Chinjoka cha Komodo chikuwopseza midzi ya ku Indonesia

CHISWA CHA KOMODO, Indonesia - Njoka za Komodo zili ndi mano ngati shaki ndi utsi woopsa umene ukhoza kupha munthu pasanathe maola angapo atalumidwa. Komabe anthu akumidzi omwe akhala kwa mibadwo yambiri pafupi ndi buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi sanachite mantha - mpaka zinjokazo zidayamba kuwukira.

Nkhanizi zidafalikira mwachangu pazisumbu zotentha izi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Indonesia, malo okhawo omwe zokwawa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutheratu zitha kupezeka kuthengo: Anthu awiri adaphedwa kuyambira 2007 - mnyamata ndi msodzi - ndipo ena adavulala kwambiri atayimbidwa mlandu. osakwiya.

Kuukira kwa chinjoka cha Komodo sikunali kosowa, akatswiri amazindikira. Koma mantha akuyenda m’midzi ya asodzi, pamodzi ndi mafunso okhudza mmene tingakhalire bwino ndi zinjokazo m’tsogolo.

Main, wazaka 46 wosamalira malo osungira nyama, anali kulemba zolemba pamene chinjoka chinatsika masitepe a nyumba yake yamatabwa ku Komodo National Park ndikupita kuti akakolo ake akulendewera pansi pa desiki. Mlondayo atayesa kutsegula nsagwada zamphamvu za chilombocho, chinatsekera mano m’dzanja lake.

"Ndinkaganiza kuti sindingakhale ndi moyo… Ndathera theka la moyo wanga ndikugwira ntchito ndi a Komodos ndipo sindinawonepo chilichonse chotere," adatero Main, akuloza ziboda zake zokhotakhota, zosokedwa ndi masitichi 55 ndipo amatupabe pakadutsa miyezi itatu. “Mwamwayi, anzanga anamva kukuwa kwanga ndipo ananditengera kuchipatala panthaŵi yake.”

Komodos, omwe amadziwika kwambiri kumalo osungirako nyama ku United States mpaka ku Ulaya, amakula mpaka kufika mamita 10 m'litali ndi mapaundi 3 (150 kilograms). Pafupifupi 70 omwe atsala kuthengo amapezeka mkati mwa 2,500-square-mile (700-square-kilometer) Komodo National Park, makamaka kuzilumba zake ziwiri zazikulu, Komodo ndi Rinca. Abuluzi pa Padar woyandikana nawo anafafanizidwa m’ma 1,810 pamene alenje anapha nyama yawo yaikulu, nswala.

Ngakhale kupha nyama sikololedwa, kukula kwake kwa pakiyo - komanso kuchepa kwa oyang'anira - kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kulondera, atero a Heru Rudiharto, wasayansi komanso katswiri wazokwawa. Anthu a m’mudzimo akuti ankhandwewo ali ndi njala komanso amachitira nkhanza anthu chifukwa chakudya chawo chikugwiriridwa, ngakhale akuluakulu a pakiyi sachedwa kutsutsa.

Abuluzi akuluakulu akhala owopsa nthawi zonse, adatero Rudiharto. Ngakhale kuti zingaoneke zodetsedwa, zikuyenda pansi pa mitengo ndi kuyang’ana nyanja ku magombe a mchenga woyera, zimakhala zachangu, zamphamvu ndi zakupha.

Amakhulupirira kuti nyamazi zinachokera ku buluzi wamkulu pachilumba chachikulu cha Indonesia cha Java kapena Australia zaka 30,000 zapitazo. Amatha kuthamanga liwiro la makilomita 18 (pafupifupi makilomita 30) pa ola, miyendo yawo ikuzungulira m’mapewa awo aang’ono, masikweya-bwalo ngati omenya dzira.

Akagwira nyama, amachita chipongwe choluma chomwe chimatulutsa utsi, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano mwezi uno m'magazini yotchedwa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Olembawo, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito ma glands odulidwa kuchokera ku chinjoka chomwe chikudwala matenda osachiritsika ku Singapore Zoo, adatsutsa chiphunzitso chakuti nyama zimafa chifukwa chakupha magazi chifukwa cha mabakiteriya oopsa omwe ali mkamwa mwa buluzi.

“Mano aatali, othothoka ndi zida zazikulu. Amapereka mabala akuya, akuya awa, "atero a Bryan Fry wa pa yunivesite ya Melbourne. Koma utsiwo umapangitsa kuti magazi azituluka ndipo amachepetsanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, motero nyamayo imayandikira kukomoka.

Anthu anayi aphedwa m'zaka 35 zapitazi (2009, 2007, 2000 ndi 1974) ndipo osachepera asanu ndi atatu avulala pazaka khumi zokha. Koma akuluakulu amapaki akuti ziwerengerozi sizowopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa alendo komanso anthu 4,000 omwe amakhala pakati pawo.

"Nthawi iliyonse pakachitika chiwembu, anthu ambiri amamvetsera," adatero Rudiharto. "Koma ndichifukwa choti buluzi uyu ndi wachilendo, wakale, ndipo sapezeka paliponse koma pano."

Komabe, zowukira zaposachedwa sizikanabwera panthawi yoyipa kwambiri.

Boma likuchita kampeni yolimba kuti pakiyi ikhale pamndandanda watsopano wa Zodabwitsa Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zachilengedwe - kuwombera kwanthawi yayitali, koma kuyesa kudziwitsa anthu. Mapiri olimba a pakiyi ndi m'mapiri okhala ndi mbalame zokhala ndi miyendo ya malalanje, nguluwe zamtchire ndi akavalo ang'onoang'ono amtchire, ndipo matanthwe ozungulira matanthwe ndi magombe amakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira khumi ndi iwiri ya anamgumi, ma dolphin ndi akamba am'nyanja.

Claudio Ciofi, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku dipatimenti ya Animal Biology ndi Genetics ku yunivesite ya Florence ku Italy, anati ngati komodos ali ndi njala, akhoza kukopeka ndi midzi chifukwa cha fungo la kuumitsa nsomba ndi kuphika, ndipo "kukumana kungathe kukhala kawirikawiri. ”

Anthu akumudzi akadadziwa yankho.

Akuti nthawi zonse amakhala mwamtendere ndi a Komodos. Nthano ina yotchuka imasimba za mwamuna amene panthaŵi ina anakwatira chinjoka “mfumukazi.” Amapasa awo, mnyamata wamunthu, Gerong, ndi mtsikana wabuluzi, Orah, analekana atabadwa.

Gerong atakula, nkhaniyo imati, anakumana ndi chilombo cholusa m’nkhalango. Koma atatsala pang’ono kuponya nthungo, mayi ake anatulukira, n’kumuulula kuti awiriwo anali m’bale ndi mlongo wake.

"Zingatheke bwanji kuti ankhandwe akhale aukali chonchi?" Hajj Amin, wazaka 51, akukoka ndudu zake pang'onopang'ono, pomwe akulu ena ammudzi omwe adasonkhana pansi pa nyumba yamatabwa pamiyendo adagwedeza mutu. Zinjoka zingapo zinkakhala pafupi, zomwe zinakopeka ndi fungo loipa la nsomba zowuma pamphasa za nsungwi padzuwa lotentha kwambiri. Podutsapo panalinso mbuzi ndi nkhuku zambirimbiri.

Amin anati: “Sanazolowere kutiukira pamene tikuyenda tokha m’nkhalango, kapena kuukira ana athu. "Tonse tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi izi."

Ankhandwewo amadya 80 peresenti ya kulemera kwawo ndipo kenako amakhala osadya kwa milungu ingapo. Amin ndi ena ati ankhandwewo ali ndi njala chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya 1994 yomwe imaletsa anthu akumidzi kuwapatsa chakudya.

“Tinkawapatsa mafupa ndi chikopa cha nswala,” anatero msodziyo.

Posachedwapa anthu akumidzi anapempha chilolezo choti azidyetsa nguluwe kwa a Komodo kangapo pachaka, koma akuluakulu a pakiyo akuti zimenezo sizichitika.

"Ngati tilola anthu kuwadyetsa, amangochita ulesi ndikutaya luso lawo losaka," adatero Jeri Imansyah, katswiri wina wa zokwawa. “Tsiku lina, izo zidzawapha iwo. ”

Kuukira komwe kunachenjeza anthu akumudzi kunachitika zaka ziwiri zapitazo, pamene Mansyur wazaka 8 adaphwanyidwa mpaka kufa pamene akudzichitira chimbudzi m'tchire kuseri kwa nyumba yake yamatabwa.

Anthu akhala akupempha kuti amangidwe mpanda wa konkire wa mamita 6 m’mwamba (2 mita) kuzungulira midzi yawo, koma lingaliro limenelo nalonso lakanidwa. Mkulu wa pakiyo, Tamen Sitorus, anati: “Ndi pempho lachilendo. Simungamange mpanda wotero m’malo osungirako nyama!”

Anthu okhalamo apanga chotchinga chamitengo ndi nthambi zosweka, koma akudandaula kuti ndizosavuta kuti nyama zithyole.

“Tsopano tikuwopa kwambiri,” anatero Riswan wazaka 11, akukumbukira mmene milungu ingapo yapitayo ophunzira anakuwa pamene anaona abuluzi aakulu m’munda wafumbi kuseri kwa sukulu yawo. "Tinkaganiza kuti alowa m'kalasi mwathu. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi tinakhoza kulithamangitsa kukwera phiri mwa kuponya miyala ndi kufuula kuti ‘Hooh Hoohh.’”

Kenako, miyezi iwiri yokha yapitayo, msodzi wazaka 31, Muhamad Anwar, anaphedwa ataponda buluzi muudzu pamene ankapita kumunda kukathyola zipatso mumtengo wa shuga.

Ngakhale oyang'anira malo osungiramo nyama amanjenjemera.

Zapita masiku oyendayenda ndi abuluzi, akugwedeza michira, kukumbatira misana yawo ndikuthamangira kutsogolo kwawo, akuwoneka ngati akuthamangitsidwa, adatero Muhamad Saleh, yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi nyamazo kuyambira 1987.

“Osatinso,” iye akutero, akunyamula ndodo yautali wa mapazi 6 (mamita 2) kulikonse kumene akupita kukafuna chitetezo. Kenako, pobwereza mawu omveka a wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa ku Indonesia, anawonjezera kuti: “Ndikufuna kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka chikwi chimodzi.”