Zaka XNUMX za kusungitsa zachilengedwe kochititsa chidwi mu Africa zawonedwa

DAR ES SALAAM (eTN) - Dziko la Tanzania likuchita mwambo wokumbukira mwezi uno wokumbukira zachitetezo cha nyama zakuthengo ndi chilengedwe pambuyo pa zaka 50 kuchokera kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo awiri otchuka oyendera alendo ku Africa, Serengeti National Park ndi Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

Mogwirizana ndi mapaki awiriwa, omwe ndi apadera ku Africa, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akukondwerera pakati pa mwezi uno zaka 50 za kupezeka kwa chigaza cha munthu wakale kwambiri, chomwe chimakhulupirira kuti ndicho chakale kwambiri m'mbiri yakale ya dziko lapansi.

Mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area ndi Olduvai Gorge, kumene Dr. ndi Mayi Leakey anapeza zotsalira za 1.75 miliyoni za Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') ndi Homo habilis zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mitundu ya anthu inayamba kusinthika m'derali.

Malo awiri ofunika kwambiri a paleontological ndi ofukula zakale padziko lapansi, Olduvai Gorge ndi Laetoli Footprint site ku Ngarusi akupezeka mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Zinthu zina zofunika kuzitulukirabe m'derali.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Serengeti mosakayikira ndi malo osungira nyama zakuthengo odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, osayerekezeka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe komanso phindu la sayansi. Pokhala ndi nyumbu zoposa mamiliyoni aŵiri, mbawala ya Thomson theka la miliyoni, ndi mbidzi kotala la miliyoni, ili ndi nyama zambiri za m’zigwa mu Afirika. Nyumbu ndi mbidzi zimapanganso nyenyezi yodabwitsa kwambiri - kusamuka kwapachaka kwa Serengeti.

Si apaulendo okha amene tsopano amakhamukira kukaona nyama ndi mbalame za ku Serengeti. Lakhala likulu lofunikira la kafukufuku wasayansi. Mu 1959, katswiri wa zachilengedwe wa ku Germany, pulofesa Bernhard Grzimek, ndi mwana wake, Michael, anachita ntchito yaupainiya m’kufufuza kwa m’mlengalenga nyama zakuthengo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Serengeti Siife "Serengeti Sadzafa" komanso makanema angapo omwe adapanga Serengeti kukhala dzina lanyumba. Zambiri tsopano zikudziwika za kayendedwe ka Serengeti kuposa chilengedwe china chilichonse padziko lapansi.
Anthu a mtundu wa Maasai akhala akuweta ziweto zawo m’zigwa zomwe ankazitchula kuti “chigwa chosatha” kwa zaka zoposa 200. Serengeti ndi dera la makilomita 14,763, ndi lalikulu ngati Northern Ireland.

Chifukwa cha kuzindikira kokulirapo kwa kufunika kosamalira, Serengeti inakulitsidwa ndi kukulitsidwa kukhala malo osungirako zachilengedwe mu 1951. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, Malo Otetezera Ngorongoro anakhazikitsidwa kum’mwera chakum’maŵa monga gawo lapadera, ndipo anapatsa mapaki aŵiriwo mkhalidwe wawo wamakono. malo otsogola oyendera alendo ku Tanzania ndi Africa lero.

Derali ndi poyambira chimodzi mwa "zodabwitsa za padziko lapansi" zomwe zimatchedwa "Kusamuka kwa pachaka kwa Serengeti." Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, udzu ukakhala wouma komanso wotopa, nyumbu zimayamba kuchulukana m'magulu ankhondo akulu.

Masiku ano, malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Serengeti, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, ndi Maasai Mara Game Reserve, omwe ali kutsidya lina la dziko la Kenya, amateteza nyama zakutchire zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso njira imodzi yomaliza yosamukirako yomwe ikadalipobe. .

Serengeti ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali wa madera otetezedwa a Tanzania, omwe onse pamodzi ndi 14 peresenti ya malo a dzikolo, mbiri yakale yosamalira zachilengedwe yomwe mayiko ena ochepa angagwirizane nayo.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) idatengedwa kuchokera ku Serengeti National Park mu 1959 chifukwa cha zoyeserera zamalamulo. Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zidapangitsa kulekanitsa madera awiri otetezedwa zinali chifukwa chofuna kusagwirizana pakati pa zosowa za anthu (makamaka Amasai) ndi zosowa zachilengedwe. Amasai ndi anthu okhawo omwe amaloledwa kuyenda momasuka m'malo otetezedwa ndi ng'ombe zawo.

Ngorongoro, yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ndi malo osankhidwa ndi United Nations World Heritage Site komanso International Biosphere Reserve. Ngorongoro imachirikiza kuchulukana kwa nyama zakuthengo chaka chonse ndipo ili ndi chipembere chowoneka bwino kwambiri cha zipembere zakuda zotsala ku Tanzania. NCA ili ndi nyama zazikulu zopitirira 25,000, zina zomwe ndi zipembere zakuda, njovu, nyumbu, mvuu, mbidzi, giraffe, njati, nswala ndi mikango.

Nkhalango za kumapiri zimapanga malo ofunika kwambiri omwe amasungira madzi kwa anthu oyandikana nawo alimi komanso amapanga madzi apansi a Nyanja ya Manyara National Park kum'mawa.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito malo kangapo ndi imodzi mwa njira zoyambirira kukhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikutsatiridwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati njira yoyanjanitsira chitukuko cha anthu ndi kasungidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe.
Pulofesa Grzimek, amene zaka 50 zapitazo analemba ndi kulengeza kuti “Serengeti Sidzafa,” ikupumula kwamuyaya m’mphepete mwa Chigwa cha Ngorongoro, kuwonjezera pa mwana wake Michael.

Anthu awiri otchuka oteteza zachilengedwe ku Germany akukumbukiridwa mwezi uno chifukwa cha zomwe adachita m'mbiri yosamalira nyama zakuthengo ku Tanzania komanso zinthu ziwiri zomwe dziko lapansi limanyadira kuziwona - Serengeti ndi Ngorongoro.