LAKE BARREALES, Argentina - Pamene Jorge Calvo ankayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Patagonian yafumbi, adayang'ana dothi lofiira, ndikuloza mabwinja a dinosaur padzuwa lachipululu.
Kupitilira apo, adalowa m'dzenje la mapazi asanu ndi atatu ndikugwedezera Marcela Milani, katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito msomali wandiweyani ndi nyundo. Anali kugubuduka pa thanthwe kufunafuna fupa la m'chuuno lomwe linali losowa lomwe limakhulupirira kuti ndi gawo la zomwe Bambo Calvo adatulukira, Futalognkosaurus, mtundu watsopano wa dinosaur wodya zomera utali wa mamita oposa 100 kuchokera kumchira mpaka mphuno. Ndi imodzi mwa ma dinosaurs atatu akuluakulu omwe adapezekapo.
"Iyeyo anakhalako zaka pafupifupi 90 miliyoni zapitazo," anatero Bambo Calvo, katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka ndi paleontologist wa ku Argentina. “Ndife odzala ndi madinosaur kuno. Ukayenda, upezapo kanthu.”
A Calvo, a zaka 46, ali ndi ofesi yawo kuno, pofukula zinthu zakale zakale chaka chonse kuchokera kumanda aakulu a dinosaur. Sakutsata njira yophunzirira zakale ya akatswiri a mbiri yakale, kusonkhanitsa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale akutali. Atazindikira mafupa a Futalognkosaurus mu 2000, adakhazikitsa malo ogulitsira pano zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi yokhazikika yomwe ili mbali imodzi ndi miyala yofiira yomwe imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi ya ku Sedona, Ariz.
Bambo Calvo's Dino Project, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 55 kumpoto kwa mzinda wa Neuquén, ili ndi ma trailer angapo okhala ndi mabafa onyamula komanso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomangidwa mopanda zoziziritsa kukhosi kapena pansi pomwe amawonetsa zinthu zakale zomwe zikukula. Ntchitoyi imachitika makamaka pa zopereka zochokera kumakampani amagetsi amderali, omwe akukumba gasi wachilengedwe mderali.
Komabe, a Calvo atha kukopa alendo okwana 10,000 pachaka kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo amalonda opsinjika maganizo omwe amabwera kudzafuna "mankhwala" kuti afufuze mafupa. Amakhala masiku anayi pa sabata ku Barreales, nthawi zina kufunafuna nyenyezi usiku ndi mwana wake Santiago, wazaka 11. M'chilimwe kuno, December mpaka March, Bambo Calvo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri odziwa zakale ochokera ku Brazil ndi Italy. Amaphunzitsabe geology ndi engineering ku National University of Comahue ku Neuquén, komwe dinosaur yonga mbalame yomwe adapeza pasukulupo idatchedwa dzina lake.
Mayendedwe ake a paleontology ndi otsutsana. Rodolfo Coria, katswiri wa paleontologist ku Carmen Funes Museum pafupi ndi Neuquén, adanena kuti zinthu zakale zomwe Bambo Calvo anali kuchotsa ku Barreales anali "akapolo" ndipo ayenera kukhala mumyuziyamu yoyenera. Bambo Coria anati: “Sindikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale zokwiriridwa pansi zakale zimenezi pothandiza alendo.
Dera la Patagonia ku Argentina, kumene Bambo Calvo wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka 20, lakhala limodzi mwa malo omwe akugwira ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zinthu zakale za dinosaur padziko lapansi, pamodzi ndi chipululu cha Gobi ku China ndi ku America West komwe kuli chuma chambiri. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale padziko lonse lapansi adakopeka kuti akagwire ntchito ku Patagonia. Asayansi a ku Argentina afukula dinosaur yaikulu kwambiri yodya zomera, Argentinosaurus, ndi nyama yaikulu kwambiri yodya nyama, Giganotosaurus carolinii, yomwe kutalika kwake pafupifupi mamita 42 inali yotalikirapo ndipo pafupifupi matani atatu olemera kuposa Tyrannosaurus Rex wotchuka wopezeka ku United States.
James I. Kirkland, katswiri wa sayansi ya zinthu zakale wa m’boma wa Utah Geological Survey anati: “Argentina ili ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri ya ma dinosaur m’madera onse a Kum’mwera kwa Dziko Lapansi, ndipo ili ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri yochokera ku madinosaur oyambirira mpaka omalizira. Mbiri imeneyo, yomwe inatenga zaka pafupifupi 150 miliyoni, imakhalanso yosiyana ndi ya Kumpoto kwa Dziko Lapansi, iye anati, chifukwa mu nthawi ya Jurassic ndi ambiri a Cretaceous makontinenti anali kusweka, kulekanitsa Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Mitundu yosiyana siyana ya ma dinosaur idachokera kudera lililonse. Koma pafupifupi zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo, zaka 5 miliyoni zokha ma dinosaurs asanathe, mlatho wamtunda unapangidwa umene unalola ma dinosaurs kuchokera ku dziko lililonse kuti awoloke.
Zakale za ma dinosaurs a nthawi ya Cretaceous (zaka 145 mpaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo) zakhala zikufala kwambiri ku Neuquén. "Timachitcha kuti Cretaceous Park," Bambo Calvo adanena za manda a dinosaur, omwe akuphatikizapo Nyanja ya Barreales.
Mitsuko yoyamba ya dinosaur ya m’dzikoli inapezedwa pafupi ndi Neuquén mu 1882. Kwa zaka zambiri malo osungiramo zinthu zakale osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Buenos Aires ndi La Plata, kufupi ndi likulu la dzikolo, ankaoneka ngati akukapeza zinthu zakale za m’derali. Kumangidwa kwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ozungulira Neuquén zaka makumi awiri zapitazi kwathandiza kuti zotsalira zakale zikhale kunyumba ndipo zapanga mtundu wa dino-tourism.
Ena afika poipa kwambiri pankhani ya kugawikana kwa zigawo. Ruben Carolini, wamkulu wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za dinosaur ku El Chocón, pafupi ndi Neuquén, akuti adadzimangirira ku mafupa a Giganotosaurus mu 2006 kuti afune kuti mafupa ndi zolemba zomwe zinatumizidwa ku Buenos Aires ndi kutsidya kwa nyanja zibwezedwe ku malo ake. Pambuyo pa maola angapo, adadzimasula yekha pambuyo poti chigaza chomangidwanso cha wodya nyama, chomwe chidapita ku Buenos Aires, chinabwezeredwa ku El Chocón.
Asanakhale woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, Bambo Carolini anali wokonda makina oyendetsa galimoto komanso kusaka dinosaur yemwe ankayendetsa galimoto ya dune ndikuvala chipewa cha Indiana Jones. Adadziwika mu 1993 chifukwa chopeza fupa la mwendo wa Giganotosaurus, zomwe zidakopa derali ndikukopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi.
Kumbali yake, Bambo Calvo akulota kuti asandutse malo omwe ali kwaokha kukhala malo okulirapo okopa alendo. Anasonyeza chitsanzo cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yosungiramo zinthu zakale zokwana madola 2 miliyoni yomwe ikanakhala ndi ngalande yowombedwa kupyola phiri la miyala yofiira yopita ku gawo lofotokoza mbiri ya Amwenye amtundu wa Mapuche.
"Ndimatha kufufuza mafupa a dinosaur kwa moyo wanga wonse ndi zaka zina ziwiri za moyo wanga koma osatheka," adatero. "Chinthu chimodzi chomwe tili nacho pano ndi nthawi."
nytimes.com
