Kodi Galapagos adzakhala Ibiza ku Pacific?

Mchitidwe woopsa wachitetezo ukumenyedwa kuti aletse Galapagos - malo odziwika kwambiri a nyama zakutchire padziko lonse lapansi - kuonongeka ndi chitukuko. Mahotela, madisiko, ndi matauni atsopano afalikira pazisumbu zingapo, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu chawonjezeka kaŵiri m’zaka 10. Chipululu choyera cha Darwin tsopano chikukhalamo anthu 30,000, kuphatikiza alendo 173,000 chaka chilichonse.

Ngakhale kuti 97 peresenti ya zilumbazi zimapanga malo osungirako zachilengedwe momwe chitukuko ndi choletsedwa, matauni akunja kwa pakiyo achuluka. Akhala Mecca kwa achinyamata aku Ecuador omwe amabwera kuchokera kumtunda pa matikiti otsika mtengo a ndege. Kufuna kwawo kwa ma disco ndi magombe kumatha kusintha magawo a zisumbuzi kukhala Ibiza kum'mawa kwa Pacific. Zilumbazi, zomwe zili pamtunda wa makilomita 600 kuchokera kumtunda, zikulimbana ndi mavuto ambiri nthawi imodzi. Pali unyinji wa alendo, omwe achuluka kuwirikiza kanayi kuyambira 1990 ndipo kuwirikiza kawiri kuyambira 2005. Pali kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe komanso kuyambitsidwa kwa zomera ndi zinyama zowononga monga mbuzi, makoswe, agalu ndi ng'ombe.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Charles Darwin Foundation, bungwe lofufuza za Santa Cruz, lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri kuzilumbazi, likuwonetsa kuti 60 peresenti ya mitundu 168 ya zomera zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zili pachiwopsezo. Mbuzi zamtundu wakhala mutu waukulu, mitundu ya zomera (748) tsopano ikuposa yachibadwa (pafupifupi 500). Tizilombo topitilira 500 zomwe si zakwawo zabwera, makamaka mosazindikira. Imodzi, ntchentche ya parasitic, ikuukira mbalame zodziwika bwino za Darwin, malinga ndi a Galapagos Conservation Trust ku UK.

Mitundu ina yowononga zachilengedwe imabweretsedwa pamabwato oyendera alendo ndi sitima zonyamula katundu zonyamula chakudya ndi mafuta kupita kwa anthu omwe akuchulukirachulukira. Lipoti laposachedwa la Galapagos ndi magulu oteteza zachilengedwe amati zombozi sizimathira madzi otuluka m'nyanja. Mwezi uno magazini ya sayansi ya Global Change Biology inavumbula kuti, mwa mitundu 43 ya zamoyo za m’madzi za ku Galapagos zomwe zawopseza, imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ikhoza kutha kale.

Koposa zonse, zilumbazi zikulimbana ndi kutsenderezedwa kwa anthu ochokera kumtunda omwe amawona chuma cha dziko lawo la Pacific ngati malo atsopano olimba mtima. Apa, atha kupeza ntchito zomwe ndizovuta kupeza ku Ecuador komanso zomwe zimakopa malipiro apamwamba kuposa kunyumba. Ogwira ntchito yomanga, mwachitsanzo, amapeza $1,200 (£750) pamwezi ku Galapagos, koma $500 okha ku Ecuador. Kufikira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1970, anthu okhalamo anali pafupifupi 4,000. Kuyambira pamenepo, chiŵerengero cha anthu chakwera kuŵirikiza kasanu ndi kaŵiri, ngakhale kuti Ecuador posachedwapa “yabweza” anthu 1,000 kumtunda.

Midzi ing’onoing’ono yasanduka matauni aphokoso. Pafupifupi anthu 20,000 okhala ku Puerto Ayora ku Santa Cruz. Apa, alendo amapeza malo odyera ambiri, masitolo, mipiringidzo ndi malo osangalalira usiku - ambiri aiwo pa Charles Darwin Avenue. Mahotela ndi ma hostels nawonso ali ochuluka.

Zilumba zomwe anthu amakhalamo kale zikubuula chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zikuphatikiza masukulu 29 ndi ma eyapoti atatu. Ndege zamalonda zopita ku Galapagos zinawonjezeka ndi 193 peresenti pakati pa 2001 ndi 2006. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto ku Santa Cruz chokha chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 28 mu 1980 kufika ku 1,276 mu 2006. Charles Darwin Foundation ikuganiza kuti mbalame 9,000 zaphedwa pamsewu waukulu chaka chilichonse. pakati pa 2004 ndi 2006.

Zitsenderezozi zakhala zikuwonekera. Mu 2007, bungwe la UNESCO, bungwe la United Nations lomwe limayang'anira malo otetezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, lidayika zilumbazi pamndandanda wawo womwe uli pachiwopsezo, ndikugogomezera momwe zinthu ziliri. Pa Tsiku la Galapagos mu September chaka chino, Sir David Attenborough anachenjeza kuti zatsala pang’ono kutha: “Chifukwa cha zotsatirapo za kuloŵerera kwa anthu, zamoyo zambiri tsopano zatsala pang’ono kutha.” Iye ananena kuti popanda kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga “chuma chachibadwidwechi chidzatayika kosatha.”

Koma, pansi pa boma latsopano la Ecuador, a Galapagos akhala akulimbana ndi kuwonongeka. Ku Quito, likulu la Ecuadorean, Purezidenti Rafael Correa akuyesera kuchitapo kanthu pakuwopseza zilumbazi. "Chinthu choyamba chomwe ndidachita nditalowa ntchito mu Januware 2007 ndikuletsa anthu kuti azibwera kudzakhazikika ku Galapagos," adauza The Independent on Sunday posachedwa.

A Correa akufuna kukwaniritsa chitetezo chomwe chaperekedwa ku zisumbuzi komanso zomera ndi zinyama zake zodabwitsa pomwe adalengezedwa kuti ndi paki zaka 50 zapitazo. Iye wati ndi wonyadira kuti watsatira malamulo oyambirira a dziko lapansi omwe amaika chilengedwe pamalo apamwamba. Nkhani yake yoyamba imalengeza kuti: “Chilengedwe kapena Pachamama, kumene moyo umayambira, uli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhalako, kukhalitsa ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe ake a moyo, mapangidwe ake, ntchito zake ndi njira za chisinthiko.” Pulogalamu yamphamvu yathetsa mbuzi, abulu, ndi nkhumba 64,000 pachilumba cha Isabela, malinga ndi Galapagos Conservation Trust. Mitundu ina yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha yayamba kuchira.

Malingana ndi zilumba zazikulu za 20, anthu a ku Ecuador amayesa kusunga zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa mafuta omwe amachokera kunja omwe amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kuyenda pazilumbazi. “Ndili wofunitsitsa kulimbikitsa kupanga magetsi ku Galapagos pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphepo,” akutero a Marcela Aguinaga, nduna ya za chilengedwe ku Ecuador. Koma sikuyenda bwino. Muyenera kuyesetsa kuteteza mbalame kuwulukira mu vane ya makina opangira mphepo. Ndipo imeneyo si ntchito yophweka.”

Kumlingo wina, zokopa alendo zimayendetsedwa ndi mtengo wokwera wopita kuzilumbazi ndikukhala ndi moyo kumeneko, kuphatikiza ndi msonkho wa $ 110 womwe umaperekedwa kwa alendo oyendera alendo. Unesco yapempha Ecuador kuti iletse malo ogona atsopano m'matauni a zilumbazi. Eni mahotela ndi nyumba zogona, komabe, amatsutsana ndi ziwerengero za alendo.

Chisamaliro chachikulu chikuchitidwa pa akamba akuluakulu omwe zigoba zawo zokhala ndi ulamuliro zinakumbutsa anthu a ku Spain za zishalo ( galapagos ) zovalidwa ndi onyamula katundu. M'modzi mwazinthu zowonedwa bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi kunja kwa Las Vegas, akamba awiri aakazi, omwe amawatcha kuti Female 106 ndi 107, adayambanso kuyikira mazira chaka chatha, zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu motsatana, moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Giant Tortoise Reproductive and Nurture Center ku Santa. Cruz. Pangozi kupulumuka kwa mtundu winawake wa zamoyo.

Female 106 anali mnzake wa Solitario Jorge (Lonely George) kwa zaka 16. Mazira ake anayi amasungidwa pa 29.5C kuti alimbikitse, ngati atayidwa, kutuluka kwa akazi: ena awiriwo amasungidwa pa 28C ndi chiyembekezo kuti adzakhala amuna. Female 107 anali ndi ubale waufupi ndi Solitario Jorge. Palibe aliyense mwa 11 amene anatsimikizira kuti anathira feteleza.

Solitario Jorge akuganiziridwa kuti ndi membala womaliza wa mzere wake, Geochelone abingdoni. Pokhala ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 90, ndipo chotero akadali m’chiyambi cha moyo, iye mowonekeratu ali ndi mphamvu zakubala. Chiyembekezo chidzakhala kosatha kuti majini ake aperekedwa posachedwa.

M'madera ena a Ecuador ntchito yokonzanso yafika mochedwa kwambiri. Maboma akale ankhondo analola makampani amafuta aku America kuwononga nkhalango za Amazonia ndi kubowola kwawo. Tsopano Purezidenti Correa akukankhira lingaliro loti mayiko otukuka alipire Ecuador chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ndalama - nenani € $ 350ma chaka - ngati isunga mafuta ake osakhazikika pansi. Germany ikuwoneka kuti ikukondera mgwirizano woterewu wa chilengedwe. Koma, ponena za dziko lonse lapansi, zikhala mwa kuwongolera kwa Mr Correa ku Galapagos kuti adzaweruzidwa.