Chitetezo cha panyanja njira ya Seychelles

Dziko laling'ono kwambiri ku Africa likukhazikitsa muyeso wa nyanja zotetezeka poyimba milandu, mgwirizano wapanyanja wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso njira zodzitetezera kuti ziteteze gawo lake lazachuma.

Pamene ogwira ntchito ku Seychellois asanu ndi mmodzi a m'ngalawa yosodza yotchedwa Galate anagona panyanja kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Mahé Island, adayenera kukhala ndi mantha pang'ono kuposa kudzutsidwa tsiku lina lotanganidwa lonyamula nsomba za tuna kuchokera ku Indian Ocean.

Komabe, achifwamba okhala ndi zida anali kuzembera madziwo. Maulendo apanyanja apadziko lonse lapansi adakankhira achifwamba pamtunda wamakilomita mazana ambiri kuchokera kugombe la Somalia ndi Gulf of Aden. Tsopano ena mwa achifwamba amenewo anali kuyang’ana pa asodzi.

Cha m'ma 2 koloko m'mawa pa Marichi 30, 2010, achifwamba asanu ndi anayi a ku Somalia, posachedwapa omwe anali ndi bwato la usodzi la ku Iran ndi antchito ake 21, anafuna kuwonjezera Galate pa ntchito yawo. Achifwambawo adagwira zida zaku Iran masiku anayi m'mbuyomu, malinga ndi lipoti la afrol News.

Panthawi yomwe achifwamba a ku Somali ankakwera Galate, achifwamba anali ataukira kale ndi kulanda magulu a Serenity, Indian Ocean Explorer ndi Alakrana. Purezidenti James Michel ndiye adatsimikiza kuti palibenso anthu ake omwe adzakhale chipwirikiti cha achifwamba okhala ku Somalia.

Michel adalamula chombo cha Seychelles Coast Guard Topaz kuti atseke doko, lomwe linali kukoka Galate, ndikuletsa kuti lifike ku Somalia. Ngati Topazi italephera, vuto lina lalitali komanso lowopsa kuti ateteze kumasulidwa kwa ogwira nawo ntchito linali lotsimikizika kutsatira.

Mothandizidwa ndi European Union Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Topaz idapeza dhow ndikuwombera machenjezo. Kenaka, Topazi inawombera pa injini ya dhow, kulepheretsa bwato ndikuyatsa. Achifwamba, aku Iran ndi asodzi a Seychellois adalumphira m'nyanja ndikupulumutsidwa. Pamene idabwerera kunyumba, Topazi inayenera kubwezeranso chiwembu china, kuwombera ndi kumira skiff ndi sitima yapamadzi. Wopalasa ngalawa wina anathawa.

"Tonse timakumbukira zowawa komanso kusatsimikizika pamene anzathu omwe adakwera Serenity, Indian Ocean Explorer ndi Alakrana adagwidwa ndi achifwamba chaka chatha," adatero Michel pambuyo pa zomwe zidachitika ku Galate, afrol News idatero. "Tidatsimikiza kuti izi zisabwerezenso, ndipo kunali kofunika kuti sitimayo isaloledwe kufika ku Somalia."

M'zaka kuyambira zomwe zinachitika ku Galate, Seychelles yakhala ikutsogolera pakuzenga mlandu ndikutsekera m'ndende kwa achifwamba aku East Africa, kulimbikitsa gulu lake laling'ono la Coast Guard, kupanga mapangano ndi mgwirizano ndi mayiko akunja, ndikuwonetsetsa kutetezedwa ndi kutetezedwa kwa malo ake ambiri apanyanja. . Ntchito ikulipira. Dziko laling'ono kwambiri ku Africa likukhazikitsa muyezo ku kontinenti.

A WAST DOMAIN

Seychelles ndi zilumba za zilumba za 115 zomwe zili ndi malo ophatikizana ma kilomita 455, koma ziyenera kuteteza gawo lazachuma lomwe lili panyanja ya 1,336,559 ma kilomita lalikulu - dera lalikulu kuposa South Africa. The Seychelles ndi okhalamo 90,000 ali ndi nkhawa pazanyanja zomwe zimaposa zomwe mayiko akuchulukirachulukira komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Pamene piracy ndi ziwopsezo zina zapanyanja zidakula ku Indian Ocean, Seychelles idapindula ndi atsogoleri oganiza zamtsogolo omwe akufuna kuchita nawo mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kukula kocheperako kwa dzikoli komanso malo ake kunathandizanso, adatero Dr. Ian Ralby, pulofesa wotsogolera zamalamulo ndi chitetezo panyanja ku Africa Center for Strategic Studies.

"Mwanjira zina kukula kwawo kumawapatsa mwayi wochita zinthu mwachangu," Ralby adauza ADF. "N'zosavuta kusintha zinthu ndikusintha njira mukakhala anthu 90,000 kuposa mukakhala anthu 200 miliyoni."

Komabe, kukula kwa Seychelles kumakulitsanso zotsatira za piracy ndi ziwopsezo zina. Ziwopsezo kumakampani asodzi kapena zokopa alendo zimamveka kwambiri m'dziko lonselo. Kunyalanyaza vuto si njira.

Seychelles imapindulanso ndi chinthu china chapadera. Dr. Christian Bueger, mu pepala lomwe adalemba ndi Anders Wivel mu Meyi 2018, afunsa funso ili: "Zingatheke bwanji kuti dziko lokhala ndi anthu ochepa komanso chuma chochepa chotere lizindikirike ngati mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ukazembe komanso ngati imodzi mwazokambirana? okhazikitsa ulamuliro wa m'nyanja?"

Chinsinsicho, Bueger adauza ADF, chokhazikika m'mbiri yamitundu ndi zikhalidwe.

FOMU YAPALEKEZO YA DIPLOMACY

The Seychelles alibe chikhalidwe kapena anthu. Ndipotu, inalibe anthu mpaka m'ma 1770, pamene obzala mbewu a ku France anafika, atabweretsa akapolo a ku East Africa. Chiwerengero cha anthu amakono a mtunduwu chimaphatikizapo mbadwa za anthu a ku France, Afirika ndi a ku Britain, komanso amalonda a ku Africa, Indian, Chinese ndi Middle East omwe ankakhala pazilumba zazikulu zitatu - makamaka ku Mahé, komanso ku Praslin ndi La Digue.

Bueger ndi Wivel analemba kuti akapolo ankagulitsidwa monga munthu payekha, osati magulu kapena mabanja, choncho chikhalidwe chawo sichinasungidwe. Potsirizira pake kuwonjezereka kwa mafuko ena ochokera Kum’maŵa ndi Kumadzulo, Seychelles inakhala dziko lachikiliyo. Kusakanikirana kwa zikhalidwe kumeneku, popanda kudzipereka kwambiri kwa aliyense wa iwo, kumapangitsa Seychelles kukhala katswiri pa zomwe Bueger amachitcha "kukambirana kwa Creole."

"Mu zokambirana za Creole, muli ndi mabwenzi ambiri, mulibe adani, ndipo mumalankhula ndi aliyense, ndipo mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino m'malo mokhala ndi mavuto ambiri amalingaliro kapena mbiri," anatero Bueger, pulofesa wa maphunziro. mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ku yunivesite ya Copenhagen. "Choncho pragmatism, kumasuka kwa mitundu yonse ya zikhalidwe ndi mayiko ena - iyi ndi mfundo ya Creole; ndi mmene chikhalidwe cha Chikiliyo chimagwirira ntchito.”

Boma la Seychellois limagwirizana ndi mayiko ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana pankhani zapanyanja. Lakhala likugwira ntchito ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi pofuna kuthana ndi umbanda wapanyanja, kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi apanyanja padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchita mgwirizano ndi mayiko akunja kuti alimbikitse maphunziro ake ndi kuletsa mphamvu zake pogula katundu wapanyanja ndi ndege. Zitsanzo zina:

Mu 2014, European Union (EU) idapereka mapulogalamu okonzekera ndege ndi kusanthula zithunzi ku Seychelles ndikuphunzitsa maofesala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito. Dongosololi limathandiza Air Force kuyang'anira dera lanyanja ndikusanthula bwino radar, makanema ndi zithunzi za infrared, defenceWeb idatero. Kuthekera uku kumathandizira kupereka umboni wovomerezeka pakuyimbidwa mlandu kwa piracy.

Mu 2015, Seychelles idakhala dziko loyamba lachigawo kukhala wapampando wa Contact Group on Piracy kugombe la Somalia, kwa zaka ziwiri. Otenga nawo mbali amayang'anira ntchito zandale, zankhondo komanso zosagwirizana ndi boma polimbana ndi nkhanza za ku East Africa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti achifwamba akuweruzidwa. Pafupifupi mayiko 80 ndi mabungwe angapo apadziko lonse akutenga nawo mbali.

Oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi aku Germany pa FGS Bayern, sitima yapamadzi yapadziko lonse mu zombo zapagulu za EU za Operation Atalanta, adaphunzitsa a Seychelles Marine Police Unit mu 2016 kukwera, kuteteza malo otsetsereka komanso kulimbana ndi moto, defenceWeb idatero.

Mu Januware 2018, Seychelles inali dziko la Cutlass Express, U.S. Africa Command's East African Navy. Mayiko omwe adatenga nawo gawo adayesa luso lawo lothana ndi kuzembetsa, kuba, usodzi wosaloledwa, komanso kuchita ntchito zofufuza ndi kupulumutsa anthu. Ophunzirawo anachokera ku Australia, Canada, Comoros, Denmark, Djibouti, France, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, New Zealand, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Netherlands, Turkey ndi United States.

Seychelles People's Defense Forces (SPDF) ndi Asitikali aku India adalowa nawo mu February 2018 kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi masiku asanu ndi atatu otchedwa Lamitye, liwu lachi Creole laubwenzi. SPDF Lt. Col. Jean Attala adauza Seychelles News Agency kuti ntchito yomwe imachitika kawiri kawiri, yomwe idayamba ku 2001, imalimbitsa mphamvu zankhondo ziwiri, zolimbana ndi uchigawenga komanso ntchito zolimbana ndi piracy. Zinakhudza SPDF, Coast Guard ndi Air Force.

MTSOGOLERI WOYAMBIRA

Bwalo limodzi lomwe dziko la Seychelles lachita bwino ndi lofunitsitsa kuimba mlandu achifwamba omwe agwidwa akuukira zombo zapagombe la Somalia ndi kupitirira apo. Pamene asilikali apanyanja anayamba kumenyana ndi achifwamba ku Gulf of Aden ndi Indian Ocean, iwo anachita "kugwira ndi kumasula" chifukwa mayiko omwe anali nawo sankafuna kutsutsa achifwamba m'mayiko awo.

"Kuti athane ndi izi, mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi adayesetsa kupeza yankho lomwe asitikali apanyanja apadziko lonse lapansi amanga anthu omwe akuwakayikira, kenako ndikuwapereka kumayiko akumadera kuti akawatsutse," adatero Bueger ndi Wivel.

Kenya idachitapo kanthu kaye, kenako a Seychelles adavomera kuimbidwa mlandu kwa achifwamba ndipo posakhalitsa idakhala dziko loyambirira loyang'anira milanduyo. Iwo ayesa milandu yambiri yoyimira anthu oposa 100 ndipo aweruzanso milandu ingapo ya apilo. M’njira yonseyi, dzikolo linakhalabe lokhazikika m’kudzipereka kwake ku ulamuliro wa malamulo.

Poyamba, a Ralby adati, a Seychelles analibe mphamvu zokwanira zozenga milandu yochokera kunyanja zazitali kapena malamulo othana ndi "kubera." Adatsatanso njira yophunzirira kwambiri pamalamulo aumboni monga kutsimikizira kuti okayikira ali ndi zaka zopitilira 18 kapena kuyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi nzika zawo. “Pamene nkhani zazamalamulo zidabuka, adasinthadi malamulo awo kuti athe kuthana ndi milanduyo moyenera,” adatero Ralby. "Chifukwa chake ali ndi ukadaulo wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi pakadali pano pankhani yamakina otengera mlandu wa piracy kulikonse - kulikonse panyanja - mpaka kuimbidwa mlandu, kuweruzidwa, kuweruzidwa, apilo komanso kumangidwa. .”

Dziko laling’onoli, lomwe lili pazilumba zapakati pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean, linaona ubwino wokhazikitsanso malamulo a m’nyanja. Inaonanso ubwino wopangitsa nyanja kukhala yokhazikika, komanso yotetezeka.

"Ngati chilimbikitso chokha chachitetezo cha panyanja ndikuteteza boma ku ziwopsezo, muli ndi vuto lokhumudwitsa komanso losatha, chifukwa mukugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuyimitsa chinthu chomwe chizikhala chikubwera," adatero Ralby. “Nthaŵi zonse padzakhala ziwopsezo zatsopano; nthawi zonse padzakhala zovuta zatsopano zachitetezo cha panyanja."

KUONA CHITHUNZI CHACHIKULU CHA MARITIME

Seychelles, mwina kuposa dziko lina lililonse la ku Africa, amadziwa kufunika ndi kufooka kwa chuma chake chochokera kunyanja. Ndalama zake zimachokera makamaka m'mafakitale a usodzi ndi zokopa alendo, ndipo upandu wapanyanja umasokoneza malondawo. Pamene mayiko akuyesetsa kudziwa zambiri za madera apanyanja, Ralby adati Seychelles imagwira ntchito molimbika kuti iteteze ndi kulima ngati gwero lachuma ndi chitukuko.

Seychelles ili ndi ndondomeko yophatikizira nsomba zomwe zimalola ogula padziko lonse lapansi kuti awone magwero a tuna ogwidwa ndi mabwato osodza a Seychellois. Kuwonekera pamsika kumeneku kumawonjezera phindu ku nsomba zovomerezeka komanso kuletsa usodzi wosaloledwa.

Dzikoli layambanso njira yatsopano yosungitsira malo ake apanyanja pomwe likubweza ngongole. Dongosolo lazandalama, lomwe limadziwika kuti "ngongole ya ma dolphin," achititsa kuti Seychelles ikhazikitse mbali zazikulu za malo ake am'madzi kuti isungidwe posinthanitsa ndi ndalama zomwe zingachepetse ngongole ya dziko.

Kumayambiriro kwa 2018, The Nature Conservancy idapereka ndalama zokwana $22 miliyoni zangongole za Seychelles. Posinthanitsa, dzikolo lisankha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madera ake am'madzi ngati otetezedwa, Reuters idatero. Malo oyambirira osungirako malo okwana 210,000-square-kilometer angachepetse kusodza, kufufuza mafuta ndi chitukuko m'malo osalimba ndikuwalola pansi pazikhalidwe zina m'madera ena onse. Malo owonjezera a 200,000-square kilomita adayenera kukhala ndi zoletsa zosiyanasiyana.

The Seychelles yadzipereka kuteteza mpaka 30 peresenti ya madera ake apanyanja kudzera mu dongosolo lathunthu lazamlengalenga. Dongosololi lidzateteza zamoyo ndi malo okhala, kukhazikitsa mphamvu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja motsutsana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kusunga mwayi wachuma pazantchito zokopa alendo ndi usodzi.

"Chuma cha buluu chakhala chofunikira kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, ndipo mwina kuposa mayiko ena aliwonse, Seychelles yafika pozindikira za malo ake ndikuvomereza ngati zabwino osati zovuta," adatero Ralby.

Source: Africa Defense Forum