International Dispute Management mu Nyengo Yamakono

M'nyengo ino ya kudalirana kwa mayiko, mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko ukukulirakulira chifukwa cha malonda, zokopa alendo ndi ntchito zina zopindulitsa. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha kuyandikana pakati pa mayiko ndi nkhani zandalama zambiri, mikangano yaing'ono ngakhalenso yoopsa ikuchulukirachulukira.

United Nations ndi bungwe lomwe limayang'anira mtendere wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo pafupifupi mayiko onse padziko lapansi ndi mamembala ake. Malinga ndi Charter ya United Nations, kuti pakhale mtendere padziko lonse lapansi, mikangano yapakati pa mayiko iyenera kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamtendere monga kuthetseratu, mapangano ndi kusinkhasinkha. Zonsezi ndi njira zoyankhulirana patebulo monga arbitration tafotokozera monga njira imene onse awiri amavomerezana pasadakhale kuthetsa kusamvana kwawo pokambirana.

Kodi mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi inkayendetsedwa bwanji m'mbuyomu?

Monga tikudziwira, mbiri ya dziko ili ndi nkhondo zambiri. Popeza kuti dongosolo la chipwirikiti linali lovuta kwambiri, mayiko ankagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo popanda choletsa chilichonse. Mwachitsanzo, m’Nkhondo Yadziko I, Germany sanazengereze kuukira dziko loyandikana nalo la Ulaya. Kuti akhale hegemon watsopano, izo unilaterally analengeza nkhondo ena Mayiko a ku Ulaya. Mayiko ena nawonso, sanazengereze kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri chifukwa panalibe mphamvu yapadziko lonse yoyang'anira zochita zawo. Motero, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amafa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kosalamulirika sikunathe ngakhale panthawiyo. Pamene Nkhondo Yaikuru (Nkhondo Yadziko I) inabala nkhondo yowopsa kwambiri ndi yokulirapo.

Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko Lonse imene inayamba mu 2, inapha anthu wamba ndi magulu ankhondo osaŵerengeka. Chikumbumtima cha ochita zisudzo padziko lonse ndiye chinabala bungwe la United Nations. Popeza kuti m’malo mwake, League of Nations, analephera momvetsa chisoni kuletsa nkhondo iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, United Nations, m'mawu oyamba a Charter yake idalonjeza:

"Ife anthu a United Nations tikulonjeza kupulumutsa dziko lapansi ku mliri wankhondo womwe kawiri m'moyo wathu wabweretsa zowawa zosaneneka kwa anthu."

Kuyambira pamenepo, mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi ikuyendetsedwa ndi United Nations.

Kodi bungwe la UN limagwira ntchito bwanji kuthetsa mikangano yapadziko lonse?

United Nations imagwira ntchito pa mfundo zamtendere ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko omasuka padziko lapansi. Lili ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana oyang'anira nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi. United Nations Security Council (UNSC) ndi United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) ndi mabungwe awiri amphamvu kwambiri m'bungweli. UNSC imagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu asanu padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti P5. A P5 kapena asanu okhazikika, pamodzi ndi mamembala khumi osakhazikika a UNSC, amakhala ndi misonkhano nthawi iliyonse yomwe mtendere wapadziko lonse wasokonezedwa. Mamembala okhazikika ali ndi mphamvu za veto zomwe zimatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi mayiko ena. Popeza mphamvu ya veto imalepheretsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa UNSC, ndichimodzi mwazinthu zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri mayiko okonda mtendere padziko lonse lapansi ndi ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachitetezo nthawi zonse. Mphamvu ya veto siyilola bungwe lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi kuti ligwiritse ntchito bwino mfundo zake pankhani zowopseza.

Choncho UNSC imagwira ntchito bwino pamene nkhani za mayiko ang'onoang'ono zikukhudzidwa. Komabe, pamene mamembala okhazikika kapena ogwirizana nawo akuwopseza mtendere wapadziko lonse, palibe ndondomeko zogwira mtima zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bungwe. Zomwe Mussolini adanena za League of Nations, zikuwonekabe zogwirizana ndi UNSC:

"League imakhala bwino pamene mpheta zikufuula koma sizili bwino pamene mphungu zagwa."

Kutsiliza

Pofuna kuthetsa mikanganoyo moyenera, bungwe la United Nations liyenera kukonza mfundo zake zothetsa mikangano. Mwachitsanzo, umembala wa UNSC uyenera kuonjezedwa ndipo kuyimilira madera kuperekedwa kwa magulu okhudzidwa. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za veto kuyenera kuletsedwa ndi zinthu zina. UNGA iyenera kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri. Popeza UN imalalikira demokalase, iyenera kukhala ndi mfundo za demokalase yokha. Chifukwa chake, bungwe lamphamvu kwambiri la United Nations liyenera kukhala UNGA pomwe mayiko onse akuyenera kuthetsa nkhani yomwe ikudetsa nkhawa pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi mfundo zakufanana.