Kunyenga Vinyo
Vinyo weniweni kapena wodalirika posachedwapa wakhala nkhani ya madola mabiliyoni ambiri m'makampani a vinyo; chifukwa chake, kutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa vinyo musanagule ndikofunikira.
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa msika wa vinyo, malonda a vinyo wachinyengo amatsatira njira yomweyo. Msika wavinyo udanenedweratu kuti udzakhala $418 biliyoni mu 2020, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 20% ya vinyo onse omwe amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi zabodza.
Lingaliro la vinyo wosokoneza kapena wodetsedwa sizinthu zaposachedwa; imabwereranso ku chiyambi cha vinyo ndi zolemba zosonyeza kuti zinayambira nthawi zakale. Zochitika zoyamba za chigololo cha vinyo kapena zachinyengo amakhulupirira kuti zidachitika ku Roma wakale. Akuluakulu a boma la Roma anazindikira nkhani ya chinyengo cha vinyo koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2 BCE. Panthawi imeneyi, amalonda osakhulupirika amathira vinyo ndi madzi, amasakaniza vinyo wosasa bwino ndi wamtengo wapatali, kapena ankagwiritsa ntchito zina kuti aphimbe vinyo wosabala bwino.
Limodzi mwa malamulo odziwika bwino othana ndi chinyengo cha vinyo linakhazikitsidwa mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Domitian (81-96 CE). Iye anapereka malamulo oletsa kubzala minda ya mpesa ndi kupanga vinyo, n’cholinga choti asamachite zachinyengo komanso kuti asamachite zachinyengo.
Ponseponse, kupanga vinyo wabodza kwakhala nkhawa kwazaka zambiri.
Motsogozedwa ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso wofunika wa vinyo wabwino, izi zachititsa kuti kubadwa kwa ntchito yatsopano, ndipo "Dokotala wa Vinyo" ali ndi udindo wofufuza vinyo kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi oona.
Opanga Vinyo: Rudy Kurniawan ndi Hardy Rodenstock
Rudy Kurniawan, wochokera ku Indonesia, adadziŵika bwino chifukwa chochititsa maphwando opambanitsa komanso zokometsera zokhala ndi mavinyo osowa kwambiri komanso osowa. Pakati pa 2001 ndi 2006, mtengo wa vinyo wakale udakwera ndi 62%, ndipo malonda ogulitsira padziko lonse lapansi adakwera kuchoka pa $90 mpaka $300 miliyoni. Kutsatira kafukufuku wa FBI (2012), zidawululidwa kuti Kurniawan wakhala akupanga vinyo wabodza mnyumba mwake, akuphatikiza vinyo wotchipa ndi akale, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti apange mavinyo okopa. Anamangidwa ndipo pambuyo pake anapezeka ndi milandu yambiri yachinyengo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 10. Atamasulidwa ndikuthamangitsidwa ku Asia, Kurniawan adasintha kukhala osakaniza vinyo wovomerezeka, ponena kuti amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo.
Hardy Rodenstock ndi munthu wina wodziwika bwino "wodziwika" wopeka vinyo. Hardy anali wokonda kwambiri vinyo, wokhazikika pamabotolo omwe anali akale komanso osowa kwambiri kuposa osowa. Ankanenedwa kuti anali ndi chidziŵitso champhamvu chauzimu cha kununkhiza vinyo wakale ndi wachilendo kwambiri ndi kuchita maphwando apamwamba olawa vinyo okhala ndi vinyo ameneŵa. Adachita nawo milandu yayikulu yogulitsa mabotolo avinyo omwe amati ndi achinyengo, kuphatikiza mavinyo omwe amati ndi osowa kwambiri omwe amatolera vinyo wa Thomas Jefferson. Mikangano iyi idadzetsa mikangano yayikulu komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwalamulo pakati pagulu la vinyo, koma Rodenstock mwiniwakeyo sanapatsidwe mlandu uliwonse wokhudzana ndi izi.
Kieren Lau, wamalonda wa vinyo waku Britain, adalandira chigamulo cha miyezi 17 m'ndende mu 2018 chifukwa chochita nawo ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya vinyo wabodza. Lau adatenga nawo gawo pakugulitsa vinyo wachinyengo, omwe makamaka adaphatikizanso makope abodza amtundu wina wotchuka komanso wofunidwa kwambiri wa Bordeaux. Mavinyo achinyengowa amapangidwa mwaluso kuti afanane ndi mavinyo enieni apamwamba a Bordeaux, onyenga ogula ndi osonkhanitsa. Zochita zake sizinangobera anthu ogula komanso zikhoza kuwononga mbiri ya opanga vinyo amene zilembo zawo zinalembedwa molakwika.
Super Sleuth: Sherlock Holmes wa Vinyo
Maureen Downey, yemwe adaphwanya mlandu wa Rudy Kurniawan, ndi wofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga vinyo chifukwa chaukadaulo wake pakutsimikizira vinyo komanso kuyesetsa kuthana ndi chinyengo cha vinyo.
Downey apeza kuti malonda avinyo abodza amawononga pafupifupi $3 biliyoni pachaka. Kurniawan yekha anawonongera makampani pafupifupi $550 miliyoni. Monga otsogola pakukula kwa vinyo ndi kutsimikizika, Downey watenga gawo lofunikira pakuzindikiritsa vinyo wabodza komanso kuwulula zachinyengo pamsika wavinyo. Ntchito yake yathandiza kuteteza ogula, osonkhanitsa, ndi kukhulupirika kwa makampani a vinyo lonse.
Zopereka za Downey zakulitsa kuzindikira za kufalikira kwa chinyengo cha vinyo komanso kufunikira kwa njira zotsimikizira zotsimikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, zidziwitso zake ndi chitsogozo chake zathandiza kwambiri kutsogolera otolera ndi akatswiri amakampani popanga zisankho zanzeru pakugula ndi kugulitsa vinyo. Ponseponse, momwe Maureen Downey amakhudzira dziko la vinyo zimatsimikizira kufunika kwa kutsimikizika ndi kuwonekera posunga kukhulupirika kwa malonda avinyo. Amapanga bizinesi yake powona vinyo wosamvetseka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amathandiza otolera kugula mabotolo abwino.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Nkhani yakulemba, kuphatikiza zithunzi, sizingatengeredwe popanda chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kwa wolemba.
Ili ndi gawo 2 la magawo atatu.
Werengani Gawo 1 Pano: Zigawenga Zimayang'ana Mavinyo ndi Minda Yamphesa
