Nkhondo, Madzi ndi Mtendere: Kuyitana kodzutsa zokopa alendo ndi media

Kukonzekera Kwazokha
Madzi okongola ku Bhutan - chithunzi © Rita Payne

Kusintha kwa madzi ndi nyengo ndi zina mwa nkhondo ndi mtendere. Ntchito zokopa alendo ngati gawo lamtendere zili ndi gawo lake. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe mayiko amapita kunkhondo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndimakangano andawo. Pali, komabe, chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe sichimakopa chidwi chofananira - izi ndizotheka kukangana pamadzi.

Zotsatira za Kusintha kwanyengo kumabweretsa mpikisano wowopsa chifukwa kuchepa kwa madzi abwino padziko lonse lapansi kukuwopseza kuti mikangano yayikulu ikuchitika modetsa nkhawa.

Pokhumudwitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa kufalitsa nkhani zakulumikizana pakati pa madzi ndi mtendere, gulu loganiza padziko lonse lapansi, Strategic Foresight Group (SFG), lasonkhanitsa atolankhani komanso opanga malingaliro padziko lonse lapansi kumsonkhano ku Kathmandu mu Seputembala kuti awunikire nkhaniyi. Ophunzira ochokera ku Europe, Central America, Middle East, Africa, ndi Asia adapita ku International Media Workshop - Zovuta Padziko Lonse Zamadzi ndi Mtendere. Wokamba nkhani aliyense amafotokoza zowerengera, ziwerengero, ndi zitsanzo za momwe madera awo adakhudzidwira mwachindunji ndi zoopsa zomwe zikubwera mtsogolo.

Purezidenti wa Strategic Foresight Group (SFG), a Sundeep Waslekar, akunena kuti mayiko awiri aliwonse omwe akuchita mgwirizano wamadzi samapita kunkhondo. Anatinso chifukwa chake SFG idakonza msonkhano wa Kathmandu kuti adziwitse atolankhani apadziko lonse zamalumikizidwe apakati pamadzi, mtendere, ndi chitetezo. “Ngozi yayikulu yomwe titha kuwona mzaka zingapo zikubwerazi ndikuti ngati zigawenga zitenga gawo la zina mwazinthu zopezeka m'madzi ndi zina mwa zomangamanga. Tidawona momwe mzaka zitatu zapitazi, ISIS idatenga ulamuliro pa Dambo la Tabqa ku Syria, ndipo ndiye mphamvu yawo yayikulu yopulumutsira ISIS; asanafike a Taliban aku Afghanistan anali atachita izi. Tikuwona kuthekera kwa nkhondo ku Ukraine, ndipo kumeneko, kuwomberanso kwa malo opangira madzi ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake madzi ndiye chimake cha uchigawenga watsopano ndi mikangano yatsopano, "adatero Waslekar.

Kusintha chikhalidwe cha atolankhani

Msonkhanowo udawunika momwe kufalikira kwazinthu zachilengedwe kumakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa atolankhani masiku ano. Mavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi achititsa kuti nyumba zambiri zofalitsa nkhani zizimitse madesiki awo azachilengedwe. Zipinda zanyuzipepala zilibe zinthu zofotokozera za chilengedwe ndi madzi. Nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi madzi zimakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri pa nkhani zokopa monga ma tsunami ndi zivomerezi komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumabweretsa. Izi zadzetsa mwayi pakufotokoza zachilengedwe zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimadzazidwa ndi atolankhani odziyimira pawokha. Atolankhaniwa ayamba kupanganso njira zamabizinesi pofotokoza zochitika zachilengedwe ndipo adalimbana ndi kutopa komwe kumadza chifukwa chonena zakusintha kwanyengo chifukwa chokhazikika pamitu ina. Kugwira ntchito pawokha, atolankhaniwa ndi omasuka kuyendera malo ndikukumana ndi anthu zomwe zikadakhala zovuta kuchita ngati akanapereka malipoti pazinthu zina zambiri.

Zovuta zomwe freelancers amakumana nazo

Vuto lalikulu lomwe lidatuluka pamsonkhanowu ndikuti kuti athe kukambirana za madzi ngati nkhani yodziyimira payokha, ambiri ogwira ntchito mwaufulu amadzimva kuti akuyenera kuyamba kuyang'ana kwambiri zachilengedwe asanalowerere nkhani zokhudzana ndi madzi. Kuchokera pazowonera pazaka zingapo zapitazi, ziwopsezo ndi masoka okhudzana ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha mwachilengedwe zidapatsidwa malo ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zochepa zokopa chidwi monga kuchepa kwa madzi amchere monga mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Ndalama zimakhalabe vuto lalikulu pomwe nyumba zofalitsa nkhani zimachepetsa kulipira ntchito zakunja. Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe kuti mufotokozere nkhani zakomweko ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kungakhalenso kovuta. Atolankhani, zingwe, ndi iwo omwe amawathandiza monga okonza ndi otanthauzira omwe amafotokoza za ntchito zokhudzana ndi madzi atha kupeza kuti miyoyo yawo ikuwopsezedwa ndi maphwando omwe ali ndi zofuna zawo monga magulu azipani komanso omwe siaboma. Zingwe zingathenso kukhala pansi pazovuta zandale ndipo miyoyo yawo ili pachiwopsezo ngati akudziwika. Zotsatira zake, ma freelancers nthawi zonse sangathe kudalira kwathunthu nkhani zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku zingwe.

M'mayiko ambiri, madzi ndi nkhani yokonda dziko, ndipo izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zina kwa atolankhani odziyimira pawokha omwe sangakhale ndi bungwe lalikulu lofalitsa nkhani kumbuyo kwawo. M'mayiko ena omwe akutukuka, boma limasokoneza boma pakufotokoza za madzi osavomerezeka; atolankhani amauzidwa zoyenera kufunsa komanso zomwe ayenera kusiya. Palinso chiwopsezo chamilandu chomwe chingaperekedwe kwa atolankhani omwe amafotokoza zachilengedwe komanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi madzi. Mwachitsanzo, mtolankhani wina atatenga zithunzi za kuwonongeka kwa madzi mumtsinje wa Litani kumwera kwa Lebanon, anamusumira mlandu chifukwa zithunzi zoterezi "zikuopseza" zokopa alendo.

Nkhani zapaintaneti zikuchulukirachulukira, ndemanga za vitriolic pa intaneti ndizovuta zina zomwe atolankhani amakumana nazo. Utolankhani wa Citizen umapanga zabwino zake komanso zoyipa zake kwaomwe amadzichitira pawokha komanso atolankhani; Zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa kwaomwe amachita nthawi zonse omwe amalumikizana ndi zingwe kuti afotokozere zinthu pomwe, nthawi yomweyo, chitha kukhala chida chothandizira kulumikizana ndi magwero akumaloko.

Kulongosola kothandiza

Ophunzirawo onse adagwirizana kuti atolankhani atha kukhala chida chofunikira pakusintha. Kukula kwa ukadaulo watsopano komanso makanema azama media zathandiza kuti nkhani zizikhala zolimba. Popeza madzi ndi nkhani yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tifotokozere nkhani zokhudzana ndi magwero amadzi mwamaganizidwe, ndipo panali kuyitanidwa kuti kulingaliridwenso pachitsanzo chofotokozera nkhani. Panali kuzindikira kuti kuphatikiza kwamawu, makanema, mawu, ndi zithunzi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhani ikhale yomveka komanso yokopa. Mosalephera, ndikuda nkhawa ndi nkhani zabodza, akuti njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi izi ndi kudzera mu "kuyankha" utolankhani. Kufotokozera zomwe zimapangitsa utolankhani kukhala "woyankha" kapena wodalirika kumatha kukhala malo okwera mabomba omwe amafunsa mafunso okhudza yemwe angasankhe zomwe zikuyankhidwa.

Tidavomereza kuti madzi ayamba kulamulira nkhani, makamaka zaubwino wamadzi ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Atolankhani omwe adapezeka pamsonkhanowu adalankhula zakufunika kotulutsa mawonekedwe amunthu kuti anene nkhani yosangalatsa. Nkhani zofotokozedwa m'zilankhulo ndi zilankhulo zakomweko komanso kuphatikizira kuchezerako tsambali zimasiya chidwi cha owerenga. Ndikofunikanso kuti mtolankhani sakhala yekhayekha pankhani yakufotokozera; chipinda chofalitsa nkhani chonse chiyenera kutengapo gawo kuphatikiza akonzi, ojambula zithunzi, ndi ena. Ndikofunikanso kuti atolankhani azikhala ndi malingaliro osiyana-siyana pamalingaliro ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi madzi polumikizana ndi akatswiri andale, opanga madzi, opanga mfundo, ndi akatswiri.

Panali mgwirizano wamba kuti mukafotokoza pamadzi, zithunzi zitha kufotokoza zambiri kuposa mawu. Chitsanzo chimodzi chomwe chidatchulidwa chinali chithunzi chododometsa komanso chodabwitsa cha mwana wazaka 3 waku Syria yemwe thupi lake lidasambalala pagombe ku Turkey. Chithunzichi chikuwonekera pazofalitsa padziko lonse lapansi chikuwonetseratu zowopsa zomwe omwe akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino amakumana nazo. Adanenanso kuti njira yothandizirana ingakhale pakupanga tsamba lapaintaneti lomwe lingathandize omwe atenga nawo mbali kutumiza ma audio, makanema, ndi zida zina zama media kuti zithandizire komanso kupitiliza zochitika zomwe zachitika pamsonkhanowu. Kupeza njira zongopeka zonena za madzi kudzakhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri pofalitsa kuzindikira za zoopsa zomwe zimabwera chifukwa chakuchepa kwazinthu.

Zochitika Kumadera Osiyana

Nkhani zamadzi ndizosiyana ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu kudera lopezeka ndi madzi. Kunena za madzi ndi zachilengedwe zitha kukhalanso zoopsa kwa atolankhani. Mwachitsanzo, ku Nepal, ngati atolankhani atafotokoza zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha migodi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe, nthawi yomweyo amatchedwa kuti "odana ndi chitukuko." Zomwe zidakambidwanso za chidwi cha China pakupanga zomangamanga m'maiko osiyanasiyana akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kuphatikiza madamu a Indus, malo opangira magetsi ku Bangladesh, ndi doko ku Sri Lanka. Nkhani zokhudzana ndi madzi ku Africa zimangiriridwa pamitu yokhudza kulanda nthaka ndi kupeza nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, chomwe chimayambitsa mikangano ku Ethiopia ndichakuti makampani amapeza malo pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Tana ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ake kulima maluwa omwe amatumizidwa ku Europe ndi mayiko ena. Izi zimachotsa madera akumidzi chuma chofunikira. Mayiko aku Latin America ali ndi mavuto awo apadera.

Vuto lina lomwe likukula ndi kusamuka kwa anthu chifukwa chakusowa kwa madzi komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito zamakampani. Mexico City imamira ndi masentimita 15 chaka chilichonse, ndipo kusamutsidwa kwa anthu akumaloko kumachitika pafupipafupi mumawailesi. Kusamukira kumeneku kudzakula kwambiri m'khonde louma la Honduras, Nicaragua, ndi Guatemala. Ntchito yayikulu yachuma mumtsinje wa Amazon womwe umadutsa malire ndi migodi yomwe imatulutsa mankhwala a mercury ndi mankhwala ena owopsa m'madzi a Amazon. Anthu achikhalidwe omwe amakhala kufupi ndi madera amenewa amavutika kwambiri. Chowonadi chovuta ndichakuti popeza mpweya ndi madzi zilibe malire, maderawa amavutika ndi kuipitsidwa ngakhale samakhala mwachindunji m'malo okhudzidwa.

Ku Middle East, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamadzi ndi anthu omwe siaboma omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo kuphatikiza zovuta zandale m'derali zimangothandiza kulimbikitsa gawo lamadzi ochulukitsa mkangano. Pofuna kupeza malo olimba m'derali, ISIS idalanda madamu angapo m'derali monga Tabqa, Mosul, ndi Hadida. Ku Lebanon, Litani River Authority idasindikiza mapu mu Seputembara 2019, omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akudwala khansa omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Litani ku Bekaa Valley. Mutawuni ina, anthu pafupifupi 600 apezeka ndi khansa.

Mtsinje wa Firate ukuwonekera ngati bwalo lankhondo pakati pa asitikali ankhondo aku Syria, US, ndi asitikali aku Turkey. Yankho lililonse pamavuto aku Syria liyenera kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika mumtsinje wa Firate. Ku US, madzi amawonedwa ngati nkhani yothandizira anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuwukira kwa ISIS, Boko Haram, Al Shabaab, ndi magulu ena ankhondo okhudzana ndi zomangamanga amawonedwa ngati zochitika zankhondo zokhazokha osayang'ana nkhani yakuya momwe madzi amathandizira anthu omwe siaboma.

Madzi ndi Maulalo ake Otetezera

Kudera la Arctic, malo ochulukirapo amchere omwe amapezeka chifukwa chosungunuka kwa ayezi kwadzetsa chisokonezo m'maiko osiyanasiyana akupikisana kuti atenge chuma chamtengo wapatali ichi. Russia ikutsimikizira kale kupezeka kwake m'derali pomanga madoko ndikupeza mafunde oundana okwana 6 anyukiliya. Poyerekeza, United States ili ndi mafunde oundana awiri okha, pomwe m'modzi yekha ndi amene amatha kupyola ayezi wolimba kwambiri. Ma US ndi Russia ayamba kale kuyang'anizana ku Arctic, ndipo mikangano ikuyembekezeka kukulirakulira chifukwa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana am'nyanja kukuwulula zinthu zambiri ndikutsegula njira zanyanja.

Udindo wamadzi pokhudzana ndi magulu ankhondo ndi malo achitetezo ukhala wovuta kwambiri pamene nyanja zikukwera. Maiko ngati United States adzakakamizika kusamutsa kapena kutseka magombe. Chitsanzo pankhaniyi ndi gulu lankhondo laku Norfolk Virginia, gulu lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo ku US, lomwe liyenera kutsekedwa zaka 25 zikubwerazi chifukwa chakukwera kwamadzi. Zikuwoneka kuti US sanaganizire mozama za zotulukapo zakukwera kwamadzi am'nyanja ndipo akhala akusintha mapulani a nthawi yayitali ndi mapulani apakatikati pomanga ma piers. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti funso loti kutsekedwa kwamazindidwe otere lidaliranso pamalingaliro andale. Mwachitsanzo, ku US, Purezidenti Trump wakulitsa bajeti yamabwalo ankhondo ngati amenewa. Mayiko angapo monga France, Japan, China, US, ndi Italy ali ndi malo awo ankhondo ku Djibouti kuti athane ndi kuba komanso kuteteza chidwi cha panyanja.

Mu 2017, Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ku US udatulutsa lipoti lomwe limazindikira kuti madzi ndi gawo lofunikira pachitetezo cha dziko. Ripotilo linalankhula za chitetezo chokhudzana ndi madzi monsemo koma sichinapereke njira yothetsera mavutowa. Ripotilo likuyang'ana kwambiri pamutu womwe udatulutsidwa mu 2014 pankhani imodzimodzi, ndipo izi sizitchula madzi ngati omwe angayambitse mikangano, makamaka m'malo mwa zitsanzo zamadzi ngati nkhani yothandiza anthu.

Zitsanzo zidakambidwanso momwe madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ankhondo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chamtendere. Choyamba, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chokwaniritsira ntchito. Ku Mali, asitikali aku France amafuna madzi okwanira malita 150 patsiku, pa msirikali. Maluso apamwamba komanso ndege zimafunika kunyamula madzi ambiri kudutsa chipululu cha Sahelian. Asitikali aku France amamanganso zitsime ku Mali kuti madzi asagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zotsutsana ndi omwe siaboma. Chovuta ndikuti madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji kusamalira anthu omwe ali pansi kuti apange anthu odziyimira pawokha ndikuwapangitsa kuti asatengeke ndikuwongoleredwa ndi omwe siaboma.

Kachiwiri, sitima zapamadzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamachitidwe ankhondo, ndipo pali kuthekera kuti opanduka atha kugwiritsa ntchito chiwopsezo cha sitima zapamadzi powopseza nyanja yoyandikana nayo.

Chachitatu, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cha zigawenga zomwe zimawombera ndikuwononga magwero amadzi, kuyang'anira mitsinje, komanso zitsime za poizoni kuwopseza anthu. Funso lomwe limabuka munthawi zotere ndi momwe mungapewere madzi kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida pakutsutsana - kodi zitha kuchitika kudzera m'mapangano azokambirana kapena mfundo zaboma?

Chachinayi, madzi amakhalanso pachiwopsezo kwa asitikali ndi makomando omwe akugwira ntchito yankhondo. Sukulu yankhondo yaku France idagwirizana ndi World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti World Wildlife Fund ku US ndi Canada, kuti awonetsetse kuti oyang'anira amaphunzitsidwa momwe angachitire pakuwopsezedwa ndi madzi. Madzi odetsedwa amabweretsa ngozi. Kusiyana pakati pa kuwopseza ndi chiwopsezo ndikuti chiwopsezo chimachitika mwadala pomwe chiwopsezo chimangochitika. Pomaliza, kuwopsezedwa ndi ziwopsezo za cyber ndizowona, makamaka kutsegulidwa kwaposachedwa kwa nkhokwe yomwe inali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza madamu ku US.

Zabwino Zokhudza Civil Society ndi Media

Zinanenedwa kuti kusinthana kwamayiko ena pazokhudzana ndi madzi sikuyenera kukhala kotsutsana komanso atolankhani atha kutengapo gawo pochepetsa mikangano. Kufalitsa nkhani zakugwirizana pansi kungalimbikitse mayiko kupitiliza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pamwambamwamba. Panali zitsanzo zambiri zabwino zakugwirizana kwapansi pakati pa magulu amalire. Pankhani ina ku South Asia, panali mkangano pa kusefukira kwa Mtsinje wa Pandai womwe umadutsana ndi Chitwan National Park ku Nepal ndi Valmiki National Park ku India. Miphika yamadzi yam'madera omwe amakhala kutsidya lina la mtsinjewu adakumana ndikupanga maenje kuti ateteze kusefukira kwamadzi, ndipo awa akugwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi maboma am'deralo.

Chitsanzo china cha mgwirizano wopindulitsa chinali kuthetsa mikangano pakati pa Assam kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India ndi Bhutan. Nthawi zonse kusefukira kwamadzi ku banki yakumpoto ya Brahmaputra ku Assam, mlanduwo udaperekedwa kwa Bhutan nthawi yomweyo. Zinali chifukwa cha anthu akumudziko kuti mauthenga amaperekedwa pa Whatsapp nthawi iliyonse pamene madzi amayenera kumasulidwa kumtunda ndi zotsatira zake kuti sikuti ziweto zimangopulumutsidwa koma anthu okhala kumunsi kwa India amathanso kusamukira ku chitetezo.

Anthu okhala m'malire a Mtsinje wa Karnali, womwe umadutsa ku Nepal ndi India, ayambitsa njira yochenjeza koyambirira kudzera pa WhatsApp kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa mbewu zaulimi. Chochitika china ndi cha Mtsinje wa Koshi womwe wakhala ndi madzi osefukira kuyambira kale. Apa magulu azimayi omwe amadzithandizira amasonkhana kuti asankhe njira zodulira ndikupatsirana zidziwitso madzi osefukira ali pafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, madera omwe ali m'malire a Indo-Bangladesh agwiranso ntchito limodzi kuti akonzenso mitsinje ndi nsomba za Hilsa, zomwe ndi gawo la chakudya chawo. Ngakhale kuti nkhani zabwinozi zafotokozedwa ndi atolankhani akumaloko, izi siziyenera kutengedwa ndi nyumba zazikulu zosindikizira popeza sizimawoneka ngati zosangalatsa. Zofalitsa nkhani zakomweko zachita gawo lofunikira pothandiza magulu azikhalidwe zakomweko kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu okhala kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mitsinje.

Ku Middle East, atolankhani adachita mbali yofunikira pochirikiza Mgwirizano wa Tigris - njira yothandizirana ndikumanga chidaliro pamtsinje wa Tigris pakati pa Iraq ndi Turkey. Izi zidayamba ndikusinthana pakati pa akatswiri ndipo pamapeto pake adachita atsogoleri andale ndi oyimira boma. Kampaniyi imayendetsedwa ndi Strategic Foresight Group ndi Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

Zomwe tikuphunzira ku Nepal

Kuchokera mu 2015, Nepal yatenga gawo la boma ndipo ili kale ndi mikangano pakati pa zigawo chifukwa chamadzi. Vuto lalikulu ku Nepal ndikugona pakakhala mikangano yamkati yokhudzana ndi madzi. Nepal ndi amodzi mwamayiko oyamba kukhazikitsa wailesi yakumidzi yomwe imafotokoza za madera onse kuphatikiza madzi komanso kutchuka kwambiri. Ngakhale nkhani zamadzi zomwe zimadutsa kumalire zimakopa chidwi cha atolankhani, funso lofunika kwambiri pazomwe zimachitika ndimadzi pamiyeso yaying'ono limanyalanyazidwa.

Chowonadi ndichakuti zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza madzi, zilibe malire. Kusintha kwanyengo kokha sikuyenera kunenedwa chifukwa chakutha madzi padziko lonse lapansi; Tiyeneranso kuganizira gawo lomwe lidaseweredwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo molakwika, kusintha kwakusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kusamuka, ndi zina zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale mfundo zosayenera kapena zolakwika zothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe omwe alipo. Strategic Foresight Group imanenanso kuti tili pa nthawi yomwe utolankhani ungatenge gawo lalikulu pothandiza omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikuthandizira kuteteza mayiko kuti asamenye nkhondo ndi madzi.

Wina sangathenso kutenga madzi mopepuka, ndipo pokhapokha ngati dziko lapansi lingakhale pansi ndikuzindikira, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti mtsogolomo, mayiko adzayamba kumenya nkhondo pamene mpikisano wazinthu zamtengo wapataliwu umakulirakulira kwambiri komanso wosimidwa. Atolankhani atha kutengapo gawo lofunikira pochenjeza dziko lapansi zavuto lomwe tikukumana nalo pamadzi.

Madzi ndi Mtendere: Kudzutsidwa kwa media ndi zokopa alendo

Kathmandu Workshop - mwachilolezo cha SFG

Madzi ndi Mtendere: Kudzutsidwa kwa media ndi zokopa alendo

Msonkhano - mwachilolezo cha SFG

Madzi ndi Mtendere: Kudzutsidwa kwa media ndi zokopa alendo

Ophunzira a Kathmandu Workshop - mwachilolezo cha SFG

Ponena za wolemba

Avatar ya Rita Payne - yapadera kwa eTN

Rita Payne - wapadera ku eTN

Rita Payne ndi Purezidenti Emeritus wa Commonwealth Journalists Association.

Gawani ku...