Dar ikukonzekera kuwulula mapazi akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa alendo

Arusha, Tanzania (eTN) - Boma lalengeza za dongosolo lawo lovumbulutsanso malo akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe aikidwa m'manda ku Laitole kumpoto kwa Tanzania pofuna kuteteza ndi ntchito zokopa alendo.

Zomwe zinadziwika ndi Dr. Mary Leakey mu 1978, mayendedwe a 23 mamita a mapazi pa malo a Laetole anali mu 1995 ataphimbidwa ndi chitetezo chokhazikika pambuyo poti ayamba kuwonongeka ndi kuwonekera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo njanji zazaka 3.6 miliyoni sizinatsegulidwe kwa alendo pafupifupi 400,000 pachaka omwe amayendera malo a Laitole m'dera la Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

Pofotokoza za zaka 50 za kupezeka kwa chigaza cha munthu woyambirira, yemwe akukhulupirira kuti ndi chakale kwambiri m’mbiri ya zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi, Wachiwiri kwa nduna yowona za zachilengedwe ndi zokopa alendo Ezekiel Maige adati theka la misewu 14 yakale kwambiri ya anthu ipezeka m’magawo awiri. zaka nthawi.

"Asayansi pano akufufuza momwe mapazi a munthu angavumbulutsidwe ndi kusungidwa bwino," adatero Maige Lachinayi atangoyambitsa mwambo wa 50th Golden Anniversaries of Zinjanthropus Discovery ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo awiri otchuka oyendera alendo ku Africa, Serengeti National Park ndi Ngorongoro Conservation Area. .

Poyankha funso lomwe mtolankhaniyu Maige adafunsa, Maige adati ntchito yayikulu yovumbulutsa mapazi itenga nthawi chifukwa ndi dongosolo lalikulu lomwe limakhudza maphunziro asayansi komanso ndalama zokwana mabiliyoni ambiri.

Pothirirapo ndemanga, mkulu wa nthambi yowona za zinthu zakale ku Tanzania, bungwe loyang'anira malo a Laetoli, Donatius Kamamba adati adalumikizana ndi wasayansi wakumaloko kuti aphunzire ndikubwera ndi "mapu" kuti avumbulutse mapazi. "Mapu amsewu asayansi adzaphatikiza zonse zofunika kuti mapazi awululidwe motetezeka, njira zabwino zowasungira komanso zomwe zingawononge ndalama" Dr. Kamamba anafotokoza.

Purezidenti Jakaya Kikwete, yemwe posachedwapa wakhala mlendo wokhazikika ku Ngorongoro Conservation Area, sanasangalalepo ndi kuikidwanso kwa mapazi ndipo adalamula akuluakulu kuti afufuze njira zakale kwambiri za anthu chifukwa cha zokopa alendo.

"Pulezidenti Kikwete sanapeze zomveka kuti apitirize kufalitsa malo okopa alendowa. Adalamula kuti njanji zivumbuluke kuti alendo athu okondedwa apindule, "wothandizira woteteza Antiquities, Godfrey Ole Moita, adauza Guardian chaka chatha.

Wogwirizira wamkulu wa bungwe la NCAA Bernard Murunya agwirizana ndi zomwe mtsogoleri wa dziko lino adanena povumbulutsa mapazi. "Ndimagwirizana ndi Purezidenti wathu Kikwete kuti ngati mapazi atsegulidwa, adzakhalanso malo okopa alendo komanso alendo ambiri azidzawona njanji," adatero Murunya.

Kulengeza kwa boma kuti atsegule malowa atha kuwona chiyambi chakumapeto kwa mkangano wokhudza momwe angatetezere bwino nyimbo zazaka 3.6 miliyoni.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri akhala akuwonetsa kuopa kusungidwa kwa mapazi akale a anthu, ponena kuti nyengo yayamba kusokoneza chitetezocho, ndikuwonjezera nkhawa kuti zolemba zomwe zasungidwa mu phulusa lamapiri zitha kuvulazidwa ndi kukokoloka, ziweto kapena anthu.

Izi zapangitsa katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Tanzania a Charles Musiba kuti apemphe kuti akhazikitsidwe nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale zowonetsera ndikuwonetsa mbiri yakale.

Koma akatswiri odziwa za chikhalidwe cha anthu akunja amakayikira lingaliro limeneli - monga momwe anachitira pamene njanji zidatsekedwa - chifukwa Laetoli ndi ulendo wa maola angapo kulowa m'dera la Ngorongoro Conservation Area, zomwe zimapangitsa kulondera ndi kusamalira malo aliwonse kukhala kovuta kwambiri.

Musiba adapereka malingaliro ake okhudza nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale posachedwa pa International Symposium on the Conservation and Application of Hominid Footprints, ku South Korea. Malinga ndi iye, Tanzania pakadali pano ili ndi mphamvu zasayansi komanso ndalama zomanga ndi kuyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. “Ndikuona kuti ndiyenera kuyitulutsa nkhaniyi,” adatero Musiba. "Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikuwonetsa kuti chitetezo ndi chakanthawi. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yokonzedwa bwino ingakhale mbali ya ulendo wopita kwa alendo odzaona malo. "

Koma lingaliro ili lidadetsa nkhawa ofufuza ena monga anthropologist Tim White wa University of California, Berkeley, ndi Terry Harrison ku New York University. Ali m'gulu la gulu lomwe limakonda kudula njira yonse kuchokera kumapiri a Satman, ndikuyiyika mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mumzinda wa Tanzania, mwina Dar-es-Salaam kapena Arusha.

"Zikawululidwa, zitha kukhala zovuta," adatero White. "Kenako zisindikizo zidzatha."

Komabe, Kamamba adawonetsanso kudabwa ndi lipoti la kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso malingaliro a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, akulonjeza kuti bungwe lake lifufuze za malowa, koma akukayikira kuthekera kwa kusuntha bedi la phulusa lomwe lingathe kusweka.

Malo oteteza omwe ali m'malo mwake adamangidwa ndi akatswiri a Getty Conservation Institute ku Los Angeles. Dothi linayikidwa pamwamba pa mapazi ndi ofufuza monga Leakey ndi White.

Koma njere za mtengo wa mthethe sizinasetedwe m’nthaka, motero mitengo inayamba kumera, zomwe zinachititsa kuti phulusa lolimba la chiphalaphalacho liphwasulidwe.

Getty Conservationists Neville Agnew ndi Martha Demas anachotsa wosanjikiza wakale ndi kukula, anaphimba zipsera ndi mphasa wapadera nsalu kuti achepetse kulowerera madzi, kenako anaphimba ndi dothi loyeretsedwa ndi miyala mu 1995.

Izi zinayenda bwino mpaka zaka zingapo zapitazi pamene mvula yowonjezereka inadzaza mitsinje yozungulira ndi dothi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kukokoloka kuwonetse m'mphepete mwa mphasa.

Onse amavomereza kuti mphasayo iyenera kuphimbidwa mwachangu, ngati, mwachitsanzo, anthu amtundu wakumaloko ayesa kuchotsa kuti agwiritse ntchito zina.

Koma yankho la nthawi yaitali lidakali mkangano. Pulezidenti Kikwete akuganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kusiya mapazi kumeneko kumene alendo angakhoze kupeza ndikuyamikira mayendedwe.

Dziko la Tanzania likuchita chikondwerero chachikumbutsochi pazachitetezo cha nyama zakuthengo ndi chilengedwe patatha zaka theka la kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo awiri otchuka oyendera alendo ku Africa, Serengeti National Park ndi Ngorongoro Conservation Area, ndi diso lolimbikitsa malowa.

Mogwirizana ndi mapaki awiriwa, omwe ndi apadera ku Africa, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akukondwerera zaka 50 za kupezeka kwa chigaza cha munthu wakale kwambiri, chomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndicho chakale kwambiri m'mbiri yakale ya dziko lapansi.

Mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area muli Olduvai Gorge, kumene Dr. ndi Mayi Leakey anapeza mabwinja a Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') ndi Homo habilis omwe ali ndi zaka 1.75 miliyoni, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mitundu ya anthu inayamba kusinthika m'derali.

Malo awiri ofunika kwambiri a paleontological ndi ofukula zakale padziko lapansi, Olduvai Gorge ndi Laetoli Footprint site ku Ngarusi akupezeka mkati mwa Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Zinthu zina zofunika kuzitulukirabe m'derali.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Serengeti mosakayikira ndi malo osungira nyama zakuthengo odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, osayerekezeka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe komanso phindu la sayansi. Pokhala ndi nyumbu zoposa mamiliyoni aŵiri, mbawala ya Thomson theka la miliyoni, ndi mbidzi kotala la miliyoni, ili ndi nyama zambiri za m’zigwa mu Afirika. Nyumbu ndi mbidzi zimapanganso nyenyezi yodabwitsa kwambiri - kusamuka kwapachaka kwa Serengeti.