Kugwirizana kwa Lincoln zokopa alendo

M'masiku ochepa, timakondwerera bicentennial kubadwa kwa Lincoln. Malo amodzi makamaka, Spencer County, Indiana, ali wolumikizidwa mosalekeza kwa purezidenti wamkulu waku US, ndipo 2009 ikhala chaka chapadera kufufuza gawo la mbiri yakaleli.

Ndinadziwitsidwa ku Spencer County kudzera mwa Paula Werne, director of public relations at Holiday World & Splashin' Safari. Holiday World ndi paki yachigawo yomwe kale imadziwika kuti Santa Claus Land. Pamene idatsegulidwa mu 1946, inali yoyamba yamtunduwu ku America. Zinayamba ngati zokopa zaulere kwa mabanja omwe amayendera malo akunyumba kwa Lincoln ali mwana, ndipo idakula kukhala malo olemekezeka okondwerera Khrisimasi, Halloween, Thanksgiving ndi 4 July ndi kukwera, zosangalatsa zamoyo, masewera ndi zokopa.

Paula Werne anatilonjera ndi kukumbatira kwakukulu ndi ndondomeko yonse ya malo oti tikachezere ku Spencer County. Sindimayembekezera kulandiridwa kotereku kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito, koma ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha kampani yawo - Holiday World idapambana malo oyamba mu gulu la "Friendliest Park Staff" kwa zaka khumi zotsatizana, monga momwe adaperekera tikiti ya Golden Ticket. Awards Association, ndipo idasindikizidwa mu Amusement Today magazini.

Anaitanira banja langa kulowa m'zipata za Holiday World ndipo anatipatsa ulamuliro waulere. Mabwalo anali opanda banga. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi adavotera "Paki Yoyeretsa Kwambiri ku America," ngakhale amapereka zopanda malire, zotsekemera za soda zaulere m'makapu amapepala tsiku lonse pa malo ogulitsa. Ngati zimenezo sizinali zowolowa manja mokwanira, amaperekanso malo oimika magalimoto aulere, mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa aulere, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere machubu amkati m'paki yamadzi.

Paula anandiuza kuti “Holiday World ingakhale malo okhawo okhala ndi mitu padziko lonse lapansi pomwe Abraham Lincoln wasayina siginecha yokhazikika,” pomwe amanditsogolera kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale mkati mwa nyumbayo. "M'buku la Lincoln Collection muli zinthu zambiri zakale zopangidwa ndi moyo wa Abraham Lincoln, makamaka za zaka 14 zomwe adakulira pamtunda wamakilomita ochepa kuchokera pano."

Paula anapitiliza kuti, "Makanema 17 owonetsa motsatira nthawi amafotokoza za moyo wa Purezidenti Lincoln. Kuyambira m’mabuku ndi zida, makalata ndi zovala, chionetserochi chimapatsa alendo odzaona malingaliro a Lincoln kuyambira ali mnyamata mpaka zaka zake zomalizira monga pulezidenti wa 16 wa dziko.”

Chiwonetsero cha m'kalasi ya Lincoln chimaphatikizapo mapepala olembedwa ndi iye ali mwana wophunzira, ndi zinthu zambiri zaumwini za banja lake.

"Zosonkhanitsazo zapangidwanso kuti zikhale chida chophunzitsira magulu asukulu," adatero Paula, "ndipo tikupanga chaka cha 2009 kukhala chaka chabwino kwambiri choti mabanja abwere kudzaphunzira za purezidenti wokondedwa."

Paula alinso m'gulu la oyang'anira a Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association, yomwe idzatsegule sewero latsopano la Lincoln mu June, 2009. Paulendo wathu ku Spencer County, "Young Abe Lincoln," sewero lakunja lanyimbo, linali pa siteji pa The Lincoln State Park Amphitheatre. Tinasangalala kwambiri ndi chiwonetserochi, chomwe chinali mtundu wa Indiana wa "Oklahoma"; koma sewero latsopano lokondwerera zaka ziwiri za kubadwa kwa Lincoln likulonjeza kuti lidzakhala lochulukirapo.

Purezidenti wa Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association ndi Will Koch, kholo labanja lomwe lili ndi Holiday World.

"Makhalidwe a Lincoln adapangidwa komwe kuno kumwera kwa Indiana," adatero. "Tikufuna kuti sewero latsopanoli lisiye omvera ndikumvetsetsa kuti mnyamata yemwe amakhala kuno wazaka 7 mpaka 21 adakhala purezidenti wodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo komanso kuphunzira pano."

Paula anati: “Zinthu zambiri zimene anasankha kuchita zinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha ubwana wake. "Wolemba sewero akuwonetsa Lincoln m'zaka zake zapurezidenti, akukumbukira ubwana wake."

Pambuyo pofufuza dziko lonse, Drama Association inasankha Dr. Ken Jones, Mpando wa Lois ndi Richard Rosenthal ku Theatre ku Northern Kentucky University, kuti alembe sewero latsopanoli. Dr. Jones anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Institute for Advanced Theatre Training ku Harvard University mu Playwriting.

"Paula anali m'komiti yolemba masewera omwe adandisankha," adatero Dr. Jones. “Iye anali munthu woyamba amene ndinakumana naye m’chigawo cha Spencer. Nditakumana naye, ndidadziwa kuti ndikufuna kuchita seweroli - anali wabwino kwambiri komanso wansangala komanso wokoma mtima. Mutha kudziwa kuti Lincoln anakulira m'derali, chifukwa zikuwonekera mu mzimu wa anthu am'deralo. "

Dr. Jones amakhala maola atatu ndi theka kuchokera ku Lincoln City, Indiana, koma kwa chaka chatha wakhala akubwera kudzafufuza malowa sabata iliyonse, akuyendera malo onse omwe amadziwika kuti amabwera kawirikawiri ndi Abraham Lincoln wamng'ono.

“Mu sewero lonseli, timamva nyimbo zaukapolo zachikhalidwe ndi zauthenga wabwino. Kwaya ikutsagana ndi seweroli pamene seweroli likuchitika. Padzakhalanso mphindi zotsatizana zotsatizana m’sewerolo,” anatero Dr. Jones. “Padzakhala umisiri wambiri wapa media. Kuwonetsedwa pazenera, pa siteji yomwe ili pansi pa Lincoln, omvera adzawona zithunzi za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, midzi yosawonongeka ya Indiana, zipinda zamatabwa, ndi nthawi zowawa kwambiri, monga zonyezimira za imfa ya amayi ake. Kuwonetsera kwapawailesi yakanema kumalumikizana ndi zomwe Purezidenti adapanga ku America monga tikudziwira. ”

“Seweroli likhala losiyana kwambiri ndi sewero lakunja; ndi The Lion King akukumana ndi Lincoln,” adatero Dr. Jones, yemwe anakhala zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito zopanga Disney. "Masewero athu ndiatsopano kwambiri ndi zoyerekeza ndi ma lasers, komanso zomwe zili ndi mbiri yakale. Iyi ndi njira yosangalatsa yowonetsera masewero akunja.”
Pali zochitika zachisoni, zogwira mtima, zokhudza imfa ya amayi ake. Dr. Jones adapanga chochitika pomwe Lincoln adakumana ndi kapolo pamadoko. Ngakhale kuti Indiana inali dziko laufulu panthawiyo, akadawona akapolo ku Kentucky, komwe kunali kuseri kwa Mtsinje wa Ohio, komwe Lincoln ankadutsamo ngati woyendetsa boti.

"Mphindi ina pachiwonetsero chachiwiri ikuwonetsa Purezidenti Lincoln akukambirana ndi General Grant. Pa zenera pali flashbacks kwa unyamata wake. Lincoln ankapita kwa wosula zitsulo, kumene akulu ankasonkhana kuti akambirane. Mlangizi wina anali Mtsamunda William Jones. Apa m’pamene Lincoln anaphunzira za ndale,” anatero Dr. Jones, “ndipo apa, atagwirizanitsidwa ndi General Grant ndi Mtsamunda Jones, omvera amawona mmene wachichepereyo anaphunzirira zambiri za zimene anachita kwa anthu a m’deralo.”

Melissa Miller ndi director director a Spencer County Visitors' Bureau. Anati, "Mu 2009, DNR ichita kafukufuku wofukula m'mabwinja ku The Colonel Jones Home State Historic Site, kufufuza zinthu zakale za Lincoln. Nyumba yokonzedwa bwino imeneyi ya 1834 Federal-design ya bwana wamalonda wa Abraham Lincoln imapereka chithunzithunzi chapadera cha chitukuko choyambirira cha Indiana ndi moyo wa Mtsamunda William Jones, yemwenso anali wandale.

Mudzi wa Lincoln Pioneer ndi gulu la zipinda zamatabwa, nyumba zaboma, masukulu, ndi matchalitchi omwe adamangidwanso monga momwe adayimilira m'masiku a Lincoln ku Spencer County. Mudziwu uli ndi zinthu zakale zingapo zowona, monga nduna yomangidwa ndi a Thomas Lincoln, abambo ake a Abraham, komanso diresi la Sarah Grigsby, mlongo wake wa Lincoln.

Gay Ann Harney, wolankhulira mudziwo, adati omasulira omwe amavala nthawi yayitali amawonetsa njira zamabizinesi akale, ndipo Meyi 16-17, Rendezvous yapadera ya 1816-1830 ikhala ndi mpikisano wa Young Abe, chiwonetsero chaukwati cha Lincoln & Grigsby, misasa, kutsitsa milomo ndi kuponyera tomahawk. ziwonetsero.

Little Pigeon Baptist Church idakhazikitsidwa pa June 8, 1816, chaka chomwe Thomas Lincoln ndi banja lake adasamuka ku Kentucky ndikukhazikika ku Little Pigeon Creek ku Indiana Territory. Apa ndipamene banja la a Lincoln linkapita ku misonkhano. Thomas Lincoln ndi mwana wake Abraham, anathandiza kumanga nyumbayo. Zolemba zimasonyeza kuti abambo a Lincoln, amayi ake opeza, ndi mlongo wake anali mamembala okangalika a tchalitchi ichi. Komabe, Abrahamu sanakhale membala. M'menemo muli chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse zikhulupiriro zazikulu za Lincoln. Pamene Lincoln ankakhulupirira kuti chabwino kapena cholakwika, chiphunzitso cha tchalitchi chinagonjetsedwa mochititsa manyazi.

Dr. Mark A. Noll, pulofesa wa mbiri yakale pa koleji ya Wheaton, m’buku lake lakuti “A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada,” analemba kuti: “N’kutheka kuti Lincoln anakanidwa Chikristu chokonzekera chifukwa cha zimene anakumana nazo ali mnyamata. New Salem, Illinois, kumene kutengeka maganizo koipitsitsa ndi mikangano yoopsa ya magulu ampatuko inali kukhala misonkhano ya m’misasa ya chaka ndi chaka ndi utumiki wa alaliki oyendayenda.”

Lincoln sanali wotsatira mpatuko. Iye anali wogwirizanitsa, osati wogawanitsa.
Pogwidwa mawu ndi Joseph Lewis mu “Lincoln the Freethinker,” pulezidentiyo anati: “Baibulo si buku langa, kapena Chikristu si ntchito yanga. Sindinathe kuvomereza mawu aatali, ovuta a chiphunzitso Chachikristu.”

Lincoln anali ndi vuto ndi machitidwe ena achikhristu - pali ndime zambiri za m'Baibulo zomwe zimavomereza ukapolo, monga Eksodo 21:20-21. Ngati Lincoln anali mwamuna kapena mkazi, monga akatswiri ambiri amatsutsa, akanatha kunyansidwa ndi zomwe anthu okhulupirira kuti amadana nazo pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kutsatira monyanyira ku gulu lamagulu kunamulepheretsa.

Kugonana kwa Lincoln ndi nkhani yotsutsana. Dr. Andrew Sullivan, yemwe adalandira digiri ya mbiri yakale pa yunivesite ya Oxford, ndi PhD m'boma pa yunivesite ya Harvard analemba kuti, "Ndithudi ngati mukuyang'ana umboni woonekeratu wa maubwenzi ogonana pakati pa amuna a m'nthawi ya Lincoln mu mbiri yakale yovomerezeka, inu. 'Ndidzafika potsimikiza kuti palibe amene anali gay m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Koma ndithudi, ambiri anali.”

M'buku lakuti "The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln," CA Tripp, PhD, katswiri wa zamaganizo, wochiritsa komanso wofufuza za kugonana amajambula chithunzi cha Abraham Lincoln monga wozunzidwa komanso wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe maubwenzi ake aakulu ndi amuna monga Joshua Speed ​​ndi Captain David Derickson anali. onse ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Mtolankhani Cecil Adams wakhala “akulimbana ndi umbuli chiyambire 1973” (omwe ali mawu a m’danga lake); Iye anati: “Lincoln anagona ndi mwamuna kwa zaka zambiri ndipo akuwoneka kuti sanagwiritse ntchito bwino akazi—mutha kuona pamene anthu masiku ano angalumphe kuganiza mozama. Poganizira momwe zinthu za Thomas Jefferson/Sally Hemings zinakhalira, sindikanafulumira kunena kuti akulakwitsa.

Captain David Derickson anali mnzake wa Lincoln pakati pa September 1862 ndi April 1863. Anakhala pabedi nthawi yomwe mkazi wa Lincoln analibe. Elizabeth Woodbury Fox, mkazi wa wothandizira panyanja wa Lincoln, analemba m’buku lake la zochitika pa November 16, 1862, kuti: “Tish akuti, ‘Oh, pali msilikali wa Bucktail pano wodzipereka kwa pulezidenti, amayendetsa naye limodzi, ndipo pamene Mayi L alibe. kunyumba, kugona naye.”

Tsopano, ine ndikhoza pafupifupi kugula kufotokoza kuti Lincoln anagona pa bedi lomwelo ndi Joshua Fry Speed ​​kwa zaka zinayi chifukwa cha umphawi ndi kufunika kutentha (ngakhale pa 90 madigiri chilimwe usiku). Koma Lincoln atakhala pulezidenti, sanafunikire kugona ndi Captain Derickson pamene missus anali atachoka chifukwa cha umphawi kapena kusowa kwa malasha ku White House. Mkati mwa nyumba yaikulu ya zipinda 132, sanapeze malo ena ogona?

The LA Weekly idasindikiza ndakatulo yoyipa yokhudza ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha yomwe Lincoln adalemba ali wachinyamata ku Indiana. Mmodzi mwa amuna mu ndakatulo yake, Billy, adadziwika kuti anali ndi "ng'anjo yotsika" [chifukwa chinthu chomwe chili mkati mwa thalauza lake chinali chokwanira]. Lincoln sanalengeze moyo wake wamseri. Monga Bill Clinton, a Baptist akumwera amakakamizidwa ndi tchalitchi chawo kuti afotokoze zambiri za kuthaŵa kwawo kugonana.

Bambo anga, monga bambo ake a Lincoln, ndi a Baptist wa kumwera kwa Baptist. “Machimo” aŵiri oipitsitsa amene amasonkhezera Abaptisti ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi moŵa. Inde, pali mtundu wovomerezeka, ndiyeno zenizeni momwe anthu amakhalira moyo wawo. Zolemba kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ma risiti ndi makontrakitala ochokera ku Little Pigeon Baptist Church, amaphatikiza zolemba zotchula banja la a Thomas Lincoln. Mamembala a tchalitchicho anachita pangano ndi omanga nyumba kuti apange chimney chatsopano, kugaŵira zinthu zosinthanitsa monga kachasu kuti alipire omangawo. Kodi kachasu anali kuchita chiyani mnyumba yamatabwa ya Abaptisti? Sitingadziwe konse. Zomwe zimachitika m'nyumba yamatabwa zimakhala m'nyumba yamatabwa.

Malo okhala mu nthawi ya Lincoln anali osavuta komanso osakongoletsa. Melissa Miller adanenanso chifukwa chake amakonda Colonel Jones Home. “Ndi nyumba yeniyeni yomwe mungadutsemo, yokhala ndi mayendedwe angapo achilengedwe. Zimayimira momwe moyo unalili pa nthawi ya Lincoln, kukupatsani chidziwitso cha momwe anthu apamwamba ankakhalira. Iwo anachita ntchito yaikulu kubwezeretsa nyumbayo mmene inalili poyamba. Kukhitchini, mukuwona momwe amaphika pamoto. Panthaŵiyo, ikanawonedwa kukhala nyumba yaikulu, koma malinga ndi miyezo yathu, sitinganene kuti kukhala moyo wapamwamba.”

Pulofesa wopuma pantchito Walter Beumel, PhD, ndi woyang'anira Nyumba Yodziwika bwino ya Lincoln Cabin, yomwe ili pamalo a Buffalo Run Farm, yomwe ili mtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera kunyumba ya Lincoln. Dr. Beumel anati, “Msuweni wake wa Abraham Lincoln, Dennis Hanks, nthawi ina anagwirapo chikalata cha chikalata china cha famu yomwe masiku ano imatchedwa njati. Dennis Hanks amakhala mnyumba ya a Thomas Lincoln ndipo adakwatira mlongo wa Abe, Elizabeth Johnston. Nyumbayi imakhala ndi cholinga chophunzitsira, monga mtundu wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe alendo amabwera kudzayendera ndi kulowa chaka chonse. Zisonyezero za apainiya a mbiri yakale mkati mwa kanyumbako zimachitidwa m’magulu odzaona malo, m’magulu asukulu ndi pa zochitika zapadera.”

Ulendo wathu wopita ku Buffalo Run Farm unatipatsa mwayi wosowa woyitanitsa nkhomaliro za njati. Tinasokonezeka pang’ono ponena za kusiyana kwa njati ndi njati. Tinafunsa Dr. Beumel chomwe chinasiyanitsa awiriwa. Iye anati, “Mwaukadaulo, mukuyang’ana gulu la njati m’minda kumbuyo uko, kuseri kwa njati. Tsopano, pali njati zenizeni ziwiri - njati za ku Africa, zomwe sizinakhalepo zoweta, ndipo ndi za ku Asia, njati za m'madzi. Zolengedwa zomwe zinkangoyendayenda ku kontinenti ya America ndi njati, ngakhale kuti zimatchedwa buffalo.”

Pambuyo pake masana pamene tikuyendera Holiday World, pulezidenti wa paki yamutu Will Koch adagwirizana ndi Paula Werne, amayi anga, ndi ine kuti tigawane nkhani za kutenga nawo mbali kwa banja lake popanga malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Indiana, omwe tsopano amatchedwa Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. Poyamba ankadziwika kuti Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial Park, malowa anali nyumba ya Lincoln ndipo tsopano ndi manda a amayi ake a Abraham Lincoln, Nancy, omwe anamwalira pa October 5, 1818.

Will Koch adati modzichepetsa abambo ake (Bill Koch) anali ndi mphamvu pakukhazikitsa National Park. Malinga ndi mbiri ya dziko, inali malingaliro a Bill Koch kuyambira pachiyambi. Iye anali katswiri kumbuyo kwa ndondomekoyi. Pakadapanda maloto a Bill Koch, chikumbutso cha dzikolo sichikadakhalapo.

Paula Warne anawonjezera kuti, "Pa Januware 10, 1962 a Bill Koch analipo pomwe JFK idasaina lamulo lopanga Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial ku Lincoln City, Indiana." (Mutha kuwona chithunzi ku Lincoln200.weebly.com)

Anatiwonetsa cholembera chamwambo chomwe Purezidenti Kennedy adagwiritsa ntchito kusaina biluyo, yomwe tsopano ikuwonetsedwa ku Holiday World's Lincoln Collection, pakati pa zikumbukiro zina zochititsa chidwi zosungidwa ndi mzera wa a Koch.

Mabanja omwe akufuna kukhala ndi tchuthi chatanthauzo chaka chino apeza sabata pamalo opumira akale a Lincoln kuphatikiza kosangalatsa, maphunziro, ndi kutulukira. Popeza kuti ndalama zikuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu aku America ambiri chaka chino, derali ndi lokongola kwambiri ndi zochitika zake zonse zaulere komanso zamtengo wapatali. Ndalama zatchuthi ku Lincolnalia zitha kubweretsa phindu lopindulitsa.