Munayamba mwadzifunsapo za mtundu wamadzi mukamayenda ndikuyatsa shawa m'chipinda chanu cha hotelo? Kapena pamene muthamanga mswachi wanu pansi pa madzi spigot? Kapena mukangosamba m’manja?
Madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku Ulaya, mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri anali apamwamba kwambiri m’chaka cha 2013, ndipo 95 % ya malowa amakwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa. Masamba am'mphepete mwa nyanja adachita bwinoko pang'ono kuposa madzi osamba amkati, zomwe zikuwonetsa.
Malo onse osambira ku Cyprus ndi Luxembourg adawonedwa ngati "abwino kwambiri". Mayikowa adatsatiridwa ndi Malta (99 % akuwoneka kuti ndi abwino), Croatia (95%) ndi Greece (93%). Kumapeto ena a sikelo, European Union Member States okhala ndi gawo lalikulu la malo okhala ndi 'osauka' anali Estonia (6 %), Netherlands (5 %), Belgium (4 %), France (3%), Spain (3 %) ndi Ireland (3 %).
Lipoti lapachaka la khalidwe la madzi osamba lochokera ku European Environment Agency (EEA) limayang'anira ubwino wa madzi pa malo osambira a 22,000 kudutsa EU, Switzerland ndipo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, Albania. Pambali pa lipotili, EEA yatulutsa mapu ochezera akuwonetsa momwe malo aliwonse osamba adachitira mu 2013.
Mkulu woyang’anira zachilengedwe Janez Potočnik anati: “Ndi bwino kuti madzi osamba ku Ulaya apitirizebe kukhala apamwamba. Koma sitingathe kunyalanyaza zinthu zamtengo wapatali ngati madzi. Tiyenera kupitiriza kuonetsetsa kuti kusamba kwathu ndi madzi akumwa komanso zachilengedwe za m’madzi n’zotetezedwa mokwanira.”
Hans Bruyninckx, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa EEA, adati: "Madzi osamba a ku Ulaya akhala akuyenda bwino m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi - sitikutulutsanso zinyalala zochuluka chonchi m'madzi. Vuto lamasiku ano limachokera ku katundu woipitsa kwakanthawi kochepa pamvula yamkuntho komanso kusefukira kwamadzi. Izi zitha kusefukira zimbudzi ndikutsuka mabakiteriya a ndowe kuchoka m’minda kupita ku mitsinje ndi nyanja.”
Akuluakulu am'deralo amawunika zitsanzo m'magombe am'deralo, kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo m'nyengo yachilimwe komanso nthawi yonse yosamba. Madzi osamba amatha kuwerengedwa kuti 'abwino kwambiri', 'abwino', 'okwanira' kapena 'osauka'. Ziwerengerozi zimatengera mitundu iwiri ya mabakiteriya omwe amawonetsa kuipitsidwa ndi zimbudzi kapena ziweto. Mabakiteriyawa amatha kuyambitsa matenda (kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba) akawameza.
Miyezo ya madzi osamba saganizira zinyalala, kuipitsa ndi zina zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti malo ambiri osambira ali aukhondo mokwanira kuti ateteze thanzi la anthu, zachilengedwe zambiri za m’madzi a ku Ulaya zili m’mavuto. Izi zikuwonekera m'nyanja za ku Ulaya - kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapeza kuti zachilengedwe za m'nyanja za ku Ulaya zikuopsezedwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kuipitsidwa, kusodza kwambiri ndi acidification. Zambiri mwa zitsenderezozi zikuchulukirachulukira.
Madzi osamba: zofunikira kwambiri:
- Ngakhale kuti 95 % ya malo osambirawo anakwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa, 83 % adakumana ndi "zabwino" kwambiri. Ndi 2% yokha yomwe idawerengedwa kuti ndi osauka.
- Gawo la malo omwe amadutsa zofunikira zochepa mu 2013 zinali zofanana ndi 2012. Komabe, chiwerengero cha malo 'abwino' chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 79 % mu 2012 kufika ku 83 % mu 2013.
- M'mphepete mwa nyanja, madzi anali abwinoko pang'ono, ndipo 85 % ya malo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Magombe onse a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku Slovenia ndi Cyprus ankaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri.
- Kumtunda, madzi osamba akuoneka kuti anali otsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi pafupifupi. Luxembourg inali dziko lokhalo lomwe lidalandira 'zabwino kwambiri' pamasamba ake onse osambira, pomwe Denmark ili pafupi ndi 94% yomwe idavotera bwino kwambiri. Germany idapeza chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba ichi pa 92 % ya pafupifupi malo 2 osambira amkati.
Zambiri:
Malo osambira amadzi a European Environment Agency
