Zotsatira za thanzi la kumwa mowa zikuyambitsanso mkangano waukulu. Ku Washington, opanga mfundo akukonzanso malangizo akumwa, ndipo ena akuda nkhawa kuti gulu lachinsinsi la akuluakulu omwe sanasankhidwe atha kuyika maziko pazomwe ena amatcha Prohibition 2.0.
Kuwunika kwa malangizo azakudya kumapereka mafunso ofunikira kwa opanga malamulo. Otsatira malamulo okhwima amatchula maphunziro okhudzana ndi mowa ndi zotsatira zoipa za thanzi, monga kuopsa kwa khansa, matenda a chiwindi, ndi matenda a maganizo. Kumbali ina, ochirikiza kudziletsa amatsutsa zitsogozo zozikidwa pa umboni zomwe zimalola munthu kusankha yekha.
Zokambirana zamasiku ano zikupereka chenjezo loletsa kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso m'malo mochirikiza kuletsa kotheratu. Komabe, chifukwa chakukula kwa chithandizo chaumoyo wa anthu m'malo osiyanasiyana - kuphatikiza zakudya, fodya, ndi zakumwa zotsekemera - pali nkhawa kuti izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale poterera. kuletsa obisika ngati chilimbikitso chaumoyo.
Ku Canada, akatswiri a Jürgen Rehm, Timothy Naimi, ndi Kevin Shield posachedwapa asintha malangizo akumwa m'dzikolo, motsutsa akulimbikitsa kuti pakhale zakumwa 15 pa sabata kwa amuna ndi 10 kwa amayi kumwa zakumwa ziwiri zokha pa sabata. Naimi, yemwe adathandiziranso kuwongolera zakudya zaku US zaka zisanu zapitazo, adayambitsa mikangano pokana kutsatira ndondomeko zowunikiranso.
Palibe Ndalama Zotetezedwa?
Lingaliro la "kusachuluka kwa mowa" kapena kuchepetsa malire ofanana ndi a Canada atha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pamakampani a mowa, omwe ayamba kale kuchepa pakati pa achinyamata aku America. Malangizo oterowo sangachepetse kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso komanso kungachititse kuti makampani oledzeretsa azizengereza milandu yamagulu osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatikumbutsanso za milandu imene makampani a fodya ankamenyana.
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linati “palibe kumwa mowa wochuluka ngati kuli kotetezeka,” ndipo boma la United States nalonso likutengera maganizo ofananawo, likunena kuti “palibe kumwa mowa wochuluka koti munthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi.”
Mbiri Yakale Yoletsa Kuletsa
Kumvetsetsa zomwe zingatheke kuyambiranso kwa ndondomeko ngati Zoletsa kumafuna kuyang'ana zochitika zakale. Nthawi yoyamba yoletsa kuletsa, motsogozedwa ndi malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, imayang'ana mowa ngati vuto la anthu. Mabungwe monga Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) adalimbikitsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, nthawi zambiri kumangoyang'ana anthu obwera kuchokera kumayiko ena omwe amawaganizira kuti amathandizira pazakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kaimidwe kakhalidwe kameneka kanayambitsa magaŵano pakati pa anthu.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Prohibition, komabe, kunavumbula zolakwika zake. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma speakeasies, upandu wolinganizidwa, ndi kufalikira kwa kusayeruzika kunapangitsa kuti pamapeto pake achotsedwe, kuwonetsa kuti kuletsa kotheratu kunali kosatheka komanso kopanda phindu.
Public Sentiment ndi Policy Dynamics
Malingaliro a anthu ndiwofunikira kwambiri munkhani iyi. Mosiyana ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, anthu masiku ano amaona kuti munthu aliyense payekha ayenera kusankha yekha zochita. Mavuto azaumoyo monga mliri wa opioid komanso kukwera kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwachititsa kuti boma liwonjezere kulowererapo, ndikupanga chododometsa pomwe ufulu waumwini ndi thanzi la anthu zikukambirana mosalekeza.
Njira zopangira zisankho m'makomiti aboma, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizidziwika bwino kwa anthu, zimadzetsa nkhawa zokhudzana ndi ulamuliro. Ngati akuluakulu omwe sanasankhidwe ayendetsa zokambirana za dziko pazakumwa mowa popanda kukambirana mokwanira ndi anthu komanso zamakampani kapena kuwonekera, iwo akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo choyambitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa mfundo ndi malingaliro a anthu.
Kupita Patsogolo
Pamene malangizo azakudya a 2025 akuwunikiridwa, kuthekera kwa kuyambiranso ngati Kuletsa kwa malamulo a mowa kumafunika kuganiziridwa mosamala. Kugwirizana pakati pa kulimbikitsa zosankha zabwino ndi kusunga ufulu waumwini ndi zokambirana za mbiri yakale zomwe zikupitirizabe kusintha. Maphunziro a nthawi yoyamba ya Kuletsa ayenera kufotokozera zokambirana zamakono, kutsindika kufunikira kwa ndondomeko yoganizira, yophatikizana yomwe imalemekeza ufulu wa munthu payekha pamene ikukamba za umoyo wa anthu.
Tsogolo la malamulo a mowa lidzadalira momwe kusamvana pakati pa kulengeza zaumoyo ndi ufulu waumwini kumayendera bwino. America ikuyang'anizana ndi mphambano, ndipo ngakhale kubwerera kumalingaliro okhwima kapena njira yolimbikitsira yomwe imalimbikitsa kudziletsa popanda zoletsa zazikulu, vuto lidzakhala kutsata anthu athanzi popanda kupereka ufulu wamunthu.
Malingaliro a anthu akadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa zokambirana zomwe zikuchitikazi. Mosiyana ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, chigogomezo chamakono cha ufulu waumwini ndi chosankha cha munthu chiri chowonekera. Monga gulu la anthu opanga malamulo aku America - kuphatikiza omwe akuchokera kumadera a bourbon ndi vinyo ngati Kentucky ndi California - akuwonetsa nkhawa ndipo amafuna kuwonekeratu, zikuwonekeratu kuti mgwirizano pakati pa ufulu wamunthu ndi thanzi la anthu upitiliza kuyambitsa mkangano.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
