Zotsatira ndi njira yopita ku Africa momwe mungapulumukire ku COVID-19

The Bungwe la African Tourism Board adakhazikitsa Gulu Loyang'anira Ntchito Zoyendera za COVID-19 motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Taleb Rifai ndi Alain St. Ange kuti atsogolere makampani oyendera maulendo aku Africa pamavuto a Coronavirus.

Bungwe la African Union langotulutsa lipoti lokhudza Coronavirus pa Economy ya Africa.

Pofika pa Epulo 9, kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kwafika ku Maiko 55 aku Africa: milandu 12,734, achira 1,717 ndi kufa 629; ndipo sakuwonetsa kuchedwetsa. Africa, chifukwa chotseguka ku malonda ndi kusamuka kwa mayiko, sikutetezedwa ku zotsatira zoyipa za COVID-19.

Pambuyo pa matenda oyamba ku China kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, matenda a Coronavirus (COVID-19) apitilira kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Palibe kontinenti yomwe yatha kuthawa kachilomboka, komwe kamapha anthu pafupifupi 2.3% (Malingana ndi Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Mpaka pano, pakhala anthu pafupifupi 96,000 omwe amwalira ndi anthu opitilira 1,6 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndipo 356,000 achira.

Adalengeza mliri ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) pa 11 Marichi 2020, COVID-19 yakhala yadzidzidzi padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwake pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi zochitika za International Monetary Fund (IMF), kukula kwapadziko lonse kumatha kutsika ndi 0.5 mchaka cha 2020.

Magwero ena angapo akuloseranso kugwa kwakukula kwapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa COVID-19. Chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chikhoza kulowa m'malo osachepera theka loyamba la chaka cha 2020, powonjezera zovuta zomwe zachitika mwadzidzidzi (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kufunikira, kutsika kwazinthu, kugwa kwa alendo obwera kudzacheza, ndi zina). Komabe, pamene mliriwu ukukula pang’onopang’ono ku kontinenti ya ku Africa, maphunziro opangidwa ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse sathana ndi vuto lazachuma kumayiko ena aku Africa. Zowonadi, Africa sinatewere ku Covid19. Monga lero, malinga ndi Covid19 Surveillance ndi zosamveka.

• Zotsatira zachilendozi zimachokera ku mgwirizano wa malonda pakati pa mayiko omwe akhudzidwa monga Asia, Europe ndi United States; zokopa alendo; kuchepa kwa ndalama zochokera ku Africa Diaspora; Ndalama Zakunja Zakunja ndi Thandizo lachitukuko cha Official; kusaloleka kwandalama ndi kukhwimitsa msika wachuma m'nyumba, etc.

• Zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'maiko ambiri a mu Africa.

M'malo mwake, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudwala komanso kufa. Kumbali inayi, zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zachuma. Izi zitha kuchititsa, kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa ndalama zapakhomo pamisonkho chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mitengo yamafuta ndi katundu komanso kukwera kwa ndalama za boma pofuna kuteteza thanzi la anthu komanso kuthandizira ntchito zachuma.

I.2. Zolinga

Ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe COVID-19 ikukhudzira zachuma, ngakhale mliriwu uli pachiwopsezo chocheperako ku Africa, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa obwera ochokera kumayiko ena aku Asia, Europe, ndi North America komanso njira zopewera chitetezo. m’maiko ena a ku Africa. Chuma cha ku Africa chimakhalabe chosakhazikika komanso chokhazikika komanso chosavutikira kugwedezeka kwakunja. Mu kafukufukuyu, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yotengera zomwe zikuchitika, kuti tiwone momwe mliriwu ungakhudzire madera osiyanasiyana azachuma aku Africa. Chifukwa chazovuta zowerengera zotsatira zenizeni chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika, kusinthika kwachangu kwa mliriwu, komanso kusowa kwa zidziwitso, ntchito yathu imayang'ana kwambiri kumvetsetsa zomwe zingachitike pazachuma ndi zachuma kuti tipereke malingaliro oti ayankhe. mavuto. Zomwe tikuphunzira kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu zipereka chidziwitso chochuluka panjira yopita patsogolo, popeza kontinenti ili m'gawo lofunika kwambiri la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Dera la Ufulu Wamalonda Padziko Lonse (AfCFTA).

I.3. Njira ndi Kapangidwe

Pepalali likuwonetsa momwe chuma chilili padziko lapansi ndikuwunika momwe chuma chapadziko lonse chidzakhudzire. Kutengera kufotokozera kwa zizindikiro zenizeni za chuma cha ku Africa pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zapangidwa.

Pambuyo pake, tikuwunika momwe chuma cha ku Africa chidzakhudzire pazochitika zilizonse ndikuwonetsa zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe mayiko ena a African Union ali nawo. Pepala limamaliza ndi mfundo zomaliza ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za ndondomeko.

CURRENT INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT

Mavuto omwe abwera chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus akugwetsa chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi mozama chomwe sichikudziwika kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndikuwonjezera mavuto azachuma omwe anali akuvutikira kale kuti abwerere ku vuto la 2008. Kupitilira pa zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu (zowonongeka ndi kufa ndi kufa), COVID-19 ikusokoneza chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi cholumikizidwa kudzera muunyolo wamtengo wapatali wapadziko lonse lapansi, womwe umapangitsa pafupifupi theka la malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwamitengo yazinthu, ndalama zandalama, malisiti akunja, mayendedwe azachuma akunja, zoletsa kuyenda, kuchepa kwa zokopa alendo ndi mahotela, msika wantchito wozizira, ndi zina.

Mliri wa Covid-19 wakhudza chuma chonse padziko lonse lapansi, kulosera zavuto lalikulu lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi mu 2020..

European Union, United States ndi Japan ndi gawo la GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi. Chuma ichi chimachokera ku malonda, ntchito ndi mafakitale. Komabe, njira zothetsera mliriwu zawakakamiza kutseka malire awo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito zachuma; zomwe zidzadzetsa kugwa kwachuma m'mayiko ena otukukawa. Chuma cha China chimapanga pafupifupi 16% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndiye bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda m'maiko ambiri aku Africa komanso padziko lonse lapansi. OECD imaneneratu za kuchepa kwa mitengo yakukula kwachuma kwa mayiko akuluakulu azachuma motere: China 4.9% m'malo mwa 5.7%, Europe 0.8% m'malo mwa 1.1%, dziko lonse lapansi 2.4% m'malo 2.9%, pomwe GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ikutsika ndi 0.412 kuchokera gawo loyamba la 2020. UNCTAD ikuneneratu za kutsika kwa ndalama zakunja kwa ndalama zakunja kuchokera ku -5% mpaka - 15%. Ndalama ya International Monetary

Fund yalengeza pa 23 Marichi 2020 kuti osunga ndalama achotsa $ 83 biliyoni m'misika yomwe ikubwera kuyambira pomwe mavutowo adayamba.

Malinga ndi World Economic Outlook ya IMF, kukula kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala 2.5% mu 2020, kukwera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi 2.4% mu 2019, chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kwapang'onopang'ono kwa malonda ndi mabizinesi.

M'zachuma zapamwamba, kuchepa kwa 1.6% mpaka 1.4% kumayembekezeredwa, makamaka chifukwa cha kufooka kosalekeza kwa makampani opanga zinthu. OECD idatsitsa zomwe zaneneratu pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwapadziko lonse lapansi kutsika mpaka 1½% mu 2020, theka lachiwonetsero chomwe chikuyembekezeka kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Komabe, ngakhale ndizovuta kuyeza momwe COVID-19 ikukhudzira chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi, mfundo zina zojambulidwa zitha kuwonetsa momwe chuma chadziko lapansi chidzakhudzire:

Kutsika kwakukulu kwamitengo ya zinthu. Mitengo yamafuta idataya pafupifupi 50% ya mtengo wake kutsika kuchoka pa US $ 67 mbiya kupita pansi pa US $ 30 mbiya.

Poyankha kuthandizira mitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi mliri wa Coronavirus, opanga mafuta akuluakulu akufuna kuti achepetse kupanga, chifukwa anthu amadya pang'ono ndikutsika kuyenda. Gulu la Ogulitsa Mafuta Ogulitsa kunja kwa OPEC lidavomera kuti lichepetse kutulutsa ndi migolo 1.5 miliyoni patsiku (bpd) mpaka Juni ndipo dongosololi linali la mayiko omwe si a OPEC, kuphatikiza.

Russia, kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika. Komabe, izi sizinachitike ngati Saudi Arabia pa 08 Marichi idalengeza kuti ichulukitsa kupanga, zomwe zidakulitsa nkhondo zamafuta pomwe omwe si a OPEC adabwezera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitengo yamafuta igwe.

Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014 kunathandizira kutsika kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa GDP ku sub-Saharan Africa kuchoka pa 5.1 peresenti mu 2014 kufika pa 1.4 peresenti mu 2016. Panthawi imeneyo, mitengo yamafuta amafuta idatsika ndi 56 peresenti m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa pakadali pano kwakhala kofulumira kwambiri, pomwe akatswiri ena akuwonetsa kuti mitengo yatsika kwambiri kuposa chaka cha 2014. Kale, mitengo yamafuta amafuta yatsika ndi 54 peresenti m'miyezi itatu yapitayi kuyambira chiyambi cha chaka. mitengo ikutsika pansi pa $30 pa mbiya. Mitengo yazinthu zopanda mafuta yatsikanso kuyambira Januware, pomwe mitengo ya gasi ndi zitsulo yatsika ndi 30 peresenti ndi 4 peresenti, motsatana (Brookings Institution, 2020). Aluminiyamu yagweranso ndi 0.49%; mkuwa 0.47% ndi kutsogolera 1.64%. Cocoa yataya 21% ya mtengo wake m'masiku asanu apitawa.

Mitengo yapadziko lonse yazakudya zofunika kwambiri, monga mpunga ndi tirigu, ingakhudzenso mayiko aku Africa. Mayiko angapo a ku Africa ndi omwe amagulitsa zinthu izi kuchokera kunja. Ngati kufalikira kwa COVID-19 kukadakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa 2020 kapena kupitilira apo, ndiye funso lingakhale momwe mitengo yazinthuzi isinthira

Makampani opanga ndege ndi maulendo ndi amodzi mwamagawo omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri.

Ndalama zomwe makampani opanga ndege amapeza zinali $ 830 biliyoni mchaka cha 2019. Ndalama izi zikuyembekezeka kufika $ 872 biliyoni mu 2020. Pamene kuchuluka kwa matenda atsopano kukupitilirabe padziko lonse lapansi, maboma akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti achepetse kufalikira. Mayiko ambiri ayimitsa maulendo ataliatali. Pa 5th Marichi 2020, International

Bungwe la Air Transport Association (IATA) lati Covid-19 atha kusokoneza kwambiri bizinesiyo ndikutaya pafupifupi US $ 113 biliyoni. Chiwerengerochi ndi chocheperako chifukwa maiko ambiri akutseka malire awo ndipo palibe amene akudziwa kuti atsegulidwe liti.

Makampani okopa alendo akukumananso ndi zovuta zofanana. Malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) Kuyerekeza kwaposachedwa, padzakhala kugwa kwapakati pa 20-30% komwe kungatanthauze kuchepa kwa risiti zapadziko lonse zokopa alendo (zotumiza kunja) pakati pa US $ 300-450 biliyoni, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a US $ 1.5 thililiyoni wopangidwa mu 2019. Poganizira momwe msika ukuyendera, zikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwapakati pazaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kutha chifukwa cha Coronavirus. Kukhazikitsidwa kosaneneka kwa zoletsa kuyenda padziko lonse lapansi, obwera alendo ochokera kumayiko ena atsika ndi 20% mpaka 30% mu 2020 poyerekeza ndi ziwerengero za 2019. Ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri m'makampaniwa ali pachiwopsezo chotayika chifukwa pafupifupi 80% ya mabizinesi onse okopa alendo ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (SMEs). Makampani a Hotel and Hospitality angataye 20% ya zomwe apeza ndipo chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chokwera mpaka 40% mpaka 60% kumayiko ngati Cambodia, Vietnam ndi Thailand (komwe gawoli likuyimira pafupifupi 20% ya ntchito). Malo apamwamba kwambiri okopa alendo Padziko Lonse ndi France yomwe ili ndi alendo pafupifupi 89 miliyoni pachaka, Spain ndi pafupifupi 83 miliyoni; USA (80 miliyoni), China (63 miliyoni), Italy (62 miliyoni), Turkey (46 miliyoni), Mexico (41 miliyoni), Germany (39 miliyoni), Thailand (38 miliyoni), ndi United Kingdom (36 miliyoni). Ntchito zokopa alendo komanso kuyenda zimathandizira ntchito imodzi mwa 10 (319 miliyoni) padziko lonse lapansi ndikutulutsa 10.4% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kutsekeka m'maikowa kukuwonetsa momwe Covid19 idzakhudzire ntchito zokopa alendo padziko lonse lapansi.

Misika yazachuma padziko lonse ikukumananso ndi zovuta zake.

Pambuyo pa gawo la Black Lolemba (Marichi 9), misika yayikulu yamisika yamsika yangokumana ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri m'mbiri yawo mzaka zambiri. A Dow Jones adataya pafupifupi mfundo 3000 tsiku limodzi. FTSE idatsika ndi pafupifupi 5% ndipo kutayika kukuyerekeza kupitilira US $ 90 biliyoni, kungotchula ziwiri zokha. Mabanki ataya pafupifupi 40% ya mtengo wake mwezi watha ndipo zomwe zikuchitikazi zikadalibebe.

Official China's Manufacturing Purchasing Managers index- amayesa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za fakitale, kutengera ku Bloomberg. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi udakumana ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu kuchokera ku COVID-19. Monga zasonyezedwa ndi deta ndi tchati mu Graph 7, kuyambira pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 unayamba, zotuluka ku China zidatsika kwambiri kuchokera pa 50% mu Januware mpaka kumapeto kwa February 37.5%. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa kupanga kumeneku kwakhudza kwambiri mayiko chifukwa China ndiye gwero lalikulu la makina opangira zomangamanga ndi magalimoto. Kuti athandizire kufalikira kwa matendawa mafakitale ambiri adatseka ntchito.

Kukwera kwa ulova padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa 5.3 miliyoni ("otsika") ndi 24.7 miliyoni ("mkulu"). Kusokonekera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kungapangitse ulova wapadziko lonse ndi pafupifupi 25 miliyoni, malinga ndi kuwunika kwatsopano kwa International Labor Organisation (ILO). Chiyerekezo cha ILO chikhoza kutengera ntchito m'magawo okhazikika m'maiko otukuka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa, chiwopsezo cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chinali pa 76.6 peresenti ku Sub-Saharan Africa, pomwe ntchito zosagwirizana ndi zaulimi m'zachuma zosavomerezeka zikuyimira 66 peresenti ya anthu onse ogwira ntchito ndi 52 peresenti kumpoto kwa Africa. Chiwopsezo cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chinali pa 76.6 peresenti mu 2014 (ILO, 2015).

Kuthana ndi mavuto omwe ali m'mayiko osiyanasiyana Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto lomwe silinachitikepo. Zotsatira za miliri ndi njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kuti zichepetse kufalikira komanso "kufewetsa pamapindikira" zidzakhudza momwe chuma chikuyendera. Mosiyana ndi zovuta zam'mbuyomu, mawonekedwe atsopanowa akuphatikiza kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono komanso zofunikira m'magawo angapo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo m'mabanja ndi m'mabungwe, maboma akupanga mayankho osiyanasiyana pamalamulo, kuphatikiza thandizo lachindunji, kukulitsa zitsimikizo zanthawi yopuma misonkho, kubweza chiwongola dzanja pangongole.

OECD yapanga njira zotsatizana ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala ake zomwe zilipo www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/

Mayiko angapo komanso zigawo zazachuma atenga njira zachuma ndi zachuma kuti apeze Covid-19 pomwe akuperekanso thandizo lazachuma pantchito zawo zachuma. Mabungwe a Bretton Woods akhazikitsa njira zoperekera ngongole zadzidzidzi komanso ndalama zothandizira mayiko omwe ali mamembala awo. Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera mwachidule njira zosankhidwa zomwe zatengedwa mpaka pano padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pa Marichi 25th, 2020:

G20: Kuyika ndalama zoposa $5 thililiyoni pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, monga gawo lazachuma, njira zachuma komanso njira zotsimikizira kuti chuma chisayende bwino chifukwa cha mliri.

China: Zosungirako zochepa ndikumasula ndalama zoposa $ 70.6 biliyoni kuti zikweze chuma ndikulengeza thandizo la 154 biliyoni.

South Korea: Bank of Korea (BOK) (kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja kuchokera 1.25 mpaka 0.75%) ndi 16, 7 biliyoni madola poyankha Covid-19.

England: Bank of England (kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja kuchokera ku 0.75% mpaka 0.25%) ndikulengeza 37 biliyoni ngati yankho ku Covid-19

European Union: ECB yalengeza Thandizo ku EU Economy ya 750 biliyoni ya euro.

France: adalengeza 334 biliyoni ya Euro ngati yankho ku Covid-19

Germany: 13.38 biliyoni Euro poyankha Covid-19

United States: Bungwe la US Federal Reserve lachepetsa ndondomeko yake ndi mfundo 150 kufika pa 0 - 0.25 peresenti m'masabata awiri apitawa ndikuyambitsa njira zochepetsera ndalama kuti zithetse mavuto a zachuma ndipo Boma la US Federal linapereka 2000 biliyoni zothandizira ma SME, Pakhomo. : Banja la anthu 4 $3000; Makampani akuluakulu a $ 500 Biliyoni, Makampani Oyendetsa Ndege a $ 50 biliyoni.

Australia: Madola 10.7 biliyoni

New Zealand: Madola 7.3 biliyoni

Banki Yadziko Lonse: Madola 12 biliyoni

IMF: ali okonzeka kulimbikitsa kubwereketsa kwa $ 1 thililiyoni kuti athandize mamembala ake. Zidazi zitha kupereka ndalama zokwana $50 biliyoni kwa omwe akutukuka kumene komanso akutukuka kumene. Mpaka $ 10 biliyoni atha kuperekedwa kwa mamembala omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kudzera m'malo opangira ndalama, omwe amakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja cha zero.

KUSANGALALA KWA ZIMENE ZIMACHITIKA PA CHUMA CHA AFRICA

Mavuto a Covid-19 akhudza chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi komanso cha Africa. Magawo ena ofunikira azachuma aku Africa akukumana kale ndi kuchepa chifukwa cha mliriwu. Zokopa alendo, mayendedwe apandege, ndi gawo lamafuta akhudzidwa mowonekera. Komabe, zovuta zosawoneka za Covid-19 zikuyembekezeka mu 2020 mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yomwe mliriwu wakula. Kuti muwunikire, zochitika zapangidwa (onani zowonjezera 1) pamaziko a zongoganiza zomwe zimatengera zovuta zazachuma, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe.

Kuti muwunikire zomwe zimachitika, pepalali limaganizira zochitika 2 zotsatirazi:

Chitsanzo 1: Pazochitika zoyamba izi, mliriwu umatenga miyezi inayi ku Europe, China ndi America usanalamuliridwe motere: Disembala 4, 15 - 2019 Marichi 15 ku China (miyezi 2020), February - Meyi 3 ku Europe (miyezi 2020 ), Marichi - Juni 4 (US) (miyezi 2020) China, Europe ndi America (USA, Canada ndi ena) nthawi ya Disembala 4, 15 - 2019 Marichi 15 ku China (miyezi 2020), February - Meyi 3 ku Europe (Miyezi 2020), Marichi - Juni 4 (US) (miyezi 2020). Chuma chawo chikuyembekezeka kuyambiranso kuyambira pa Julayi 4. M'menemo, mliriwu ukhala kwa miyezi 2020 kuyambira Marichi - Julayi 5 usanakhazikike (Africa siyikukhudzidwa kwambiri, mfundo ndi njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kuti zikhale ndi othandizira anzawo. , ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chidzachepetsa kufalikira kwa mliriwu.

Chitsanzo 2: Muzochitika izi, tikuwona mitundu itatu ya mliri wa mliri: miyezi 3 (Dec. - March) ku China, Miyezi 4 (February-June) m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi America ndi miyezi 6 (March-August) m'mayiko a ku Africa. Pamenepa, gawoli ndikuchita bwino kwa ndale zomwe zawonjezeredwa kuti zitheke kuwunika nthawi yomwe mliriwu ukuchitika m'madera osiyanasiyana.

Impact Padziko Lonse pa Chuma cha Africa
Gawoli likuwunika momwe Covid-19 akhudzira kukula kwachuma ku Africa ndi magawo ena.

Zokhudza Kukula kwa Economic Africa

Kukula kwa Africa kwasintha kwambiri pazaka khumi za 2000-2010. Pambuyo pa zaka khumi za chidaliro chatsopanochi, kukayikira kwakwera pa kuthekera kwa Africa kukhalabe ndi ziwopsezo zakukula kokhazikika. Chifukwa chofunika kwambiri chomwe chinali kukayikira kumeneku chinali kudalira kwachuma kwa mayiko akuluakulu a mu Africa pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kusintha kwamitengo yazinthu zomwe zidayamba mu 2014, zidayimitsa gawo la kukula kwakukulu komwe sikunachitikepo m'ma 2000, kuyambira 1970s. Choncho kukula kwachuma kunagwa, kuchokera + 5% pafupifupi pakati pa 2000 ndi 2014 mpaka + 3.3% pakati pa 2015 ndi 2019. Pambuyo pa nthawi yaifupi yachisangalalo ndi chisangalalo, Africa ikukumananso ndi kukula kosakwanira kuti ifike pachuma. . Komabe, bungwe la African Union likuyerekeza kukula kwa 7% ku kontinenti kuti kuchepetse umphawi.

Zolosera zomwe zili ndi zochitika zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kukula kwa 3.4% mu 2020 (AfDB, 2019). Komabe, ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamagulu akuluakulu azachuma monga zokopa alendo, maulendo, kutumiza kunja; ndi kutsika kwamitengo ya zinthu, kutsika kwa chuma chaboma kuti apeze ndalama za boma, zingakhale zosatheka kukwaniritsa chiyembekezero ichi cha kukula kwa mitengo mu 2020.

Kukula koyembekezeredwa mu 2020 (zovuta za COVID-19 zisanachitike S1 (Kutsika poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa 2020) kukhudzidwa kwa S2 (Kutsika poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa 2020)

Muzochitika ziwirizi, kukula kwa Africa kudzatsika kwambiri mpaka kufika paziwopsezo zoipa. Chiyambi cha zochitika zoyambira S0 anali, popanda mawonekedwe a Covid-19, chiwonjezeko cha 3.4% ku Africa mu 2020 (AfDB, 2020). S1  ndi S2 zochitika (zenizeni ndi zokayikitsa) kuyerekeza kukula kwachuma koyipa kwa -0.8% (kutayika kwa  4.18 pp poyerekeza ndi zomwe zinayambira) ndi -1.1 peresenti (kutayika kwa 4.51 pp poyerekeza ndi koyambirira  chiwonetsero) ya maiko aku Africa mu 2020. Avereji yomwe ndi yolemedwa ndi kuthekera1  mwa zochitika ziwirizi ndikuwonetsa kukula koyipa kwa -0.9 peresenti (-4.49% pp poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeka).

Mliri wa COVID-19 wakhudza pafupifupi maiko onse aku Africa ndipo akuwoneka kuti akuyandikira kwambiri. Kusokonezeka kwachuma cha dziko kudzera muzitsulo zamtengo wapatali zapadziko lonse, kugwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi ndalama za ndalama komanso kukakamiza maulendo ndi zoletsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mayiko ambiri a ku Africa ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula koipa. Zogulitsa kunja ndi zogulitsa kunja kwa mayiko a ku Africa zikuyembekezeka kutsika ndi osachepera 35% kuchokera pamlingo womwe udafika mu 2019. Choncho, kutayika kwamtengo wapatali kumakhala pafupifupi madola 270 biliyoni a US. Kulimbana ndi kufalikira kwa kachilomboka komanso chithandizo chamankhwala kupangitsa kuti ndalama zomwe anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mu Africa ziwonjezeke pafupifupi 130 biliyoni.

Lingaliro lomwe lapangidwa paziwonetsero za 2 ndikuti ali olingana chifukwa chake amakhala ndi mwayi womwewo wozindikirika.

 

Kutayika kwa Ntchito ndi Ntchito mu Zokopa alendo ku Africa ndi Makampani Oyenda

Tourism, gawo lofunikira lazachuma m'maiko ambiri ku Africa, lidzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi COVID-19 ndikuwonjezera zoletsa kuyenda, kutseka malire komanso kusamvana. IATA ikuyerekeza thandizo la zachuma la makampani oyendetsa ndege mu Africa pa US$ 55.8 biliyoni ya madola, kuthandizira ntchito 6.2 miliyoni ndi 2.6% ya GDP. Zoletsa izi zimakhudza ndege zapadziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza zimphona zazikulu zaku Africa Ethiopian Airlines, Egyptair, Kenya Airways, South African Airways, ndi zina zambiri. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa koyamba zidzapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito ndi zida zandege asagwire ntchito. Komabe, munthawi yake, ndege zimanyamula pafupifupi 35% yamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ntchito iliyonse yamayendedwe apandege imathandizira ena 24 pamaulendo ndi zokopa alendo, zomwe zimapanga ntchito pafupifupi 70 miliyoni (IATA, 2020).

Mawu ochokera ku IATA akusonyeza kuti “kusungitsa malo kwa mayiko ku Africa kunatsika pafupifupi 20% m’mwezi wa Marichi ndi Epulo, kusungitsa malo m’nyumba kunatsika pafupifupi 15% mu Marichi ndi 25% mu Epulo. Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa, kubwezeredwa kwa Tikitiko kudakwera ndi 75% mu 2020 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2019 (01 February - 11 Marichi) ".

Malinga ndi zomwezi, ndege zaku Africa zataya kale ndalama zokwana $ 4.4 biliyoni pofika pa Marichi 11, 2020 chifukwa cha COVID19. Ethiopian Airlines yawonetsa kutayika kwa $190 miliyoni.

Chiwerengero cha alendo ku kontinentichi chikupitilira kukula ndi chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha 5% mu gawo la 15 lokhazikika m'zaka zaposachedwa. Chiwerengero chawo chinali pafupifupi 70 miliyoni mu 2019 ndipo chikuyembekezeka kufika 75 miliyoni mu 2020 (UNWTO). Kuyenda ndi zokopa alendo ndi imodzi mwamainjini akulu azachuma aku Africa, omwe amawerengera 8.5% ya GDP mu 2019 malinga ndi World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC).

 Ndalama zokopa alendo mu GDP (%) m'maiko ena aku Africa 2019

Kwa mayiko 15 aku Africa, gawo la zokopa alendo limayimira zoposa 10% ya GDP ndipo kwa 20 mwa mayiko 55 aku Africa, gawo lazokopa alendo pazachuma cha dziko ndiloposa 8%. Gawoli limathandizira kwambiri ku GDP m'maiko ngati Seychelles, Cape Verde ndi Mauritius (oposa 25% ya GDP).

Ntchito zokopa alendo zimalemba anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni m'maiko otsatirawa: Nigeria, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, ndi Tanzania. Ntchito zokopa alendo zimakhala zoposa 20 peresenti ya anthu onse ogwira ntchito ku Seychelles, Cape Verde, São Tomé ndi Príncipe, ndi Mauritius. M'nthawi yamavuto am'mbuyomu, kuphatikiza vuto lazachuma la 2008 komanso kugwedezeka kwamitengo yazinthu za 2014, zokopa alendo ku Africa zidatayika mpaka $7.2 biliyoni.

Pazochitika zapakati, gawo la zokopa alendo ndi maulendo ku Africa litha kutaya ndalama zosachepera $50 biliyoni chifukwa cha mliri wa Covid 19 komanso ntchito zosachepera 2 miliyoni zachindunji komanso zosalunjika.

African Exports

Malinga ndi UNTACD, panthawiyi (2015-2019), mtengo wapakati pazamalonda ku Africa unali US $ 760 biliyoni pachaka zomwe zikuyimira 29% ya GDP yaku Africa. Malonda apakati pa Africa amatenga 17% yokha ya malonda onse a mayiko aku Africa.

Malonda apakati pa Africa ndi amodzi mwa otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madera ena padziko lapansi, pa 16.6% ya onse. Kuchepa kwa kusintha kwa mafakitale, chitukuko cha zomangamanga, kugwirizanitsa ndalama ndi ndalama komanso zolepheretsa za tariff ndi zopanda msonkho, ndizomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chuma cha ku Africa chikhale chachuma komanso chokhudzidwa ndi zododometsa ndi zisankho zakunja.

Trade Partners of Africa

Zogulitsa kunja kwa kontinentiyi zimayendetsedwa ndi zida zopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo kuchokera kumakampani aku Europe, Asia ndi America. Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa komanso kutsika kwamafuta kumakhudzanso kukula kwa mayiko aku Africa.

Ogwirizana nawo akuluakulu aku Africa ndi European Union, China ndi United States. European Union, kudzera mu EU chifukwa cha ubale wamphamvu wa mbiri yakale ndi kontinenti ya Africa, imachita zosinthana zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi 34%. Makumi asanu ndi asanu ndi anai pa 59 (20.7%) a katundu wa ku North Africa akutumizidwa ku Ulaya, poyerekeza ndi 18.5% ku Southern Africa. China pakukula kwa mafakitale kwa zaka khumi yakweza kuchuluka kwa malonda ake ndi Africa: 44.3% ya zogulitsa kunja kwa Africa zimapita ku China. Maperesenti makumi anayi ndi anayi (6.3%) a ku Central Africa akutumizidwa ku China, poyerekeza ndi 2019% ku North Africa (AUC/OECD, XNUMX).

Mayiko opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mayiko a mu Africa amapeza chuma chawo chochuluka kuchokera kumayiko akunja. Kukula kwachuma kwa pafupifupi 5% komwe Africa inakumana nayo zaka 14 zapitazo 2014 idathandizidwa makamaka ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa 2014 kutsika kwa mitengo yamafuta kunathandizira kutsika kwakukulu kwa GDP ku sub-Saharan Africa kuchoka pa 5.1 peresenti mu 2014 kufika pa 1.4 peresenti mu 2016.

Zipangizo za mu Afirika zomwe sizingapitirizidwenso zimatumizidwa kunja monga peresenti ya GDP kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2017.

Masiku ano, mafuta osapsa akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri m'mbiri yake, kutsika pansi pa madola 30 mbiya, chifukwa cha kutha kwa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi (omwe adayamba ku China kuyambira Januware) kutsatira mliri wa Covid-19 komanso nthawi yomweyo kusamvana pakati pawo. Saudi Arabia ndi Russia. Chifukwa cha kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta pakadali pano, kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa malonda kudzakhala kwachuma chokhudzidwa ndi zinthu, Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, ndi Republic of the Congo pakati pa omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri.

Mayiko a CEMAC adzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutsika kwa mtengo wa mafuta, zomwe zidzakulitsa kusowa kwa ndalama zakunja ndipo mwinamwake kulimbikitsa lingaliro la kutsika kwa mtengo wa CFA. Kutumiza mafuta kunja kumachokera ku 3 peresenti ya GDP ku South Africa (yomwe ili kale pansi pachuma komanso kusonyeza kukula kofooka) kufika pa 40 peresenti ku Equatorial Guinea komanso pafupifupi chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a ku South Sudan, ndipo ndi gwero lalikulu la ndalama zakunja. Kwa Nigeria ndi Angola, omwe amapanga mafuta ambiri mu kontinentiyi, ndalama zamafuta zimayimira zoposa 90% ya zogulitsa kunja ndi zoposa 70% za bajeti zadziko lawo, ndipo kutsika kwamitengo kungawakhudzenso chimodzimodzi.

Bungwe la United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) likuyerekeza zotayika zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kugwa kwa mitengo ya mbiya pa 65 biliyoni ya US dollars, yomwe mpaka 19 biliyoni kutayika kwa US dollars kukuyembekezeka ku Nigeria. Mwachitsanzo, Nigeria yapanga zoneneratu za bajeti ya kotala yoyamba kutengera mtengo wakale wa mbiya pa 67 US dollars. Mtengowu tsopano watsika ndi 50% (OECD Development Center, 2020). Nkhani ya ku Nigeria ikufotokoza mwachidule momwe mayiko akuyendera malinga ndi ndalama zamafuta makamaka ndi zipangizo zonse, zonse zomwe ziyenera kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe amapeza kwa magawo awiri oyambirira. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti Angola ndi Nigeria pamodzi zitha kutaya ndalama zokwana madola 65 biliyoni. Izi zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsera ndalama zogulira ndalama zakunja za mayikowa ndi kuthekera kwawo kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu awo a chitukuko mosavuta, ndipo zoyesayesa zochepetsera umphawi zidzapambana. Kuphatikiza apo, maikowa adzafunika zida zofunikira kuti athe kuthana ndi mliri wa Covid-19 thanzi komanso mavuto azachuma. Pofika pa Marichi 4, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya katundu wa Epulo wonyamula mafuta osapsa kuchokera ku Angola ndi Nigeria anali asanagulitsidwe, ndipo ogulitsa mafuta ena aku Africa monga Gabon ndi Congo amavutikanso kupeza ogula. South Sudan ndi Eretria akhudzidwanso ndi kugwa kwa malonda ndi kusweka kwa ma chain ku China. Kugula kwa China kumapanga 95 peresenti ya zinthu zonse zomwe South Sudan zimatumizidwa kunja ndi 58 peresenti ya Eritrea.

Zogulitsa kunja kwa Africa zakhudzidwa ndi Covid-19. Kutsika kwa katundu ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China kwawonjezera kukwera kwa inflation ku South Africa, Ghana, ndi zina zotero. Ambiri ang'onoang'ono osauka ochokera kunja, amalonda ndi ogula ku Nigeria, Uganda, Mozambique, ndi Niger akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli pamene akupeza zofunika pamoyo wawo akugulitsa zinthu zaku China monga nsalu, zamagetsi, ndi katundu wa eni nyumba.

Ndalama zakunja zaku Africa

Chuma cha ku Africa nthawi zonse chakhala chikukumana ndi kusalinganika kwamaakaunti komwe kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kuchepa kwa malonda. Pamene kusonkhanitsa ndalama zapakhomo kumakhalabe kotsika ku Africa, maiko ambiri a ku Africa amadalira kwambiri ndalama zakunja zopezera ndalama zomwe akusowa panopa. Zimaphatikizapo FDI, ndalama zogulira ndalama, ndalama zotumizira, thandizo lachitukuko, ndi ngongole zakunja. Komabe, kutsika komwe kukuyembekezeredwa kapena kuchepa kwa maiko oyambira kungayambitse kutsika kwa Official Development Assistance (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Portfolio Investment inflows and Remittances kuyendera Africa. Zowonongeka zomwe zingatheke pamisonkho ndi ndalama zakunja chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zachuma zidzalepheretsa mphamvu za mayiko a ku Africa kuti azipeza ndalama zothandizira chitukuko chawo ndikupangitsa kuti ndalama zakunja ziwonongeke komanso kutsika kwamtengo wapatali.

Kutumiza: Ndalama zotumizira zakhala gwero lalikulu lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi ku Africa kuyambira 2010, zomwe zikuwerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zonse zakunja. Iwo amaimira gwero lokhazikika la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Ndalama zotumizidwa monga gawo la GDP zimaposa 5 peresenti m’maiko 13 a mu Afirika, ndipo zimafika pa 23 peresenti ku Lesotho ndi kupitirira 12 peresenti ku Comoros, Gambia, ndi Liberia. Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, mayiko akuluakulu azachuma mu Africa, Egypt ndi Nigeria, amatenga 60 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Africa.

Ndalama Zakunja Zakunja: Malinga ndi UNCTAD (2019), kuyenda kwa FDI kupita ku Africa kudakwera mpaka $46 biliyoni ngakhale kutsika kwapadziko lonse lapansi, chiwonjezeko cha 11 peresenti pambuyo pakutsika motsatizana mu 2016 ndi 2017. ku South Africa pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za kutsika kochepa. Maiko apamwamba a 5 omwe adalandirapo anali mu 2017: South Africa ($ 5.3 biliyoni, + 165.8%), Egypt ($ 6.8 biliyoni, -8.2%); Morocco ($ 3.6 biliyoni, + 35.5%), Congo (4.3 biliyoni, -2.1%); ndi Ethiopia ($ 3.3 biliyoni, -17.6%). Ndi momwe kufalikira kwa mliriwu kufalikira kuyambira pakukhazikika kwakanthawi mpaka kupitilira chaka chonse, kutsika koyembekezeka kwa FDI padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala pakati pa -5% ndi -15% (poyerekeza ndi zoneneratu zam'mbuyomu zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa FDI 2020-2021). Kutengera ndi data ya UNCTAD, OECD idawonetsa koyambirira, zizindikilo za kuthekera kwa Covid-19 pazachuma zomwe FDI idabwezanso m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Opitilira magawo awiri mwa atatu a mabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi (MNEs) omwe ali mu Top 100 ya UNCTAD, omwe amathandizira pazachuma chonse, apereka ziganizo zakukhudzidwa kwa Covid-19 pabizinesi yawo.

Ambiri akuchepetsa kuwononga ndalama m'madera okhudzidwa. Kuonjezera apo, phindu lochepa - mpaka pano, 41 apereka zidziwitso za phindu - adzamasulira kukhala ndalama zocheperapo zomwe zabwezedwanso (gawo lalikulu la FDI). Pa avareji, ma MNE 5000 apamwamba, omwe ndi gawo lalikulu la FDI yapadziko lonse lapansi, awona kutsika kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza mu 2020 ndi 9% chifukwa cha Covid-19. Zovuta kwambiri ndi makampani amagalimoto (-44%), ndege (-42%) ndi mafakitale amagetsi ndi zida zoyambira (-13%). Phindu la ma MNE omwe ali m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ali pachiwopsezo kuposa ma MNE a mayiko otukuka: chiwongolero cha phindu la MNE m'mayiko omwe akutukuka chasinthidwa kutsika ndi 16%. Ku Africa, kukonzanso uku ndi 1%, poyerekeza ndi 18% ku Asia, ndi 6% ku LAC (UNCTAD, 2020). Kuonjezera apo, pakhala kale ndalama zazikulu zochotsera ndalama kuchokera ku kontinenti; mwachitsanzo, ku Nigeria All Share Index idalembetsa kuti idachita bwino kwambiri kwazaka khumi koyambirira kwa Marichi pomwe osunga ndalama akunja adatuluka. Akatswiri akuti Africa yonse ikhoza kutaya mpaka 15% FDI kulowa kontinenti.

Mayiko ambiri a mu Africa akupitirizabe kudalira kwambiri thandizo lachitukuko cha boma kuti apeze ndalama za chitukuko chawo chifukwa cha mavuto awo azachuma. Malingana ndi deta ya OECD, kumapeto kwa 2017, ODA ikuyimira 4% ndi 6.2% ya GDP motsatira ku Central Africa ndi East Africa.

M'mayiko 12 a ku Africa, ODA imalowa mu 2017 inaposa 10% ya GDP (ndi 63.5% ku South Sudan). ODA inapanga 9.2% ya GDP ya Mayiko Opeza Ndalama Zochepa mu Africa (AUC/OECD, 2019). Mkhalidwe wachuma womwe ulipo m'maiko opereka ndalama ukhoza kukhudza kuchuluka kwa ODA yoperekedwa kumayikowa.

Ndalama za boma, ndalama za boma ndi ngongole zodziyimira pawokha

Kuchokera mu 2006, ndalama zamisonkho zawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa mayiko a ku Africa akukula kwambiri. Ndalama zamisonkho zidakwera mosamalitsa. Magwero akuluakulu amisonkho anali msonkho wa katundu ndi ntchito, womwe umakhala 53.7% ya ndalama zonse zamisonkho pa avareji mu 2017 pomwe VAT yokhayo imayimira 29.4%. Chiyerekezo cha msonkho ku GDP chinachokera ku 5.7% ku Nigeria kufika 31.5% ku Seychelles mu 2017. Ndi Seychelles, Tunisia, South Africa ndi Morocco okha omwe anali ndi Tax-to-GDP chiwerengero choposa 25% pamene mayiko ambiri a ku Africa akutsika pakati pa 11.0% ndi 21.0%. Pafupifupi 17.2% ya msonkho ndi GDP ndiyotsika kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi mayiko aku Latin America (22.8% ndi mayiko a OECD (34.2%) (AU/OECD/ATAF, 2019) kuti athe kulipirira zithandizo zoyambira makamaka zachipatala. maiko 19 mu Africa akhoza kutaya 20 mpaka 20% ya ndalama zomwe amapeza, zomwe zikuyerekeza 30 biliyoni mu 500. zomwe zingawonjezere ngongole zamayiko.

Ngongole iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndalama zopindulitsa kapena zolimbikitsa kukula m'malo mosunga mapulani awo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pali mwayi waukulu kuti mayiko ambiri akhoza kukumana ndi vuto la ngongole zakunja ndi ndalama zothandizira ntchito chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa kwa ndalama monga momwe zidzakhazikitsire kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu kuphatikizapo machitidwe a zaumoyo, zolimbikitsa zachuma kwa eni nyumba, Ma SME ndi mabizinesi. Komabe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mayiko aku Africa ali kale kapena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwangongole kwaposachedwa chifukwa cha zabwino zapadziko lonse lapansi (kukwera kwa opereka ndalama kumayiko akunja ndi omwe si okhalamo omwe amalembetsa ku ma bond omwe aperekedwa kudziko lonse pamsika waku Africa) . Ngongole m'maiko ambiri a mu Africa ili pazachuma ndipo mabungwe ambiri alibe chochita china koma kuthandiza mayiko kupeza njira zosavuta. Komabe, maiko omwe ali ndi ngongole zamalonda kuchokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene adzafunika kubwezeretsanso ndalama pamavuto azachuma omwe alipo. Malinga ndi EIU Viewswire (2020), mitengo yosinthanitsa ngongole pazaka zisanu zodziyimira payokha yakwera (Angola ndi 408% chaka kumapeto kwa Marichi, Nigeria ndi 270% ndi South Africa ndi 101%.

Izi ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa ndondomeko yazachuma m'maiko aku Africa ndiyokhazikika kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti kuwononga ndalama kumawonjezeka nthawi zabwino koma kumagwera muzoyipa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kwa anthu kudzakhudzidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazinthu zomwe vuto la Covid-19 lipanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pazachitukuko kutha kutsika ndi 25% chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa misonkho komanso zovuta pakusonkhanitsa zinthu zakunja.

Ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito m'maiko aku Africa zimayimira 19% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo zimathandizira 20% pakukula kwachuma pachaka. Kuwononga ndalama kwa anthu ku Africa kumayendetsedwa ndi ndalama pazaumoyo, maphunziro ndi chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Madera atatuwa akuyimira ndalama zoposa 3% za ndalama za boma. Ndalama zomwe boma zimagwiritsa ntchito pazachipatala zikuyembekezeka kukwera kuti zithetse kufalikira kwa Covid70 ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwachuma. Monga chikumbutso, Ebola idapha anthu 19 ndipo Banki Yadziko Lonse idati kutayika kwachuma kwa $ 11,300bn, komabe kachilomboka kamakhudza Central ndi Western Africa kokha.

Ntchito: Ngakhale kuti njira zazachuma ndi kuthandiza mabungwe okhazikika, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mabungwe omwe si aboma m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene amathandizira pafupifupi 35 peresenti ya GDP ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito oposa 75 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito. Kukula kwamwamwayi kumayimira pafupifupi 55% ya ndalama zonse zapakhomo (GDP) za kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, malinga ndi African Development Bank (2014) ngakhale kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti amachokera ku 20 mpaka 25 peresenti ku Mauritius. , South Africa ndi Namibia kufika pamwamba pa 50 mpaka 65 peresenti ku Benin, Tanzania ndi Nigeria (IMF, 2018). Kupatula gawo laulimi, kusakhazikika kumayimira pakati pa 30% ndi 90% ya ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, econo yosakhazikika21 ku Africa akadali m'gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amakhala ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu yaku Africa. M’maiko ambiri a mu Afirika, mpaka 90% ya anthu ogwira ntchito ali pantchito zosakhazikika (AUC/OECD, 2018). Pafupifupi ntchito 20 miliyoni, m'magawo ovomerezeka ndi osakhazikika, ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa kontinenti ngati zinthu zipitilira. Kuwonongeka kwa maunyolo amtengo wapatali, kutsekeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kutsekedwa kwa malo odyera, malo odyera, ogulitsa, malonda osadziwika bwino ndi zina zotero. Pafupifupi mabungwe 10 a osewera omwe amasewera ku South Africa apempha boma kuti lipereke ndalama m'malo mwa anthu omwe sangagwire ntchito panthawi yotseka. Mayiko ena monga Morocco akukhazikitsa kale njira zothandizira mabanja. Poganizira kukula kwa magawo osakhazikika mu Africa, boma ladziko liyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuthandiza anthu omwe akupeza zofunika pamoyo wawo.

Kuthandizira anthu ogwira nawo ntchito, sikungotsimikizira kuti njira zochepetsera kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikuthandizira kugwiritsira ntchito panyumba komanso zidzachepetsa chiopsezo cha chipwirikiti. Pakatikati ndi nthawi yayitali, maboma a ku Africa ayenera kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zosavomerezeka ndikugogomezera kuwonjezera chitetezo cha anthu kwa ogwira nawo ntchito. M'magawo ovomerezeka, ogwira ntchito za ndege ndi makampani omwe akugwira nawo ntchito zokopa alendo adzakhudzidwa kwambiri, ngati palibe thandizo kuchokera ku Maboma a Africa.

Ponseponse, Covid19 ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake - chipwirikiti chomwe chingachitike chifukwa chokhala ndi Coronavirus.

Kumbali imodzi, ngozi yadzidzidzi yadziko lonse ingapangitse anthu kusiya madandaulo awo andale (aliyense akudziwa zomwe ma vests achikasu aku France masiku ano?) Guinea pa nthawi ya Ebola:

M’mayiko amene mwakhala mukuchitika ziwawa zamagulu, izi zingakhale zodetsa nkhawa.

The Health Care System idzakumana ndi zovuta: Vuto la Covid19 lidzakulitsa machitidwe azaumoyo omwe anali osauka kale ku kontinenti. Kufunika kwa odwala a COVID-19 kudzachulukana mzipatala ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda olemetsa monga Edzi, TB ndi Malungo adzasowa mwayi wopeza komanso/kapena chisamaliro chokwanira ndipo izi zitha kubweretsa kudwala komanso kufa. Kuphatikiza apo, mliri wa Coivd-19 pamapeto pake upangitsa kuchepa kwa mankhwala ndi zida zamankhwala. Ogulitsa kwambiri mankhwala ku Africa ndi European Union ndi Asia. Komabe, makampani opanga mankhwala m’maikowa aima chifukwa cha njira zothetsa nzeru zomwe zachitidwa m’maiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri monga Spain, Italy ndi France. Choncho, ngati mliriwu wafika pachimake, zidzakhala zovuta kuti mayikowa athandize odwala awo. Landry, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim ​​(2020) akuyerekeza kuti mayiko aku Africa adzafunika ndalama zowonjezera $ 10.6 biliyoni pazaumoyo pa mliriwu. Mavuto azaumoyo atha kukhudza kuchiza matenda ena ku Africa. Ku Europe, maboma adayimitsa chithandizo chosafulumira pambuyo pa gawo lotseka. Pamene Guinea ikukumana ndi vuto la Ebola mu 2013-2014, zokambirana zachipatala zoyambirira zidatsika ndi 58%, zipatala ndi 54%, ndi katemera ndi 30%, ndipo osachepera 74,000 matenda a malungo sanalandire chithandizo m'zipatala zachipatala.

Zovuta zachitetezo: Mliriwu ukhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zachitetezo kudera la Sahel, chifukwa mayiko ambiriwa ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha mikangano yomwe yapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asamuke. Covid19 idabwera panthawi yomwe derali likukumana kale ndi zovuta zakusalimba, mikangano komanso ziwawa chifukwa cha zigawenga, kusakanikirana kwa zigawenga, zigawenga zamagulu, achifwamba, kusakhazikika kwandale komanso/kapena kusintha kwanyengo. Pomwe maboma adziko ndi mabungwe am'madera akuyesetsa kuthana ndi kufalikira kwa Covid19, izi zikuwopseza kulimbikitsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo mdera lino. Kuukira kwaposachedwa ndi a Boko haram Gulu lankhondo ku Chad lomwe lidapha asitikali 92 pa Marichi 25, likuwonetsa kusatetezeka kwa derali. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations (30 Marichi 2020), pofika pa February 2020, anthu 765,000 adathawa kwawo ndipo 2.2 miliyoni amafunikira thandizo lachifundo ku Burkina Faso. Kufalikira kwa mliri m'dera lino zipangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa magulu achitetezo, othandizira azaumoyo ndi mabungwe opereka chithandizo padziko lonse lapansi kuti apulumutse anthu amderalo.

Africa imaitanitsa pafupifupi 90% ya mankhwala ake ochokera kunja kwa kontinenti, makamaka kuchokera ku China ndi India. Tsoka ilo, kuyerekezera kukuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe amapeza pachaka kuchokera kumankhwala osavomerezeka komanso/kapena zabodza zidapitilira US $ 30 biliyoni, malinga ndi lipoti la World Health Organisation 2017 la malonda abodza. Africa ili ndi matenda ochulukirachulukira a matenda opatsirana komanso osapatsirana omwe amathandizira msika waukulu wamafakitale opanga mankhwala. Choncho, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) ndi kutsegulidwa kwa msika wa malamulo opitirira 1.2 zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kutsimikizira chitetezo cha msika wa 1.2 biliyoni wa ku Africa uwu ku malonda ndi ntchito zabodza, zotsika mtengo, komanso zabodza.

Kuphatikiza apo, mliri wapano watsimikizira kontinenti yaku Africa kuti silingapitirire kudalira ogulitsa akunja pazofuna zake zamkati pazogulitsa monga zaluso ngati mankhwala. Choncho, mayiko ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikitsidwa kwa Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan of Africa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa African Medicine Agency poika patsogolo ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zoyendetsera mphamvu; kutsata zoyesayesa zakugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa malamulo azinthu zachipatala mu RECs; kugawa chuma chokwanira cha AMA monga momwe zanenera pazisankho zotsatizana za AU Assembly pankhaniyi.

Zotsatira pazachuma zazikulu zaku Africa

Mayiko asanu apamwamba a zachuma ku Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria ndi Morocco) akuimira 60% ya GDP ya Africa. Mlingo wa zovuta za Covid19 pazachuma 5 izi zidzayimira chuma chonse cha Africa. Magawo a zokopa alendo ndi mafuta akuyimira pafupifupi kotala (25%) ya chuma cha mayikowa.

Kuphulika kwa Covid19 kwadzetsa mavuto ambiri pazachuma izi, chifukwa ambiri aiwo ali ndi matenda ochuluka kwambiri. Kukula kukuyembekezeka kutsika kwambiri mwa onsewo. Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta kupangitsa kuti chuma cha Nigeria ndi Algeria chichepetse.

Zotsatira za Covid19 pamaketani amtengo wapatali padziko lonse lapansi zikukhudza makampani amagalimoto aku Morocco; kuyimira 6 peresenti ya GDP mkati mwa 2017-2019. Kutumizidwa kunja kwa phosphates ndi kutumiza kunja, zomwe zimathandizira ku 4.4 peresenti ndi 6 peresenti ya GDP ya dziko zidzakhudzidwanso. Makampani aku Egypt omwe amadalira zolowa kuchokera ku China ndi mayiko ena akunja amakhudzidwa ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zosowa zamsika zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Gawo la zokopa alendo likutsika ndi zoletsa zomwe zingasokoneze mabizinesi apakhomo ndi ntchito mdziko muno. Kutumiza ndi imodzi mwazinthu zakunja zaku Egypt zopezera ndalama. Zinafika mu 2018 zoposa $ 25.5 biliyoni, poyerekeza ndi $ 24.7 biliyoni mu 2017 pamene ku Nigeria, ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa zinali US $ 25.08 biliyoni mu 2018, zomwe zikuthandizira 5.74 peresenti ya GDP. Mayiko onsewa amatenga ndalama zoposera 60 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Africa. Covid19 ikuwopseza njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera ndalama ku South Africa: migodi ndi zokopa alendo. Kusokonekera kwa msika waku China kuyenera kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zopangira chitsulo, manganese ndi chromium kupita ku China (zomwe mtengo wake umakhala wofanana ndi 450 miliyoni euros chaka chilichonse). Dzikoli lalowa m'mavuto m'gawo lachinayi la chaka chatha, mavuto omwe akukumana nawo awonjezera kugwa kwachuma komanso kusowa kwa ntchito mdziko muno.

Opanga Mafuta Opambana

Maiko amafuta adzakhala ndi ziyembekezo zakuda zachuma kuposa kontinenti yonse. Ogulitsa mafuta ndi gasi aku Africa sanawoneretu tsoka loterolo, chifukwa ndalama za hydrocarbon ndizofunikira pa bajeti yawo komanso kukwaniritsa zomwe amalonjeza padziko lonse lapansi. Nigeria (2,000,000 migolo / tsiku), Angola (1,750,000 b / d), Algeria (1,600,000 b / d), Libya (800,000 b / d), Egypt (700 000b / d), Congo (350,000b / d), Equatorial Guinea (280,000b / d), Gabon (200,000b / d), Ghana (150,000b / d) South Sudan (150,000b / d), Chad (120,000 b / d) ndi Cameroon (85,000 b / d) akukumana ndi Covid -19 vuto lomwe likuyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mu 2014, panthawi yomwe mafuta omaliza agwedezeka chifukwa alephera kusiyanitsa chuma chawo. Mu 2014, mtengo wamafuta amafuta udatsika kuchoka pa $110 kufika kuchepera $60 pa mbiya ndipo pambuyo pake unatsika mpaka kuchepera $40 pa mbiya mu 2015 (CBN, 2015). Izi zikutanthauza kutsika kopitilira 60% kwa ndalama zamayiko omwe akutumiza kunja.

Kuperewera kwawo kwa bajeti kudzakhala kopitilira kawiri. Kusakhazikika kwamtengo wamafuta kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwachuma ndi kusintha kwakusinthana kwa Nigeria komanso kukhudzika kwa inflation kudzera pakusinthana (Akalpler ndi Bukar Nuhu, 2018). Chifukwa chake, opanga mafuta adzakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutsika kwa ndalama zawo panthawi yamavuto. Makamaka, mayiko a ku Central Africa omwe, m'zaka zapitazi, akhala akuwotchedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamtengo wapatali adzayesedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso chuma chochepa chokhazikika chomwe chili ndi mafuta a petroleum ndi ma hydrocarbon omwe amapezera ndalama. Mafuta amatenga ndalama zoposa theka la ndalama zamisonkho komanso zoposa 70% zamayiko omwe atumizidwa kunja kwamayikowa. Ndi mitengo yotsika ya hydrocarbon ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa makampani ena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali, ndalama zokhudzana ndi Mafuta ndi ma hydrocarbon ena zitha kutsika ndi 40 mpaka 50% pa kontinenti.

Mavuto azachuma akuyenera kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa omwe adakumana nawo mu 2014. IMF ikuganiza kuti 10 peresenti ya kuchepa kwa mitengo yamafuta, pafupifupi, idzachepetsa kukula kwa ogulitsa mafuta ndi 0.6 peresenti ndikuwonjezera kuchepa kwa ndalama zonse ndi 0.8 peresenti ya GDP.

Mtengo wamafuta watsika kuyambira Juni 2014 mpaka Marichi 2015, chifukwa chachikulu chakukwera kwamafuta ku US ndi kwina komanso kuchepa kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Kutsika uku kunayambitsa zotsatira zachindunji kudzera mu malonda ndi zotsatira zosalunjika kudzera mu kukula ndi ndalama ndi kusintha kwa inflation. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwa 30% kwa mitengo yamafuta (IMF ndi WB ikuwonetseratu izi ngati kutsika kwapakati pakati pa 2014 ndi 2015) kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mafuta kunja kwa Africa kum'mwera kwa Sahara ndi $ 63 biliyoni (otayika kwambiri akuphatikizapo Nigeria, Angola , Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Gabon, Sudan), ndi kuchepetsa katundu wochokera kunja ndi pafupifupi $15 biliyoni (opindula kwambiri akuphatikizapo ku South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia). Zotsatira zamalonda zimadutsa ku chuma kuphatikizapo maakaunti apano, malo azachuma, misika yamasheya, ndalama ndi inflation. Kutsika kwa mtengo wamafuta kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsa kukula.

Kuwonjezeka kwa ngongole yaikulu ya 5 mpaka 10% ya GDP ikuyembekezeredwa m'mayiko omwe amapanga mafuta. Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta ndi ma hydrocarbon ena kudzachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zandalama m'gawoli. Kuyimira gawo lalikulu la ndalama zandalama mwa opanga mafuta 10 apamwamba, ndalama za hydrocarbon, ndi kutsika kwamitengo yawo, zidzakhudza kwambiri ndalama zamayiko aku Africa. Pafupifupi 50% kutsika kwa ndalama zamafuta ku kontinenti kukuyembekezeka.

Gawo la petroleum likuyimira opanga 10 apamwamba amafuta aku Africa 25% ya GDP yawo yonse. Mafuta, pamodzi ndi ma hydrocarbons ena, amapanga zoposa 20% ya GDP ya mayiko 10 apamwamba a ku Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Angola, Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana ndi Tanzania). Nigeria ikhoza kutaya mpaka $ 19b popeza dzikolo likhoza kuchepetsa kutumizidwa kwamafuta osakanizidwa kunja kwa 2020 ndi pakati pa US $ 14 biliyoni ndi US $ 19 biliyoni (poyerekeza ndi zonenedweratu zotumiza kunja popanda COVID19).

Zotsatira za kuwerengetsa kutengera zochitika za S1 ndi S2 zikuwonetsa kuti chuma cha ku Africa cholamulidwa ndi Mafuta ndi Hydrocarbons mwachitsanzo, gulu la mayiko akuluakulu opanga mafuta lidzakhudzidwa kwambiri (-3% ya kukula kwa GDP mu 2020) kuposa chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi cha Africa.

 Zokhudza malo apamwamba azokopa alendo

Malinga ndi World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), makampani okopa alendo adathandizira 8.5% (kapena $194.2bn) pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi (GDP) mu 2018. Kuphatikiza apo, Africa inali dera lachiwiri lomwe likukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi ndi 5.6% mu 2018 poyerekeza ndi wapakati padziko lonse lapansi. ndi 3.9 %. Mwa anthu 1.4 biliyoni omwe adafika padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018, Africa idalandira 5% yokha malinga ndi United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).

Malo otchuka kwambiri okopa alendo ku Africa akuphatikiza Morocco yomwe ili ndi alendo pafupifupi 11 miliyoni pachaka, Egypt (11.35 miliyoni), South Africa (10.47 miliyoni), Tunisia (8.3 miliyoni) ndi Zimbabwe (2.57 miliyoni).

Chiyembekezo chamakampani azokopa alendo ku Africa ndichamphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madera ena padziko lapansi. Zikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka pakati pa 3% mpaka 5% mu 2020. Komabe, ndi zoletsa zomwe zikupitilira, mahotela akuchotsa antchito ndipo mabungwe oyendayenda akutseka m'maiko ambiri aku Africa, kukula koyipa kukuyembekezeredwa.

Zotsatira zonse za Covid19 pazachuma zamayiko otsogola otsogola zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zachuma chonse cha ku Africa. Ntchito zokopa alendo zathandizira kupitilira 10 peresenti ya GDP yamayiko otsatirawa:

Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius, Gambia, Tunisia, Madagascar, Lesotho, Rwanda, Botswana, Egypt, Tanzania, Comoros ndi Senegal mu 2019. M'mayikowa, kukula kwachuma kukuyembekezeka kutsika pamtengo wa -3.3% mu 2020. pomwe m'maiko a Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius ndi Gambia, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri -7% mu 2020.

Njira zazachuma ndi zachuma kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwachuma

Maiko aku Africa akukumana kale ndi zotsatira zachindunji (kudwala ndi kufa) ndi zotsatira zina (zokhudzana ndi zachuma) za Covid19 ndipo zinthu zikuyembekezeka kukulirakulira muzochitika zilizonse ndi kachilombo ka mliri wakhudza kale mayiko 43 ku kontinenti. Maboma ambiri aku Africa komanso mabungwe am'madera akuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse vuto la mliriwu pachuma chawo. Zina mwa njirazi zafotokozedwa mwachidule patebulo ili pansipa:

Njira zaboma (kuphatikiza Mabanki Apakati) kuti achepetse zovuta zachuma za Coronavirus pazachuma zadziko

Bungwe la Assembly of the Union

• Anagwirizana kukhazikitsa Fund yolimbana ndi COVID-19 ku continental komwe mayiko omwe ali membala wa Bureau adagwirizana kuti apereke US $12, 5 miliyoni ngati ndalama zothandizira mbewu. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mabungwe opereka chithandizo akulimbikitsidwa kuti athandizire ku thumbali ndikugawa $4.5 miliyoni kuti akweze luso la Africa CDC.

• Anapempha mayiko kuti alimbikitse njira zogulitsira malonda, makamaka za mankhwala ndi zina zothandizira zaumoyo.

• Analimbikitsa bungwe la G20 kuti lipatse mayiko a mu Africa muno mwachangu zida zachipatala, zida zoyezera magazi, zida zodzitetezera kuti athe kuthana ndi mliri wa COVID-19 komanso njira zolimbikitsira zachuma zomwe zimaphatikizapo chithandizo ndi kuchedwetsa malipiro.

• Tayitanitsa kuti chiwongola dzanja chichotsedwe pangongole ya mayiko awiri ndi mayiko ena, komanso kukulitsa chiwongolerocho mpaka pakanthawi kochepa, ndicholinga chofuna kupereka mwayi wandalama ndi ndalama kumaboma.

• Analimbikitsa Banki Yadziko Lonse, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank ndi mabungwe ena a m'madera kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zonse zomwe zilipo m'magulu awo ankhondo kuti athe kuchepetsa mliriwu ndikupereka chithandizo kumagulu ofunikira a Africa. chuma ndi m'midzi.

Statement ya Ministers of Finance ya ku Africa yomwe idasainidwa ndi nduna zambiri zazachuma ku Africa idalengeza kuti kontinentiyo ikufunika US $ 100bn kuti iteteze machitidwe azachipatala komanso kuthana ndi vuto lazachuma lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha matendawa.

African Development Bank

AfDB yakweza ndalama zokwana $3 biliyoni mu mgwirizano wazaka zitatu kuti zithandizire kuchepetsa mavuto azachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe mliri wa Covid-19 udzakhala nawo pazaumoyo komanso pazachuma za Africa.

The Fight Covid-19 Social bond, yokhala ndi kukhwima kwa zaka zitatu, idapeza chiwongola dzanja kuchokera ku mabanki apakati ndi mabungwe aboma, nkhokwe zamabanki, ndi oyang'anira katundu kuphatikiza ndi Socially Responsible Investors, ndi mabizinesi opitilira $4.6 biliyoni.

African Export- Import 

Bank (Afreximbank) yalengeza za US$3bn zothandizira mayiko omwe ali mamembala ake kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso thanzi la Covid-19. Monga gawo lake latsopano Pandemic Trade Impact Mitigation

Facility (PATIMFA), Afreximbank idzapereka thandizo la ndalama ku mayiko oposa 50 kupyolera mwa ndalama zachindunji, mizere ya ngongole, zitsimikizo, kusinthana kwa ndalama ndi zida zina zofanana.

Economic and Monetary Commission of Central African States (CEMAC)

Nduna za zachuma zachita izi:

• “Pankhani ya ndondomeko ya ndalama ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma, anaganiza zovomereza kugwiritsa ntchito envelopu ya $152.345m yoperekedwa ku Development Bank of Central African States (BDEAC) ndi Central Bank of African States (BEAC), kuti apeze ndalama. za ntchito zaboma zokhudzana ndi kulimbana ndi mliri wa Covid-19 komanso kulimbikitsa machitidwe azaumoyo mdziko muno. «

• Iwo adalimbikitsanso mayiko kuti akambirane pamodzi ndikuchotsa ngongole zawo zonse zakunja kuti awapatse malire omwe amawalola kukumana ndi mliri wa coronavirus ndi kubwezeretsanso ndalama zawo moyenera.

Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Njira zitatu zoyambirira (mwa 8) zotengedwa ndi BCEAO ndi izi:

• Kuchulukitsa kwa mayiko omwe amaperekedwa sabata iliyonse ndi Mabanki Apakati kuchoka pa $680million kufika pa $9bn kuti awonetsetse kuti mabizinesi akupitilirabe kumayiko omwe ali membala;

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mndandanda wamakampani 1,700 omwe zotsatira zake sizinavomerezedwe m'mbuyomu. Izi zidzalola mabanki kupeza ndalama zowonjezera $ 2bn

• Kupereka ndalama zokwana madola 50 miliyoni ku thumba la subsidy la West African Development Bank (BOAD) kuti lilole kuti lipereke chiwongola dzanja cha chiwongola dzanja ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ngongole zomwe zidzapereke ku maboma kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zogulira ndi zida zolimbana ndi mliri

Bokosi 3: Miyezo ya boma (kuphatikiza mabanki apakati) kuti achepetse mavuto azachuma a Coronavirus pazachuma zadziko

Algeria Bank of Algeria idaganiza zochepetsa kuchuluka kwa 10 mpaka 8% ndikuchepetsa ndi 25 maziko (0.25%), mulingo wofunikira wa Bank of Algeria kuti ukonze izi pa 3.25% ndi izi kuyambira Marichi 15, 2020. .

Cote d'Ivoire Boma lalengeza $200m ngati yankho la Covid19. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Fund kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito zachuma, kuthandizira mabizinesi omwe akhudzidwa kuti achepetse ntchito, ndi zina.

Ethiopia Boma lalengeza kuti lapereka ndalama zokwana madola 10 miliyoni zothana ndi mliriwu ndipo likupereka mfundo zitatu za momwe mayiko a G20 angathandizire maiko aku Africa kuthana ndi mliri wa coronavirus.

• Ikuyitanitsa phukusi lothandizira la $ 150 biliyoni - Africa Global COVID-19 Emergency Financing Package.

• Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zochepetsera ngongole ndi kukonzanso;

• Kupereka chithandizo ku World Health Organization (WHO) ndi Africa Centers for Diseases

Control and Prevention (CDC) kuti ilimbikitse kasamalidwe kaumoyo wa anthu komanso kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi ku kontinenti.

Equatorial Guinea idadzipereka kupereka $10 miliyoni ku thumba lapadera ladzidzidzi

Eswatini Central Bank of Eswatini yalengeza kuti ichepetsa chiwongola dzanja kuchokera pa 6.5% mpaka 5.5%.

Banki Yaikulu ya Gambia yaku Gambia yati:

• kuchepetsa mlingo wa Policy ndi 0.5 peresenti kufika pa 12 peresenti. Komitiyi idaganizanso

• onjezerani chiwongoladzanja pa malo osungiramo ndalama ndi 0.5 peresenti kufika pa 3 peresenti. Malo obwereketsa omwe adayimilira adachepetsedwanso mpaka 13 peresenti kuchokera pa 13.5 peresenti (MPR kuphatikiza 1 peresenti).

Ghana Boma lalengeza $100 miliyoni kuti lipititse patsogolo kukonzekera ndi kuyankha kwa Ghana ku COVID-19

Bank of Ghana MPC yaganiza zotsitsa Monetary Policy Rate ndi 150 basis points mpaka 14.5 peresenti. Zofunika Kwambiri Zosungirako zachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 10 peresenti kufika pa 8 peresenti kuti apereke ndalama zambiri kumabanki kuti athandize magawo ovuta a

Chuma. Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) yamabanki a 3.0 peresenti yachepetsedwa mpaka 1.5 peresenti. Izi ndi kuti mabanki apereke chithandizo chofunikira chandalama ku chuma. Izi zimachepetsa bwino Capital Adequacy Requirement kuchoka pa 13 peresenti kufika pa 11.5 peresenti. Kubweza ngongole zomwe zapita ku mabungwe a Microfinance mpaka masiku 30 zidzatengedwa ngati "Zatsopano" monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma SDI ena onse. Onse olembetsa mafoni a m'manja tsopano akuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zawo zolembetsa kale mafoni am'manja kuti alembetse

Akaunti Yocheperako ya KYC. Banki Yaikulu ya Kenya yaku Kenya kuti ithandizire kuthetsa zovutazo, njira zotsatirazi zadzidzidzi zidzagwira ntchito kwa obwereketsa omwe kubweza kwawo kwangongole kunali kwanthawi yayitali pa Marichi 2, 2020.

• Mabanki ayesetsa kupereka chithandizo kwa obwereketsa pangongole zawo malinga ndi momwe alili chifukwa cha mliriwu.

• Kuti apereke chithandizo pa ngongole zaumwini, mabanki adzayang'ana zopempha kuchokera kwa obwereketsa kuti awonjezedwe ngongole zawo kwa nthawi yofikira chaka chimodzi. Kuti ayambitse izi, obwereka ayenera kulumikizana ndi mabanki awo.

• Mabizinesi apakati (SMEs) ndi obwereketsa amakampani atha kulumikizana ndi mabanki awo kuti awonenso ndikusinthanso ngongole zawo malinga ndi momwe akukhalira chifukwa cha mliriwu.

• Mabanki adzakwaniritsa ndalama zonse zokhudzana ndi kukulitsa ndi kukonzanso ngongole.

• Kuti athandizire kuchulukitsidwa kwa nsanja zam'manja zam'manja, mabanki adzachotsa zolipiritsa zonse pakufufuza bwino.

• Monga tanenera kale, zolipiritsa zonse zolipiritsa pakati pa ma wallet a ndalama zam'manja ndi maakaunti aku banki zidzachotsedwa. Namibia Pa 20th wa Marichi 2020, Bank of Namibia idaganiza zochepetsa Repo rate ndi 100 basis points mpaka 5.25%.

Niger Boma lalengeza $1.63m kuti lithandizire kuyankha kwa Covid19

Nigeria Malo onse ochitirapo kanthu a CBN apa akupatsidwa mwayi woyimitsa chaka chimodzi pakubweza zonse, kuyambira pa Marichi 1, 2020.

Kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja kuchokera pa 9 mpaka 5 peresenti pachaka kwa chaka chimodzi kuyambira pa Marichi 1, 1 Kupanga kwa N2020 Biliyoni zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi mabanja ndi ma SME;

Thandizo pamakampani azaumoyo Kuleza mtima: Mabanki onse omwe amasungitsa ndalama amasiya kuti aganizire zakusintha kwakanthawi komanso kwanthawi kochepa kwa mabizinesi ndi mabanja omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri.

CBN ithandiziranso kuchuluka kwandalama zandalama kuti ma DMB athe kuwongolera ngongole kwa anthu, mabanja ndi mabizinesi.

Madagascar Banky Foiben'I Madagasikara (BFM) akuti:

• Kuthandizira ntchito zachuma popereka mabanki ndalama zofunikira kuti athandizire chuma;

• Walowetsa $111 miliyoni kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi ndipo alowetsanso $53 miliyoni kumapeto kwa Marichi 2020;

• Kusunga ndalama zakunja pa msika wa interbank;

• Kambiranani ndi mabanki ndi mabungwe azachuma zotsatira za vutoli ndikupereka mayankho ofunikira.

Mauritius Bank of Mauritius mayankho asanu kuti asungitse ngongole ku chuma:

• Kuchepetsa Key Repo Rate (KRR) ndi 50 basis points kufika pa 2.85 peresenti pachaka.

• Ndalama Zapadera Zothandizira Ndalama Zokwana Rs 5.0 Biliyoni kudzera ku mabanki amalonda kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ndalama ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

• Anatulutsa $130 miliyoni kuti athandizire mabizinesi omwe akulimbana ndi vuto la kachilomboka;

• Analangiza mabanki kuti ayimitse kubweza ngongole zamabizinesi omwe akhudzidwa;

• Kuchepetsa kuyang'anira pazakuwonongeka kwa ngongole; ndipo adapereka "savings

chomangira

Morocco Bank Al-Maghrib yalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yophatikizika yothandizira bizinesi ndi ndalama 20, kusinthasintha kwa dirham kuchokera ku ± 2.5% mpaka ± 5% ndipo idaganiza zochepetsa chiwongola dzanja ndi 25 peresenti poyambira 2% ndikupitiliza kuwunika zonse zochitika izi pafupi kwambiri.

Kukhululukidwa kwa Mabizinesi kuti asapereke zopereka ku thumba la penshoni (CNSS) ndi kuimitsidwa kwa ngongole ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi mavuto azachuma a Covid19; $1bn kuti akweze zida zaumoyo ndikuthandizira magawo omwe akhudzidwa.Hassan II Fund ndi madera kuti apereke $261m kuthana ndi zovutazi.

Rwanda Central Bank yalengeza kuti:

• Kubwereketsa ndalama pafupifupi $52 miliyoni kumabanki amalonda;

• Kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zikufunika kuti zisungidwe pa Epulo 1 kuchokera pa 5% mpaka 4% kuti mabanki apeze ndalama zambiri zothandizira mabizinesi omwe akhudzidwa.

• Kulola mabanki amalonda kuti akonzenso ngongole zomwe zatsala pang'ono kubwereketsa zomwe zangotsala pang'ono mavuto obwera ndi ndalama kuchokera ku mliri.

Seychelles Banki Yaikulu ya Seychelles (CBS) yalengeza

• Ndalama zogulira ndalama zakunja zingogwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zinthu zitatu zokha - mafuta, zakudya zofunikira komanso mankhwala

• kuchepetsa mlingo wa Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) kufika pa XNUMX peresenti kuchoka pa asanu peresenti

• Ngongole yapafupifupi $36 miliyoni ikhazikitsidwa kuti ithandizire mabanki azamalonda ndi njira zothandizira mwadzidzidzis.

Sierra Leone Central Bank of Sierra Leone

• Tsitsani ndondomeko ya ndalama ndi 150 poyambira 16.5 peresenti kufika pa 15 peresenti.

• Pangani Le500 Billion Special Credit Facility kuti mupereke ndalama zopanga,

• Kugula ndi Kugawa Katundu ndi Ntchito Zofunikira.

• Kupereka ndalama zogulira ndalama zakunja kuti zitsimikizire kutumizidwa kunja kwa zinthu zofunika.

Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikuyenera kulandira chithandizochi zidzasindikizidwa pakapita nthawi.

Thandizo la Liquidity ku Gawo la Mabanki.

South Africa Reserve Bank yachepetsa chiwongola dzanja kuchoka pa 6.25% kufika pa 5.25% Boma lalengeza za dongosolo la $56.27m lothandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono panthawi ya mliriwu.

Tunisia Central Bank of Tunisia adaganiza zochita

• Apatseni mabanki ndalama zokwanira kuti athe kupitiriza ntchito zawo zanthawi zonse,

• Kubwezeredwa kwa ma credits (chachikulu ndi chiwongoladzanja) chomwe chikuyenera kuchitika kuyambira pa 1st Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara 2020. Muyezowu ukukhudza mbiri yaukadaulo yoperekedwa kwa makasitomala agulu la 0 ndi 1, omwe amawapempha kumabanki ndi mabungwe azachuma.

• Kuthekera kopereka ndalama zatsopano kwa opindula akachedwetsa masiku omalizira.

• mawerengedwe ndi zofunika za chiŵerengero cha ngongole/dipoziti zitha kusinthika.

Uganda Bank of Uganda:

• Kulowererapo pa msika wa ndalama zakunja pofuna kuthetsa kusakhazikika kochulukira komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha misika yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi;

• Kukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera kuonongeka kwa bizinezi yomwe ingalowe m'mavuto chifukwa chosowa ngongole;

• Kupereka chithandizo chapadera kwa nthawi yopitilira chaka chimodzi ku mabungwe azachuma omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi BoU omwe angafunike;

• Kuchepetsa malire pakusintha kwangongole kumabungwe azachuma omwe angakhale pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi mavuto

Zambia Bank of Zambia idaganiza zoonjezera malire pa ma agent ndi ma wallets amakampani: Anthu Gawo 1 kuchoka pa 10000 kufika pa 20000 patsiku (K) komanso anthu 100,000 pa Gawo 2 kuchoka pa 20,000 kufika pa 100,000 patsiku (k) ndi 500,000 alimi osapitirira 250,000 ndi alimi. kufika pa 1,000,000 patsiku (K) ndi pazipita 1,000,000 Kuchepetsa malipiro a interbank and settlement system (ZIPSS) processing fees.

MAPETO NDI MALANGIZO

Matenda a Coronavirus asanduka mliri wowopsa ndipo amabweretsa zovuta zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zigawo komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale zitakhala zovuta kuwerengera, zikuyembekezeka kukhala zazikulu chifukwa cha kufalikira kwachangu kwa Covid-19 komanso njira zazikulu zomwe mayiko akutenga, kaya kukula kwake padziko lonse lapansi kuli bwanji.

Ngakhale maiko aku Africa sakukhudzidwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi madera ena pakadali pano, zotsatirapo zake zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kapena kusweka kwaunyolo zitha kupangitsa kuti chuma chisayende bwino. Zowonadi, kudalira kwambiri kwachuma kwazachuma ku Africa motsutsana ndi mayiko ena akulosera kusokonekera kwachuma kwa kontinentiyo, komwe kukuyembekezeka kutayika kwapakati pa 1.5 point pakukula kwachuma mu 2020.

Kupatula apo, ndizosatheka kuti kontinentiyi itengepo mwayi pazachuma pakufalikira kwa Covid-19 m'maiko ena padziko lapansi, chifukwa chakulephera kwake kusintha zida zake kuti zigwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunika ndi ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. misika yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Atha kukhala ngati chopinga china pakusintha kwachitukuko ku Africa, popangitsa kuti malonda awonjezere kukhala ovuta.

Mosasamala kanthu za momwe zinthu zidzakhalire zabwino kapena zokayikitsa, Covid-19 idzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pazachuma ku Africa.

malangizo

Mavuto azachuma pazachuma cha Covid-19 ndiwowona. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwitsa anthu za momwe zingakhudzire komanso upangiri kwa omwe amapanga mfundo kuti akonzekere bwino ndikuchepetsa zovuta za mliriwu.

Pachifukwa ichi, pepala ili likugawa malingaliro awo kukhala mitundu iwiri: i) Iwo akuyankha ku  nthawi yomweyo; ndi ii) zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira za mliriwu.

Zochita nthawi yomweyo:
Mayiko aku Africa ayenera:

 Yang'anani mwadongosolo anthu onse omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi matendawa msanga, ndikuwona momwe angathere ndi matendawa, komanso kupewa kulumikizana pakati pa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi anthu athanzi;

 Kutsekereza anthu onse okhudzidwa kunyumba ndi m'malire a mayiko kuti athe kufalikira kwakanthawi kochepa, ndikuwunika ngati njira zotsekera ziyenera kutsatiridwa mokulirapo:

 Lipoti za ziwerengero za umoyo ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi WHO ndi African Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, kuti awonetsetse kuti vutoli likuyang'aniridwa momveka bwino, komanso kusunga chidaliro cha anthu ku machitidwe a zaumoyo a mu Africa;

 Kuwunikanso bajeti yawo kuti akhazikitse patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kayendetsedwe kazaumoyo kuphatikiza zomangamanga ndi zoyendera, kugula mankhwala ndi mankhwala, zida ndi zida ndi zina;

 Pangani thumba lachidziwitso chadzidzidzi kuti liwonjezere chitetezo cha anthu, makamaka kuyang'ana ogwira ntchito omwe alibe chitetezo cha anthu ndipo akhoza kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli;

 Kuonjezera ndalama zothandizira kafukufuku wamankhwala. Zomwe zachitika zawonetsa kuti pakati pa thumba la miliri lomwe limaperekedwa kuti lifufuze ndi kupanga katemera kulibe komwe kumalepheretsa mayiko kuti achitepo kanthu pa mliri.

 Gwirani ntchito ndi anthu ammudzi, maboma ndi amalonda kuti apange njira yoyendetsera boma kupyola pamavuto azaumoyo komanso njira zothetsera mavuto ndi chithandizo kudera lanu. Kupereka ndalama, mwayi wopeza deta, ndi chithandizo chowongolera kuti athandizire kukulitsa njira zatsopano;

 Kulimbikitsa kugawana mauthenga momveka bwino pofuna kudziwitsa nzika komanso kuchepetsa kufala kwa nkhani zabodza31  mation ("nkhani zabodza");

 Kukonzekera mabungwe azaumoyo kuti azisamalira madera osiyanasiyana omwe akhudzidwa, kuphatikiza amayi, achinyamata, okalamba.

 Ganizirani za kubwereka ndalama zadzidzidzi kumsika wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti zithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama chifukwa chiwongola dzanja cha malonda ndi chochepa; ndipo mayiko akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lachuma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama za msonkho komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;

 Kutenga njira zachuma ndi zachuma kuti zithandizire mabizinesi, ma SME ndi anthu pawokha poyankha ntchito zosakhalitsa zomwe zadulidwa pofuna kuteteza zochitika zachuma, monga chitsimikizo ku ngongole zamakampani.

 Funsani Mabanki Apakati kuti achepetse chiwongola dzanja kuti awonjezere ngongole kumabizinesi (ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wawo) ndikupatsa mabanki azamalonda ndalama zambiri zothandizira bizinesi. Ngati pakufunika,

Mabanki Apakati akuyenera kuganiziranso kukonzanso zolinga zina (kutsika kwa mitengo kutsika ndi 3%) kwakanthawi komanso chifukwa chazovuta;

 Kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo chiwongola dzanja chonse pamakirediti amalonda, ma bondi amakampani, ndalama zobwereketsa ndi kuyambitsanso njira zamabanki apakati kuonetsetsa kuti mayiko ndi mabizinesi apitilize kugula zinthu zofunika popanda kufooketsa mabanki.

 Kuyambitsa njira zolimbikitsira ndalama kuti muchepetse vuto la mliri wa coronavirus pa chuma cha dziko. Konzani zolimbikitsa zandalama kwa Okhometsa Misonkho omwe akhudzidwa ndi Covid-19 ndikuganizira kuyimitsidwa kwa msonkho;

 Kuchepetsa misonkho m'magawo ovuta komanso kuthandizidwa kwawoko ndi mabungwe aboma poyankha zovutazi zitha kuthandiza ma SME ndi mabizinesi ena.

 Kambirananinso mapulani olipira ngongole zakunja, ndi mikhalidwe yowonetsetsa kuti ngongoleyo ikuyendetsedwa bwino, kuphatikiza kuyimitsidwa kwa chiwongola dzanja panthawi yamavuto, yomwe ikuyerekezedwa ndi USD 44 biliyoni ya 2020, ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya mapulani;

 Ayitanitsa zigawenga komanso magulu ankhondo kuti aletse zigawenga komanso magulu ankhondo kuti awonetsetse kuti palibe zosokoneza pothana ndi mliriwu. Covid-19 ikubwera pomwe ena mwa zigawo akukumana kale ndi zovuta zakusakhazikika, mikangano ndi ziwawa chifukwa cha zigawenga, kusakhazikika pazandale komanso / kapena kusintha kwanyengo. Mwachitsanzo, kuukira kwaposachedwa kwa gulu lankhondo la Boko Haram ku Chad komwe kudapha asitikali 92 pa 25 Marichi.

AUC iyenera kukhala:

 Atsogolere zokambirana za pulani yofuna kuthetseratu ngongole zonse zakunja zaku Africa ($236 biliyoni). Lamulo loyamba lalikulu ndi kuyitanidwa kwa Prime Minister waku Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed kuti apereke ndalama zokwana $150 biliyoni ngati gawo la Africa Global COVID-19 Emergency Financing Package;

 Kuyanjanitsa kudzera mu Africa CDC zoyesayesa zonse zosonkhanitsa ma laboratories, kuyang'anira, ndi chithandizo china choyankhira ngati chafunsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikupita kumene chikufunika.

 Kuyanjanitsa zochita zawo zaukazembe kuti alankhule ndi mawu amodzi m'mabwalo apadziko lonse lapansi monga IMF, World Bank,

United Nations, G20, misonkhano ya AU-EU ndi maubwenzi ena;

 Kuyanjanitsa zoyesayesa za opanga malamulo, zigawo za chuma chachigawo, ndi mayiko kuti akhazikitse patsogolo ntchito zomwe zichitike m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zakunja zamalonda;

 Kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, mgwirizano, kuthandizana, kuthandizana ndi kuphunzira anzawo m'mayiko omwe ali mamembala. Zomwe zingatheke ndi, mogwirizana ndi ma RECs: kukhazikitsa zowonera pazaumoyo ndi kuwunika kwamtsogolo kwa mfundo zamayankho azachuma ku Covid-19;

 Kupewetsa kugulitsana potsatira njira zodzitetezera, powonetsetsa kuti kutseka kwa malire sikuyambitsa vuto la chakudya, makamaka ku West Africa komwe chakudya chikuchepa komanso komwe maiko amadalira kugula zakudya zofunika kuchokera kunja monga mpunga ndi mpunga. tirigu wochokera ku Asia.

 Yang'anirani kwambiri za ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu othawa kwawo ndi omwe asamukira kumayiko ena, komwe kutha kukhala kovuta kukhazikitsa pomwe iwo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chamavuto; ndi

 Kukhazikitsa njira zolumikizirana zozindikirira ndi kuyang'anira momwe kufalikira kwa mliriwu kufalikira, kulemba mayankho a mfundo za mayiko omwe ali membala komanso mkati mwa RECs, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zaukazembe kuti mawu a Africa amvedwe padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pakubweza ngongole.

Regional Economic Communities akuyenera:

• Kukhazikitsa njira zogwirizanirana pofuna kudziwa kufalikira kwa mliliwu, kuwunika mayankho a mfundo za mayiko omwe ali membala mu REC; ndi

• Ngati kuli koyenera kupanga limodzi ndondomeko zandalama ndi zachuma kuti muwonjezere chuma cha mayiko omwe ali mamembala ndi kuthekera kochita ndondomeko zotsutsana ndi zotsutsana.

Zochita pambuyo pa mliri

Maiko aku Africa ali pachiwopsezo chowopsa chakunja. Kusintha kwa paradigm ndikofunikira kuti tisinthe machitidwe azamalonda a mayiko aku Africa mwa iwo eni komanso ndi dziko lonse lapansi makamaka ndi China, Europe, USA ndi mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene. Africa iyenera kusintha mliri womwe ulipo wa Covid-19 kukhala mwayi womasulira malingaliro awo pakusintha kwabwino pakusintha kwabwino.

zafotokozedwa mu Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) 2019: 2019: Kukwaniritsa Kusintha Kwabwino kukhala zenizeni kuti apange chuma chomwe chimatha kuthana ndi zovuta zakunja ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika.

Chifukwa chake, mayiko aku Africa akulangizidwa kuti:

 Kusiyanitsa ndikusintha chuma chawo polimbikitsa mphamvu zogwirira ntchito zamagulu abizinesi aku Africa kuti asinthe zopangira kwawoko. Izi zidzathandizanso kusonkhanitsa chuma chapakhomo ndikuchepetsa kudalira kwachuma kumayiko akunja, komwe kuli pa 11.6% ya GDP ya Africa poyerekezera ndi 6.6% ya GDP ya mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene;

 Kuchulukitsa zokolola zaulimi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuti zigwirizane ndi kadyedwe kazakudya m'nyumba ndi m'maiko onse. Kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa kunawononga pafupifupi US $ 48.7 biliyoni pogula chakudya (US $ 17.5 biliyoni pambewu, US $ 4.8 biliyoni pa nsomba, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zina zitha kubwezeretsedwanso ku ulimi wokhazikika waku Africa (FAO, 2019) . Kuyesetsa kwa Tanzania pakufuna kudzidalira pa mpunga ndi chimanga ndikuyenera kuyamikiridwa komanso kupereka chitsanzo kwa mayiko ena a mu Africa.

 Kumaliza kusaina ndi kuvomereza bungwe la African Medicine Agency (AMA) ndikukhazikitsa mgwirizano wabizinesi wachigawo kuti apange mankhwala ndi mankhwala kuti achepetse katundu wa Africa ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kwabwino kwa kapangidwe;

 Kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito paumoyo: maboma akuyenera kulimbikitsa ndalama zomwe zimalimbitsa machitidwe azaumoyo kuti athe kulandira chithandizo mwachangu komanso kudziletsa;

 Kusonkhanitsa zinthu zapakhomo zokwanira zothandizira zaumoyo kuti machitidwe azaumoyo athe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pazaumoyo kuphatikizapo kuthetsa matenda olemetsa kwambiri, kupewa ndi kuwongolera kufalikira, ku Africa;

 Kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa digito kuti asinthe chuma cha mu Africa kuti akwaniritse ndondomeko ya 2063 ndi kuthana ndi kusowa kwa ntchito kwa achinyamata, , ndi kukhazikitsa njira zopewera (monga teleworking for white collar workers); ndi

 Kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Zone ya Continental Free Trade Zone ndi mabungwe azachuma kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko cha mafakitale mwachangu.

AUC iyenera kukhala:

 Kulimbitsanso kachitidwe kaumoyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu m'maiko aku Africa;

 Pitirizani kulimbikitsa kusintha kwabwino komanso chitukuko cha mabungwe omwe si aboma kuti asinthe zinthu za mu Africa;

 Kambiranani ndi mabungwe azachuma a OECD kuti njira zolimbikitsira ndalama zomwe akhazikitsa sizikhudza dziko lonse lapansi pakubwezeretsa Global Value Chains ku OECD, kutero kusokoneza njira zosinthira zinthu mu Africa;

 Atsogolere zokambilana kuti awonjezere zopeza kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mayiko omwe ali membala, makamaka kuchokera ku IMF, yomwe ili yokonzeka kubwereketsa ndalama zokwana $1 thililiyoni kuti zithandize mamembala ake. Zidazi zitha kupereka ndalama zokwana $50 biliyoni kwa omwe akutukuka kumene komanso akutukuka kumene. Mpaka $10 biliyoni atha kuperekedwa kwa mamembala omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kudzera munjira zothandizira ndalama, zomwe sizikhala ndi chiwongola dzanja;

 Kuwonetsetsa kuti kuyankha kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukugwirizana ndi kupitiliza kwa ndalama zomwe zikubwera ku Africa, kuphatikiza ndalama zomwe zimachokera, FDI, ODA, ndalama zogulira ntchito, makamaka polimbikitsa nsanja ya zokambirana zomwe zimasonkhanitsa maboma aku Africa, anzawo padziko lonse lapansi, komanso mabungwe aboma. ochita sewero omwe angathandize kulengeza mavuto azaumoyo ndi zachuma;

 Kuthandizira maiko pakuyesetsa kukonza njira zopezera chuma chapakhomo komanso kulimbana ndi kusayenda bwino kwachuma kuti apeze ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zake; ndi

 Kukhazikitsa ndi kutsata ndondomeko ya kusintha kwabwino pa nthawi yapakati ndi Mayiko omwe ali mamembala;

 Kukhazikitsanso Africa kuti itengerepo mwayi pazosintha zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika pambuyo pavuto la covid-19, popeza mayiko akuluakulu azachuma asintha malo awo opangira zinthu posamukira kumadera ena popatsa achinyamata maluso ofunikira kuti akope mayiko osiyanasiyana. Makampani (MNEs) ndi osewera ena apadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zilinso ndi phindu lolimbikitsa kusintha kwamaloko komanso kusamutsa bwino luso laukadaulo munkhani ya AfCFTA. Coronavirus yawonetsa malire a China kukhala malo opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso oyenerera pantchito.