PANAJI, India - Dziko la India la Goa lakumana ndi zopinga zingapo m'miyezi 18 yapitayi, kuphatikizapo umbanda wodziwika bwino komanso zotsatirapo za zigawenga zachisilamu zomwe zidachitika pagombe la Mumbai.
Koma nthawi yatchuthi iliyonse, chiwopsezo chachikulu ku malonda a alendo chimayamba - kukokoloka kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe kumabweretsa mantha kuti magombe ena amchenga oyera omwe anali m'dera la Portugal atha kutha.
Msonkhano wa ku Goa unamva mwezi watha kuti oposa 10 peresenti ya gombe la makilomita 105 (65-mile) akugwera m'nyanja, kuphatikizapo gombe lomwe lili pafupi ndi nyumba ya bwanamkubwa wa boma Raj Bhavan.
"Zigawo zonse za 21 zakhudzidwa. Amayenda makilomita 11.22 m’mphepete mwa nyanja,” nduna ya zamadzi ku Goa, Filipe Neri Rodrigues, anauza nyumba yamalamulo ya boma.
Magombe awiri akuluakulu - Colva, kumwera kwa Goa, ndi Coco Beach, kumpoto - akulimbikitsidwa ndi zotchinga zosinthika zotchedwa "geotubes" zomwe zimalepheretsa nthaka kukokoloka, adatero Rodrigues.
Magombe ena kumene ntchito ikufunika ndi monga Calangute, Baga, Sinquerim, Candolim ndi Palolem, omwe amakopa alendo ambiri a 2.4 miliyoni ochokera ku India ndi kunja kwa dziko omwe amapita ku Goa chaka chilichonse.
"Kukokoloka kwa nyanja m'zaka zapitazi kwakula kwambiri, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chachikulu osati pamphepete mwa nyanja komanso miyoyo ya anthu," idatero dipatimenti ya Rodrigues patsamba lawo.
Kwa malo ambiri oyendera alendo oyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Goa, vutoli likhoza kuwononga anthu omwe alibe chitetezo kale.
Nyengo yapitayi ya alendo, bizinesi idatsika kwambiri pambuyo pa kugwiriridwa kofala komanso imfa yosathetsedwa ya msungwana wazaka 15 waku Britain mu February 2008.
Kufufuza kwa imfa ya Scarlett Keeling, yemwe thupi lake lomenyedwa linapezeka pamphepete mwa nyanja, lidawonetsa mdima wamdima wa Goa wokhazikika ndipo zinachititsa kuti apolisi awononge mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Alendo ambiri adakhalanso kutali pambuyo poti zigawenga zidapha anthu 166 ku Mumbai mu Novembala chaka chatha, pomwe ziletso zidayikidwa pamaphwando apanyanja a Khrisimasi ndi Chaka Chatsopano ku Goa chifukwa chachitetezo.
"Ngati titaya magombe chifukwa chakukokoloka kwa nthaka, zokopa alendo zidzakhudzidwa mwachilengedwe," atero Cruz Cardoso, wabizinesi wakumaloko yemwe amayang'anira Goa Shack Owners Association.
Kusefukira kwa madzi chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa gombe kudakhudza kale malonda m'magombe ena, adawonjezera.
Bungwe loona za alendo m'boma lawonetsa nkhawa ndipo lati likugwira ntchito ndi asayansi kukwera magombe kuti asatayike ku Nyanja ya Arabia.
"Ife tikuzitenga mozama kwambiri chifukwa tikumvetsa kufunika kwa magombe kwa ife," Lyndon Monteiro, wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa Goa Tourism Development Corporation, adauza AFP.
"Tikuchita chilichonse chomwe tingathe kuti magombe athu atetezedwe ku mkwiyo wa chilengedwe… Tikukhulupirira kuti titha kuthana ndi vutoli ndipo anthu akudziwa. Amadziwa kuti tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso moyenera. ”
Vuto la Goa likukumana ndi madera ambiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa kutentha kwa dziko kumakhudza madzi a m'nyanja, mphamvu ya mkuntho ndi mafunde a m'nyanja.
Monteiro adavomerezanso kuti chitukuko chachisawawa komanso chosaloledwa kuyambira pomwe zokopa alendo zidayamba ku Goa kuyambira masiku a hippie chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 komanso koyambirira kwa 1970 zawonjezera mavuto ake.
Akatswiri a zachilengedwe anena kuti kuwonongeka kwa mitengo ya mangrove ndi ziwaya zamchere, kuphatikizapo migodi ya mchenga ndi kumanga ntchito zokopa alendo kwawonjezera mavuto.
Bungwe la UN la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lachenjeza kuti kukokoloka kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kungathe kuchotsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri komanso malo ambiri abwino, monga Maldives ku Indian Ocean, akhoza kuchotsedwa pamapu oyendera alendo.
Ku India, pafupifupi makilomita 1,500 kapena 26 peresenti ya gombe lalikulu akukumana ndi "kukokoloka kwakukulu" ndipo "akubwerera mwachangu", malinga ndi Asia Development Bank.
Bungwe lochokera ku Manila pakali pano likupereka thandizo laukadaulo pantchito yoteteza ndi kuyang'anira magombe okwana madola 1.2 miliyoni m'maboma atatu m'mphepete mwa gombe lakumadzulo kwa India, kuphatikiza Goa.
