Anthu a m'zilumbazi amapempha kuti aletse vuto la nyengo

COPENHAGEN - Kulengeza kuti "ndi nkhani yopulumuka," imodzi mwa mayiko ang'onoang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe amalankhula za zilumba zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kulikonse, adatenga mphamvu zamakampani ndi mafuta padziko lonse Lachitatu pamsonkhano wanyengo wa UN - ndikutaya.

“Madamu President, dziko likutiona. Nthaŵi yozengereza yatha,” Ian Fry, nthumwi ya m’chigawo chapakati pa Pacific ku Tuvalu, analengeza motero pamene anapempha msonkhano wonsewo kuti achepetse kutulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri kuposa mmene akuganizira.

Kukanidwaku kukuwonetsa kugawanika kwa anthu olemera ndi osauka komwe kumayang'anira msonkhanowo, zomwe zapangitsa kuti zilumba zina ziganizire zothawirako ngati zomwe mayiko angachite pankhani ya nyengo zitalephera.

Mwachindunji, Tuvalu adapempha kuti asinthe pangano la nyengo la 1992 la UN kuti lifunikire kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, mozama kuposa momwe maulamuliro akuluakulu akuganizira.

Kusinthaku kukadakakamiza mayiko padziko lonse lapansi kuti asunge kutentha kwa dziko - kukwera kwa kutentha komwe kumatsagana ndi kukwera kwa nyanja - kufika pa 1.5 digiri Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) pamwamba pamlingo usanayambike mafakitale. Kumeneko ndi 0.75 digiri C (1.35 madigiri F) apamwamba kuposa kuwonjezeka mpaka pano. Mayiko olemera akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya woipa umene ungachepetse kutentha kufika pa 2 digiri C (3.6 digiri F).

Zikadapangitsanso kuwongolera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamafuta oyambira ku US ndi China, India ndi mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene omwe mpaka pano sanakumanepo ndi izi.

Kuthamanga kwa Tuvalu, motsatiridwa ndi Grenada, Solomons ndi mayiko ena pachilumba chimodzi pansi pa Cavernous Bella Center, adakumana ndi chitsutso cholimba kuchokera ku chimphona chachikulu cha mafuta Saudi Arabia, chomwe chikanapwetekedwa ndi kubwezeredwa kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, komanso kuchokera ku China. ndi India. Nthumwi za ku United States zinakhala chete.

A Connie Hedegaard, Purezidenti waku Danish pamsonkhanowo, adati lingaliro lake pankhaniyi likhala "lovuta kwambiri komanso losavuta," popeza kuchitapo kanthu kuti apititse patsogolo ganizoli kukanafuna kuvomerezana. Anakana kuyitumiza ku "gulu lolumikizana," sitepe yotsatirayi.

"Iyi ndi nkhani yamakhalidwe," Fry anatsutsa. "Siyiyenera kuyimitsidwanso."

Lachitatu pambuyo pake, mazana achichepere ochirikiza nyengo padziko lonse lapansi, akuimba kuti “Tuvalu! Tuvalu!” ndiponso “Mverani zilumbazi!” anadzaza pakhomo la msonkhanowo pamene anthu a ku America ndi nthumwi zina zimakonzekera gawo la masana.

Chiwonetsero chochititsa chidwi pazovuta zazikulu zidabwera pa tsiku lachitatu la msonkhano wa milungu iwiri, womwe ukuyembekezeredwa kuti sudzabweretsa zabwino kuposa mgwirizano wandale wochepetsa mpweya woipa - wofunikira kwa mayiko ogulitsa mafakitale, kudzipereka ku China ndi mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene - kuti akhazikitsidwe mwalamulo. pangano chaka chamawa.

Kuchepetsako kudzalowa m'malo mwa mayiko otukuka 37 omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi pangano la Kyoto Protocol la 1997, lomwe lidatha mu 2012. Dziko la United States linakana pangano la Kyoto.

Mapeto a msonkhano wa ku Copenhagen akubwera kumapeto kwa sabata yamawa pomwe Purezidenti Barack Obama ndi atsogoleri ena amitundu yopitilira 100 akumana ku likulu la Denmark kwa maola omaliza a zokambirana zomwe zingakhale zovuta komanso zotsika mtengo.

Bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, lomwe ndi bungwe la asayansi lothandizidwa ndi bungwe la United Nations, limati nyanja zikukwera pafupifupi mamilimita atatu (3 mainchesi) pachaka. Chochitika chake choyipa kwambiri ndikuwona nyanja zikukwera ndi osachepera 0.12 centimita (60 mapazi) ndi 2, kuchokera pakukula kwa kutentha ndi kusefukira kwa ayezi wosungunuka. Asayansi a ku Britain amaona kuti mpweya umene umatulutsa panopa ukufanana ndi vuto lalikulu la IPCC.

Kukwera kwa nyanja kotereku kumawopseza kwambiri mayiko omwe ali pazilumba zotsika, monga Tuvalu ndi Kiribati ku Pacific, ndi Maldives ku Indian Ocean.

"Masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi angapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pamalo ngati Kiribati," Katswiri wa kasamalidwe ka nyanja ku Australia Robert Kay adatero Lachitatu popereka ndemanga pambali pa msonkhano wa Copenhagen. Kay adawonetsa kutha kwa nthawi momwe nyanja idzadyera pazilumba zopapatiza - nthawi zina zazilumba za 200-mita - ngati Tarawa ku Kiribati.

Zayamba kale ku Kiribati, kumene anthu a pachilumbachi akuvutika kuti apulumutse misewu, nyumba ndi nyumba za anthu kuti asawononge "mafunde a mfumu" milungu iwiri iliyonse. Zitsime zawo zayamba kusungunuka ndi madzi a m’nyanja. Mudzi umodzi wasiyidwa m'madzi okwera m'chiuno, wamkulu wa nthumwi za Kiribati, Betarim Rimon, adauza The Associated Press.

Kupatula makoma am'madzi ndi njira zina zaposachedwa, adati, atsogoleri a zilumbazi ali ndi dongosolo la "pakati", kuti aziyika anthu 110,000 pazilumba zitatu zomwe zingamangidwe kwambiri ndi thandizo la mayiko. Anthu tsopano akukhala pa ma atoll 32 omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 2 miliyoni a nyanja.

"Palibe amene ali m'chipinda chino angafune kuchoka kwawo," mlembi wakunja kwa Kiribati, a Tessie Lambourne, adauza chochitikacho. "Ndi mgwirizano wathu wauzimu ndi makolo athu. Sitikufuna kuchoka m’dziko lathu.”

Koma "ngati tikuyenera kupita, sitikufuna kukhala othawa kwawo zachilengedwe," adatero Lambourne, ponena za ndondomeko ya nthawi yaitali yophunzitsira anthu a ku Kiribati kuti asamuke ngati antchito aluso. Ndi thandizo la ku Australia, 40 i-Kiribati, monga momwe amatchulidwira, amaphunzitsidwa ngati anamwino chaka chilichonse ku Australia.

Mofananamo, atsogoleri a Tuvalu, mtundu wa anthu 10,000, akuyang’ana zam’tsogolo, kufunafuna chilolezo chokhazikitsanso anthu a ku Tuvalu ku Australia.

Greenpeace anali m'gulu la mabungwe azachilengedwe omwe akutsutsa Lachitatu kukana kuyitanitsa kwa Tuvalu kuti akhazikitse dongosolo lofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya.

"Ndi mgwirizano wokhawo womwe ungapatse mayikowa chidaliro kuti tsogolo lawo ndi lotsimikizika," a Martin Kaiser wa Greenpeace adatero.

Koma asayansi akuti mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide uli kale "m'mapaipi" - kutenthetsa mpweya pang'onopang'ono - zimatsimikizira kuti zilumba zotsika kwambiri, monga Bangladesh, zidzakumana ndi kusefukira kwa mafunde ndi mikuntho yamphamvu kwambiri.

Kukwera kwa nyanja kukuopseza magombe kulikonse koma, okhala pachilumbachi akuti, maboma omwe ali pachiwopsezo monga chilumba cha Lower Manhattan Island ndi Shanghai ali ndi ndalama ndi zothandizira kuwateteza ku kutentha koipitsitsa kwa dziko.

Lingaliro lina lidachokera kwa Fred Smith wa Competitive Enterprise Institute, thanki yoganiza za msika waulere ku Washington yomwe imati US ndi mayiko ena oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta awononga chuma. Amakhulupirira kuti chuma chotsikirapo ndiye chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kuzilumbazi.

"Ngati cholinga chake m'zaka za zana lino chili pakupanga chuma, ndiye kuti zilumbazi zitha kukonzekera bwino zoopsa ngati zitachitika," adatero pafoni kuchokera ku Washington.