DUBAI, United Arab Emirates - Sofia, mayi wazaka 34 wa ku France, adasamukira kuno chaka chapitacho kuti akagwire ntchito yotsatsa, ali ndi chidaliro chachuma chomwe chikukula mwachangu ku Dubai kotero kuti adagula nyumba pafupifupi $300,000 ndi mwana wazaka 15. ngongole yanyumba.
Tsopano, monga ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito akunja omwe amapanga 90 peresenti ya anthu kuno, adachotsedwa ntchito ndipo akuyembekezera kukakamizidwa kuchoka mumzinda wa Persian Gulf - kapena kupitilira apo.
“Ndikuchita mantha kwambiri ndi zimene zingachitike, chifukwa ndinagula malo kuno,” anatero Sofia, yemwe anapempha kuti asatchule dzina lake chifukwa akusakasaka ntchito ina. “Ndikalephera kubweza ndalamazo, anandiuza kuti ndikatsekeredwa m’ndende ya angongole.”
Ndi chuma cha Dubai chikugwa mwaufulu, nyuzipepala zanena kuti magalimoto opitilira 3,000 amakhala osiyidwa pamalo oimikapo magalimoto pa Airport Airport ya Dubai, osiyidwa ndi kuthawa, alendo omwe ali ndi ngongole (omwe atha kumangidwa ngati alephera kulipira ngongole zawo). Ena akuti ali ndi makhadi a ngongole ochulukirachulukira mkati ndi zolemba zopepesa zojambulidwa pagalasi lakutsogolo.
Boma likuti chiwerengero chenicheni ndi chochepa kwambiri. Koma nkhanizo zili ndi chowonadi chochepa: anthu opanda ntchito pano amataya ma visa awo antchito ndiyeno ayenera kuchoka mdziko muno pasanathe mwezi umodzi. Izi zimachepetsa kuwononga ndalama, zimapanga malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikutsitsa mitengo yanyumba m'malo otsika kwambiri omwe achoka kumadera a Dubai - omwe adatamandidwa ngati mphamvu yayikulu yazachuma ku Middle East - ikuwoneka ngati tawuni yachibwibwi.
Palibe amene akudziwa kuti zinthu zaipa bwanji, ngakhale zikuonekeratu kuti anthu masauzande ambiri achoka, mitengo ya malo ndi nyumba yagwa, ndipo ntchito zambiri zomanga ku Dubai zaimitsidwa kapena kuthetsedwa. Koma popeza boma silikufuna kupereka zambiri, mphekesera zikuyenera kukula, kuwononga chidaliro komanso kuwononga chuma.
M'malo mopita kumalo owonekera bwino, ma emirates akuwoneka kuti akupita ku mbali ina. Lamulo latsopano lazankhani lingapangitse kukhala mlandu kuwononga mbiri kapena chuma cha dziko, kulangidwa ndi chindapusa cha ma dirham 1 miliyoni (pafupifupi US$272,000). Ena akuti zikuyambitsa kale kufotokoza za vutoli.
Mwezi watha, manyuzipepala am'deralo adanenanso kuti Dubai ikuletsa ma visa 1,500 tsiku lililonse, kutchula akuluakulu aboma omwe sanatchulidwe mayina. Atafunsidwa za nambalayi, mneneri wa unduna wa zantchito ku Dubai, a Humaid bin Dimas, adati satsimikiza kapena kukana ndipo wakana kuyankhapo zambiri. Ena amati chiwerengero chenicheni ndi chokwera kwambiri.
"Pakadali pano tili okonzeka kukhulupirira zoyipa," atero a Simon Williams, katswiri wazachuma wa banki ya HSBC ku Dubai. "Ndipo malire a data amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi mphekeserazo."
Zinthu zina zikuwonekeratu: mitengo yanyumba, yomwe idakwera kwambiri pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za Dubai, yatsika ndi 30 peresenti kapena kupitilira apo m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayi m'madera ena a mzindawu. Sabata yatha, a Moody's Investor's Service adalengeza kuti atha kutsitsa mitengo yake pamakampani asanu ndi limodzi odziwika kwambiri aboma ku Dubai, ponena za kuwonongeka kwachuma. Magalimoto ambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagulitsidwa, nthawi zina amagulitsidwa ndi 40 peresenti poyerekeza ndi mtengo wofunsidwa miyezi iwiri yapitayo, ogulitsa magalimoto atero. Misewu ya ku Dubai, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yodzaza ndi magalimoto panthawi ino ya chaka, tsopano ndiyowoneka bwino.
Ofufuza ena ati vutoli likhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa ku bungwe la emirates la mamembala asanu ndi awiri, komwe Dubai yakhala ikusewera mng'ono wake wopanduka kwa Abu Dhabi wolemera komanso wokonda kwambiri mafuta. Akuluakulu a ku Dubai, akumeza kunyada kwawo, anena momveka bwino kuti atha kuthandizidwa, koma mpaka pano Abu Dhabi apereka thandizo kumabanki ake okha.
"Chifukwa chiyani Abu Dhabi akuloleza mnansi wake kuti mbiri yake yapadziko lonse iwonongeke, pomwe imatha kubweza mabanki aku Dubai ndikubwezeretsa chidaliro?" adatero Christopher M. Davidson, yemwe adaneneratu zavuto lomwe lilipo mu "Dubai: Vulnerability of Success," buku lofalitsidwa chaka chatha. "Mwina dongosolo ndikukhazikitsa pakati pa UAE," motsogozedwa ndi Abu Dhabi, adalingalira, mwanjira yomwe ingachepetse ufulu wa Dubai komanso mwina kusintha kalembedwe kake.
Kwa alendo ambiri, Dubai poyamba inkawoneka ngati pothawirapo, yotetezedwa ndi mantha omwe adayamba kugunda dziko lonse m'dzinja latha. Dziko la Persian Gulf lili ndi chuma chambiri cha mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo ena amene anachotsedwa ntchito ku New York ndi London anayamba kufunsira kuno.
Koma Dubai, mosiyana ndi Abu Dhabi kapena Qatar yapafupi ndi Saudi Arabia, ilibe mafuta akeake, ndipo idadzipangira mbiri yake pazachuma, zachuma, ndi zokopa alendo. Tsopano, ambiri ochokera kunja kuno amalankhula za Dubai ngati kuti ndi masewera nthawi zonse. Mphekesera za Lurid zinafalikira mwachangu: Palm Jumeira, chilumba chochita kupanga chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino mumzindawu, akuti chikumira, ndipo mukatembenuza mipope m'mahotela omwe adamangidwa pamwamba pake, amangotuluka mphemvu.
“Kodi zikhala bwino? Amakuuzani zimenezo, koma sindikudziwanso zoti ndikhulupirire,” anatero Sofia, yemwe akuyembekezerabe kupeza ntchito nthawi yake isanathe. "Anthu akuchita mantha mwachangu."
Hamza Thiab, wazaka 27 waku Iraq yemwe anasamukira kuno kuchokera ku Baghdad mu 2005, adachotsedwa ntchito pakampani ya engineering masabata asanu ndi limodzi apitawo. Ali ndi mpaka kumapeto kwa February kuti apeze ntchito, kapena achoke. Iye anati: “Ndakhala ndikufunafuna ntchito yatsopano kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo ndangofunsidwa kawiri kokha. "M'mbuyomu, mumatsegula mapepala apa ndikuwona ntchito zambiri. Zocheperako kwa mainjiniya wazaka zinayi zomwe zidachitika kale zinali dirham 15,000 pamwezi. Tsopano, kuchuluka komwe mungapeze ndi 8,000,” kapena pafupifupi US$2,000.
Bambo Thiab anali atakhala m’sitolo ya Coffee ku Costa m’sitolo ya Ibn Battuta, kumene makasitomala ambiri ankaoneka kuti anali amuna osakwatira omwe amakhala okha, akumamwa khofi movutikira masana. Ngati alephera kupeza ntchito, adzayenera kupita ku Jordan, komwe ali ndi achibale ake - Iraq idakali yoopsa kwambiri, akuti - ngakhale kuti zinthu sizili bwino kumeneko. Izi zisanachitike, amayenera kubwereka ndalama kwa abambo ake kuti alipire ndalama zoposa US $ 12,000 zomwe akadali ndi ngongole kubanki ya Honda Civic yake. Anzake aku Iraq adagula magalimoto apamwamba ndipo tsopano, opanda ntchito, akuvutika kuti agulitse.
"Kale, ambiri aife tinali kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kuno," adatero a Thiab. “Tsopano sitingathe kulipira ngongole zathu. Tonse tikungogona, kusuta, kumwa khofi, ndi mutu chifukwa cha vutoli.”
Wogwira ntchito ku New York Times ku Dubai adaperekapo lipoti.
