Khama lafika: Kupambana paulendo wa Mars!

1. Kusaka moyo wakale kumayamba.
2. Kuwona Jezero crater ngati malo okhalamo.
3. Kodi Mars ayenera kukhala pamndandanda wa ndowa zapaulendo?

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Rover yotchedwa Perseverance yatera pa Mars ndipo ikutumizanso zithunzi zake zoyambirira. Unali ulendo wamakilomita 292.5 miliyoni, wa miyezi 7 kuti ukafike kumeneko kuchokera ku Dziko Lapansi.

USGS ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera pakufika kwa mbiri yakaleku. Kuchokera kumalingaliro awo, pamene mukukonzekera kufufuza malo atsopano, nthawi zonse ndibwino kuti mubweretse mapu kuti mupewe malo oopsa. Izi ndi zoona kaya mukupita kukayenda pa Dziko Lapansi kapena mukukwera pa Mars.

Zolinga za ntchitoyo ndikufufuza umboni wa moyo wakale komanso malo okhalamo ku Jezero crater ndikusonkhanitsa ndikusunga zitsanzo zomwe, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, zitha kubwezeredwa ku Earth ndi ntchito yamtsogolo.

Kutera movutikira, komwe kumadziwika kuti Entry, Descent and Landing, kapena EDL, kumayendetsedwa ndi mamapu olondola kwambiri a Mars omwe adapangidwapo, mothandizidwa ndi USGS Astrogeology Science Center. Kuti ifike pamalo olimba a Martian, chombocho chidzagwiritsa ntchito luso latsopano lotchedwa "Terrain Relative Navigation." Pamene ikutsika mumlengalenga wa pulaneti, chombocho chidzagwiritsa ntchito mapu ake apamtunda kuti chidziŵe pamene chiri ndi kupewa ngozi pamene chikutera pamwamba pa pulaneti. Kuti ulendowu ugwire ntchito, chombocho chimafunikira mamapu abwino kwambiri a malo otera ndi malo ozungulira.

"Monga momwe timafunira kuyendetsa ndegeyo pamanja, sizingatheke," adatero Robin Fergason, USGS kafukufuku wa geophysicist. "Mars ili kutali kwambiri - makilomita pafupifupi 130 miliyoni panthawi yotera - moti zimatengera mphindi zingapo kuti mawayilesi azitha kuyenda pakati pa Mars ndi Dziko Lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mamapu omwe tapanga, chombocho chizitha kudziwongolera bwino m'malo mwake. ”

USGS poyambilira idapanga mamapu awiri a ntchito ya Mars 2020, kuphatikiza mapu amtunda omwe amadutsa malo otsetsereka ndi madera ambiri ozungulira komanso mapu okwera kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza kuti afotokoze molondola zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pamalowo. Mapu a mtunda ndi mamapu a zoopsa zapamtunda adayenda pachombocho ndipo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchithandizira kutera bwino. Mapu oyambira apitilizabe kugwira ntchito zautumwi Padziko Lapansi pomwe asayansi akukonza komwe rover idzafufuza ikakhala pansi. Mamapu onse adayanjanitsidwa ndi kulondola kosaneneka kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso mamapu apadziko lonse lapansi a Mars kuwonetsetsa kuti akuwonetsa komwe chilichonse chili.

Kuphatikiza pa mamapu omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito potsika, ofufuza a USGS adathandiziranso kufalitsa mapu atsopano a geologic a Jezero crater ndi Nili Planum - mapiri akale, okhala ndi ziboliboli pomwe chigwacho chinakhudza. Mapu a geologic amafotokoza malo otsetsereka ndi malo ozungulira omwe ndegeyo idzakumana nayo paulendo wake mkati mwa ntchito yake. Mapu a geologic ali ofanana ndi mapu athu a USGS topographic, omwe ndi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa palibe amene adapondapo pamtunda wa Martian, womwe uli kutali ndi dziko lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa mapu a geologic kumatenga pafupifupi masikweya mailosi 40 ndipo kumaphatikizaponso madera akale kwambiri ku Mars. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, dera lomwe likufufuzidwa likuwonetsa mbiri yakale yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi amadzimadzi - chinthu chofunikira pamoyo.

"Kufufuza ndi mbali ya chibadwa cha munthu,” anatero Jim Skinner, katswiri wofufuza za nthaka wa USGS. "Ndili wokondwa kuwona zomwe rover ikuwona komanso momwe zomwe zatulukira zidzakulitsa chidziwitso chathu cha Martian ndi mbiri yakale ya dziko lapansi."

Kupitilira kupanga mapu, Perseverance rover ikafika, asayansi angapo a USGS apitiliza kuchita nawo ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za rover. M'malo mwake, mawilo a Perseverance atangotuluka kunthaka ya Martian, ofufuza a USGS Ken Herkenhoff, Ryan Anderson ndi Alicia Vaughan apitiliza kuthandizira ntchito ya NASA yotsegula zinsinsi za dziko lofiira pothandizira zida ziwiri zomwe zilimo - Mastcam- Z ndi SuperCam. Zida zonse ziwirizi zidayikidwa pamwamba pa ma sensing akutali a rover ndipo zidasankhidwa kuti zithandizire kukwaniritsa zolinga za mishoniyo kuti afufuze umboni wa moyo wakale.

Kodi tiphunzira chiyani za Mars chaka chamawa? Kodi ku Mars kunali zamoyo ndipo kunali ku Jezero crater?

Sitikudziwabe. Koma ndife okondwa kudziwa.

USGS idayamba kupanga mapu a zinthu mumlengalenga m'zaka za m'ma 1960 pamene ikukonzekera ma astronaut kuti apite ku Apollo. Kalelo chinthu chofunika kwambiri chinali Mwezi. Kuyesa kujambula mapulaneti ena kunayamba cha m'ma 1970. Ndi Mars makamaka, mamapu oyamba a USGS adatuluka mu 1978 kutengera zithunzi za Mariner 9 mission. Zaka za m'ma 1980 zidabweretsa zithunzi zatsopano komanso mamapu osinthidwa chifukwa cha Viking Orbiter. Koma zopereka zokondweretsa kwambiri za USGS zidabwera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi koyambirira kwa 2000s pomwe zithunzi zabwino za Martian zidalola USGS kuyika malo omwe amatera ku Mars rover. Ntchito ya Mars 2020 ndi mwayi waposachedwa kwambiri womwe USGS idakhala nawo kuti uthandizire kumvetsetsa za Mars ndikuthandizira pakuwunikanso danga.

Kuti mumve zambiri zakuchitapo kanthu kwa USGS mu Perseverance rover mission, pitani ku USGS Astrogeology Science Center. webusaiti.

Kuti mudziwe zaposachedwa kwambiri za ntchitoyi, pitani ku NASA Mars 2020 mission webusaiti.