Monga malo oyendera alendo, Federal Reserve ndiyofunika kulemera kwake mu golide

Msika wamasheya unali pakati pa gyration ina yochititsa chidwi - kupitirira mfundo za 500 tsiku limodzi atatsika kuposa 400 - ndipo Purezidenti Bush adabwera kudzayesa kukhazika mtima pansi Wall Street, ndikulimbikitsa atsogoleri a dziko kuti asayambe kulamulira misika yaulere. Mavuto azachuma adawoneka m'chigawo chonse chazachuma cha Manhattan, komabe mkhalidwe mkati mwa Federal Reserve Bank ku New York unali bata mowopsa, ngati tchalitchi.

Zinali zoyenerera, chifukwa ndalama zimalambiridwa ku Fed, monga momwe banki yaikulu imadziŵikira, ndipo ulendo wopita kubanki yaikulu ya dzikolo umamva ngati ulendo wopita ku tchalitchi chachikulu cha capitalism. Kumene matupi a oyera mtima akadagona, manda aku banki amadzaza ndi pafupifupi $180 biliyoni m'mipiringidzo yagolide - zitsulo zachikasu zambiri kuposa zomwe zimayikidwa ku Ft. Knox, ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a zinthu zonse padziko lapansi.

Pamene malo oyendera alendo ku New York amapita, malo odziwika bwino a Liberty Street amakopa alendo ochepa ku malo otchuka kwambiri amzindawu. Koma banki imagwira gawo lofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku: Fed imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zandalama ndipo, m'malo ogulitsira malonda a nyumbayi ku New York, imasamalira mabiliyoni a ngongole zaboma la US. Zonse ndi gawo la momwe boma likuyesera kupulumutsa chuma, makamaka pochepetsa chiwongola dzanja.

Ulendo waulere wa banki, wamphindi 30 sikukusiyani kuti mumvetse bwino zofunikira za nkhokwe ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zenizeni ndi zomwe zimatchedwa gross home. Komabe mudzasiya kudziwa zambiri za ndalama kuposa momwe mudalowa, ndipo zina zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuposa kalasi yanu yachuma yaku koleji.

Chinthu choyamba chimene mumapeza pamene mukuyembekezera ulendo wotsogoleredwa ndizomwe zimaoneka ngati golide wosatetezedwa, ndikuzungulira pang'onopang'ono ndi mawu akuti, "Dzithandizeni nokha!"

Koma balalo limasanduka hologram, dzanja lanu likudutsamo ngati chifunga. Ngakhale ulendo wotsogoleredwa ndi wovuta komanso wokhwima (mumalangizidwa kuti musajambule zithunzi kapena zolemba paulendo wopita kumalo osungiramo golide pansi pa nthaka), zowonetsera mu chipinda cholandirira alendo - bwalo lochititsa chidwi lomwe limakongoletsedwa ndi matani 200 a wojambula Samuel Yellin. zitsulo zopangidwa mwaluso - ndizosangalatsa modabwitsa, ngakhale zili zophunzitsa.

Ndalama zamabanki zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito sizikuwotchedwanso (sizili zobiriwira kutumizira utsi wobiriwira) koma zimang'ambika, ndipo pali $48 miliyoni m'mabilu odulidwa a $100 pachiwonetsero chimodzi, gawo la $105 miliyoni mu ndalama zamapepala zomwe zimadulidwa tsiku lililonse.

Osati kutali kwambiri, malo owonetsera zachinyengo akuwonetsa zabodza zabwino kwambiri; Pokhapokha ndi galasi lokulirapo lomwe limadutsa pamabilu enieni ndi a ersatz (pamodzi ndi zolozera zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana pachiwonetsero) mutha kuwona wonyengayo $5, $10 ndi $20.

Bungwe la American Numismatic Society labwereketsa kubanki mazana a ndalama zosowa ndi ndalama kuti ziwonetse mbiri yandalama, zotsatiridwa ndi nthawi ndi dera. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo sekeli la 109 BC, lofanana ndi ndalama 30 zasiliva zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa Yudasi kuti amangidwe Yesu, komanso ndalama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri yomwe inagulitsidwapo, Mphungu Yawiri ya 1933 yomwe inagula pafupifupi $8 miliyoni pa malonda aposachedwapa.

Fed yaku New York ndi imodzi mwamabanki khumi ndi awiri osungira omwe amapanga banki yayikulu ya dzikolo, ndipo maulendo ena onse olandirira alendo amafotokoza mbiri yawo ndi udindo wawo. Kamodzi kosungirako macheke ndi malo ogulitsira mabilu a Treasury, Reserve Banks, pakati pa maudindo ena apano, kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera mabanki aboma ndi nthambi zamabanki akunja.

Zowonetseratu zapamwamba za banki ndizokambirana. Yabwino kwambiri imatchedwa “Match Wits With Ben” (monga ku Franklin), masewera apakompyuta omwe kudziwa kwanu zandalama kumayesedwa ndi wotchi. Pali mafunso asanu ndi awiri okha, koma mutha kuphonya pafupifupi theka la iwo pokhapokha mutalota za matebulo akutulo. Zitsanzo: Ndi bungwe liti lomwe dziko la United States lidapanga mu 1865 kuti liletse anthu achinyengo? Yankho: Secret Service.

Pambuyo pa zigawenga za Sept. 11 (malo a World Trade Center ndi malo ochepa chabe kumadzulo), ulendo wa Fed unathetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa malonda a banki, ndikupangitsa ulendo wopita ku chipinda cha golidi kukhala pakati pa ulendo wake wotsogoleredwa.

Ophunzira khumi ndi awiri a MBA anali m'gulu langa akuyenda nsanjika zisanu m'munsi mwa msewu kuti akawone chipindacho, ndipo anatsala pang'ono kukomoka ataona mipiringidzo yonse yagolide (iliyonse imakhala pafupifupi $320,000) itayikidwa bwino padenga.

Maperesenti makumi asanu ndi anayi a golidi ndi a mayiko akunja, omwe amasungidwa m'maselo ang'onoang'ono a Fed kuti asungidwe bwino. Njerwazo ndi zolemera kwambiri (pafupifupi mapaundi 28 iliyonse) mwakuti ogwira ntchito m'chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale amavala nsapato za magnesiamu $500 kuti apewe ma metatarsal osweka, ndipo pansi pa konkire pamakhala mipiringidzo yomwe idagwa.

Ulendowu ukangotha, alendo amapatsidwa kachikwama kakang'ono kaulere ka mabilu ophwanyika. Ndi chikumbutso choseketsa cha chimodzi mwazochita za banki, koma chodetsa nkhawa - ngakhale mwangozi - chikumbutso cha momwe chuma chilili.