipukutu yoposa 1,400 inatumizidwa m’masunagoge padziko lonse. Tsopano Trust ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakudziwitsa anthu za udindo womwe uli panyumba ya zolemba zakalezi. Masinagoge ndi mabungwe akupemphedwa kuti azipereka Shabbat imodzi mkati mwa chaka ku Mpingo wa Chikumbutso kuti ichitike pa tsiku lokumbukira kuthamangitsidwa kwa mudziwo ndi kukumbukira Ayuda ambiri ophedwa mwa kukumbukira mayina awo pa Shabbat ndi Yom HaShoah ndi Yum Kippur.
Mipukutu ya Torah yaku Czech Yowonedwa ku Manhattan @ Temple Emanu-El, February 5, 2019
Pokhala ndi mipukutu yoposa 75 yochokera m’maboma ndi m’maiko oposa 10, anthu mazanamazana anadzaza muholo ya ku Temple Emanu-El. Mipukutuyo imadziwika ndi nambala ndipo ilibenso zovala zake zoyambirira. Mpukutu wamakonowu uli ndi mipukutu yokongola kwambiri ya velvet mpaka tartan plaid yokhala ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba kwambiri chopangidwa ndi mizere ya yunifolomu ya ndende yozunzirako anthu. Torahs inkanyamulidwa ndi mamembala a Kachisi komanso oimira ochokera m'masunagoge apafupi ndi Nyumba Zolambirira. Mpukutuwo unatsagana ndi zeze yoyimba Etz Hayim (Mtengo wa moyo) kuchokera mu Miyambo.
M’mawu ake osonkhezera maganizo kwa omvetsera, Jeffrey Ohrenstein anati: “Torah ndi chinthu chimodzi chimene chimagwirizanitsa Ayuda onse pamodzi. Tikufuna kuti anthu amene tili ndi mipukutuyo agwiritse ntchito mipukutuyo m’njira yoti azikumbutsa anthu zinthu zofanana m’malo moti azitigawanitsa.”
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku memorialscrolltrust.org.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
