M'dziko lodziwika ndi kugawikana ndi mpikisano, kusintha kobiriwira kumayimira mwayi wofunikira komanso mwayi wabwino. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizozungulira, zokambirana za chilengedwe tsopano zikutuluka ngati njira yofunikira kumvetsetsa maubwenzi a mayiko, kuphatikiza mgwirizano, mpikisano, ndi malingaliro atsopano a mphamvu ya mphamvu.
Kuwuka ndi kuphatikizika kwa gawo latsopano laukazembe
Kukambirana kwachilengedwe kudayamba kuchitika m'ma 1970, kuyambira ndi Msonkhano wa Stockholm wa 1972 ndikupeza maziko ndi Msonkhano Wapadziko Lapansi wa 1992 ku Rio. Misonkhano imeneyi inayala maziko amisonkhano ikuluikulu ya chilengedwe yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndi zachipululu. Poyambilira amawonedwa ngati ochepera ku zokambirana zapamwamba, zakula pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ndi kufunikira kwa misonkhano ya COP (Conference of the Parties).
Pangano la Paris la 2015 lidasintha mbiri, pafupifupi mayiko onse adadzipereka kuti achepetse kutentha kwa dziko. Kupitilira tsatanetsatane wake waukadaulo, mgwirizanowu ukuwonetsa kufuna kwandale kuyika zovuta zazachilengedwe muulamuliro wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ikuwonetsanso zolakwika pakati pa Global North ndi South, owononga mbiri yakale komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akuwulula momwe kusintha kobiriwira kwakhalira.
Kusintha kobiriwira ngati chida cha mphamvu ndi chikoka
Mayiko akuika ndalama zambiri muukadaulo waukhondo, zongowonjezera, ma hydrogen obiriwira, mabatire, ndi kugwidwa kwa kaboni. Mpikisano watsopanowu ukukonzanso magawo a mafakitale ndikupanga kudalira kwatsopano. China, mwachitsanzo, ndiye mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga ma solar panel ndi magalimoto amagetsi, akudziyika okha pamtima pazachuma chochepa kwambiri. Kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyeretsa kumasinthanso kuyang'ana kuchokera kumafuta oyaka mafuta kupita ku zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga lithiamu, cobalt, faifi tambala, ndi nthaka yosowa. Zothandizira izi zofunikira paukadaulo wobiriwira zakhazikika m'maiko ochepa (monga DRC, Chile, ndi China), zomwe zikupangitsa kukonzanso mwanzeru. Mayiko akuthamangira kuti ateteze maunyolo ogulitsa ndikumanga nkhokwe zaukadaulo. Mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito zokambirana za chilengedwe kuti alimbikitse kukopa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko a zisumbu zing'onozing'ono monga Maldives ndi Tuvalu, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kusintha kwa nyengo, athandizira zovuta zawo kuti akweze mawu awo padziko lonse lapansi. Ena, monga Norway kapena Canada, amapanga chithunzi chobiriwira kuti athandizire mfundo zamphamvu zomwe nthawi zina zimakangana, zowonetsa momwe utsogoleri wa chilengedwe ungathandizire zofuna za dziko.
Kusamvana ndi mgwirizano muulamuliro wadziko lonse lapansi
Kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kumafuna mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, koma njira zimasiyana. EU imalimbikitsa malamulo okhwima (monga njira yosinthira malire a kaboni), yomwe mayiko ena opanga amawona ngati "chitetezo chobiriwira." Kutengera utsogoleri, US ikusintha pakati pa utsogoleri wanyengo ndi kudzipatula, pomwe China imaphatikiza zokambirana zanyengo ndikukula kwamalonda.
Ngakhale kuti maiko a ku Global South amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhudzidwa kwa nyengo, ngakhale kuti maiko a ku Global South amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo. Amafuna kuzindikiridwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo, kusamutsidwa kwaukadaulo, komanso ndalama zokwanira zanyengo. Green Climate Fund, yomwe imayenera kusonkhanitsa $ 100 biliyoni pachaka, yakhala chizindikiro cha kulimbana kumeneku komanso kuchedwa kwa kumpoto mobwerezabwereza kukwaniritsa malonjezo ake.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kusowa kwa zinthu (mwachitsanzo, madzi, minda, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana) kungapangitse mikangano, makamaka m'madera omwe ali osalimba kale monga Sahel kapena Central Asia. Komabe mgwirizano wa chilengedwe ndi chida chamtendere: mabeseni ogawana mitsinje (monga Nile kapena Mekong), mapangano a m'madera a nkhalango, ndi njira zowoloka zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zodutsa malire zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa zokambirana zobiriwira kuti zilimbikitse bata.
Chaka chilichonse, matani opitilira 11 miliyoni a zinyalala za pulasitiki amathera m'nyanja, chiwerengero chomwe chitha kuchulukirachulukira katatu pofika 2040 popanda mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuipitsa kumeneku sikungowononga zachilengedwe zokha zomwe zikuwopseza zamoyo za m'nyanja, kuwononga mayendedwe a chakudya, ndikuyika thanzi la anthu pachiwopsezo komanso nkhani zachuma ndi zandale. Mafunde a m'nyanja amanyalanyaza malire a mayiko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki kukhala vuto lalikulu la mayiko. Mitsinje monga Yangtze, Ganges, Mekong, kapena Niger imanyamula gawo lalikulu la zinyalalazi kupita nalo kunyanja, kutanthauza kufunikira kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti achite bwino kumtunda. Pofuna kuthana ndi kukula kwa mavutowa, mayiko akuyesetsa kulimbikitsana. Mu Marichi 2022, bungwe la United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) lidakhazikitsa njira yodziwika bwino yokambirana za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, kukhudza kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kutha kwa moyo. Cholinga ndikukwaniritsa mgwirizano pofika 2025.
Ntchitoyi ndi sitepe yaikulu yopita patsogolo. Zikuwonetsa kuzindikira kovomerezeka kwakufunika kwa dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi, lofanana ndi Pangano la Paris la nyengo. Komabe, zokambirana zikuwulula kale kusiyana: mayiko ena akuluakulu opanga pulasitiki (monga United States, China, ndi Saudi Arabia) amakonda njira zodzifunira kapena zamakono, pamene ena (kuphatikizapo EU, Rwanda, ndi Peru) amalimbikitsa malire okhwima pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuwongolera zinyalala za pulasitiki kumadzutsa mafunso odzilamulira. Maiko angapo ku Global South, omwe amalandila zinyalala za pulasitiki kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku Global North monga Malaysia, Philippines, ndi Indonesia ayamba kukana kapena kubweza zinyalala zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja, kudzudzula zomwe amazitcha "zachitsamunda". Kusamvana kumeneku kukuwonetsa kutsimikiziranso kokulirapo kwa mphamvu za chilengedwe komanso kukakamiza kutanthauziranso udindo wakale komanso wapano wokhudza kuipitsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kufalikira kwa "madera akufa" m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha chakudya m'madera ambiri, makamaka ku West Africa ndi Southeast Asia, kulimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti kuipitsa pulasitiki ndi nkhani ya chitetezo cha anthu.
Poyang'anizana ndi inertia kuchokera ku maulamuliro akuluakulu, migwirizano yatsopano ikuwonekera. Kampeni ya Nyanja Zoyera, yoyambitsidwa ndi bungwe la United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), ikusonkhanitsa mayiko oposa 60 omwe adzipereka kuchepetsa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Ntchito zina, monga Global Plastic Action Partnership, gwirizanitsani maboma, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma kuti afulumizitse kukonzanso zinthu, kuthetsa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, ndikulimbikitsa chuma chozungulira.
Mabungwe omwe siaboma, monga Ocean Conservancy ndi Surfrider Foundation, amatenga gawo losagwirizana ndi boma koma lofunikira kwambiri. Amalemba zoipitsa, amasonkhezera zokambirana, ndi kugwirizanitsa kulimbikitsana kwa nzika zapadziko lonse, kusandutsa kuyeretsa magombe kukhala ndale. Mabungwe ena omwe siaboma, monga Ocean Alliance Conservation Member (olimbikitsidwa ndi United Nations), akuganiziranso zachitukuko chachuma padziko lonse lapansi pokambirana mwachindunji maubwenzi. (OACM SOS: Sustainable Ocean Solutions Conservancy Program) ndi maboma ndi mabungwe akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi, m'mayiko ndi m'madera onse.
Mgwirizanowu umathandizira kupanga mapulogalamu oyeretsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja (White Flag CSMA Certification Process / SOCS Sustainable Ocean Cleaning System) kuwonetsetsa kuti malowa ndi aukhondo, ziphaso zawo (CSMA Certified SAFE Marine Area), komanso kuwunika kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano (CEPS & GEPN Communication System). Mtunduwu umathandizira kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino, makamaka za zokopa alendo (Investment Sustainable Ocean Tourism Development), ndikusunga nyanja, nyanja, nyanja, ndi mitsinje.
Mukupita ku transnational eco-diplomacy? Osewera atsopano, ma paradigms atsopano
Kukambirana kwachilengedwe sikulinso gawo la mayiko okha. Mizinda, mabungwe, mabungwe omwe siaboma, maziko, ndi mayendedwe akumidzi akuwonjezera njira zothetsera chilengedwe. Migwirizano monga Under2 Coalition kapena C40 Cities imagwirizanitsa mizinda ikuluikulu yodzipereka kusalowerera ndale. Pakadali pano, mabungwe omwe akukakamizidwa ndi ogula ndi misika akutenga malonjezo olimba mtima a nyengo, nthawi zina kuposa maboma.
Mabungwe a anthu ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza ndondomeko ya chilengedwe cha dziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira omenyera ufulu wachinyamata mpaka milandu yayikulu, zokambirana zanyengo zikuchulukirachulukira "kuchokera pansi." Magulu awa akutanthauziranso ulamuliro wodziwika pachitetezo cha dziko lamoyo.
Poganizira zovuta za zovuta zamasiku ano, njira yadongosolo ndiyofunikira. Zokhudza chilengedwe sizingasiyanitsidwenso ndi malonda, ufulu wa anthu, chitetezo, kapena chilungamo cha anthu. Kukambirana kwachilengedwe chonse kumawona zachilengedwe ngati njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yomvetsetsa zokonda zadziko komanso moyo wabwino wapagulu. Masomphenya awa akuyala maziko a mtundu watsopano wa mphamvu, wobiriwira, wogwirizana, komanso woganizira zamtsogolo.
Diploma ya chilengedwe ikukonzanso mphamvu za mayiko. Sizilowa m'malo mwa miyambo yakale yazandale koma zimawasintha kwambiri. M’dziko limene ladzala ndi nyengo, mphamvu, ndi mavuto andale, limapereka malo oti anthu azikangana komanso kukumana. Imakakamiza mayiko kuti aganizirenso zokonda zanthawi yayitali, kupitilira ulamuliro wadziko, ndikupanga chilankhulo chatsopano champhamvu chozikidwa paudindo, mgwirizano, ndi kukhazikika. Tsogolo lachitukuko chokhazikika lidzalembedwa osati m'zipinda zokambilana zokha komanso m'mavuto am'deralo, luso lazopangapanga, komanso kulimbikitsana padziko lonse lapansi. Pamphambano izi, geopolitics yazaka za zana la 21 ikupita patsogolo
