Atumiki amayang'anitsitsa za kuopsa kwa ayezi ku Antarctic

Troll Research Station, Antarctica - Gulu la atumiki ovala malo osungira zachilengedwe adafika kudera lakutali la kontinenti yachisanu Lolemba, m'masiku omaliza a nyengo yofufuza zanyengo, kuti aphunzire zambiri za momwe kusungunuka kwa Antarctica kungawononge dziko lapansi. .

Oimira ochokera m'maiko opitilira khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikiza US, China, Britain ndi Russia, adakumana pamalo ofufuzira aku Norway ndi asayansi aku America ndi aku Norway akubwera kumapeto kwa mtunda wamakilomita 1,400 (2,300-kilomita), awiri- mwezi woyenda pa ayezi kuchokera ku South Pole.

Alendowo adzapeza "chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha kukula kwa kontinenti ya Antarctic ndi gawo lake pakusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse," adatero wokonza za ntchitoyi, Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Norway.

Aphunziranso za kusatsimikizika kwakukulu komwe kukuvutitsa kafukufuku kudera lakumwera kwambiri komanso kulumikizana kwake ndi kutentha kwa dziko: Kodi kutentha kwa Antarctica ndi kotani? Kodi ayezi wochuluka bwanji akusungunuka m'nyanja? Kodi zingakweze bwanji madzi am'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi?

Mayankho ake ndi ovuta kwambiri kotero kuti bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), gulu la asayansi la United Nations lomwe linalandira Mphotho ya Nobel, silinaphatikizepo chiwopsezo chomwe chingakhalepo chifukwa cha madzi oundana a polar powerengera mu kafukufuku wake wovomerezeka wa 2007 wa kutentha kwa dziko.

Bungwe la IPCC linaneneratu kuti nyanja zikhoza kukwera kufika mainchesi 23 (mamita 0.59) m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX, chifukwa cha kutentha kwadzaoneni ndi kusungunuka kwa ayezi, ngati dziko silichita zochepa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wina wotenthetsa dziko lapansi umene akuti ndiwo wachititsa kutentha kwa mumlengalenga.

Koma gulu la UN silinaganizirepo za Antarctica ndi Greenland, popeza kugwirizana kwa mlengalenga ndi nyanja ndi malo awo oundana ambiri - Antarctica ili ndi 90 peresenti ya ayezi wapadziko lonse lapansi - sikumveka bwino. Ndipo komabe madzi oundana a Kumadzulo kwa Antarctic, amene madzi ake oundana akutsanulira madzi oundana mofulumira kwambiri m’nyanja, “angakhale nsonga yoopsa kwambiri m’zaka za zana lino,” akutero katswiri wa zanyengo wa ku United States, James Hansen wa NASA.

"Pali kuthekera kwa kukwera kwamadzi kwamamita angapo," Hansen adauza The Associated Press sabata yatha. Nkhaniyi ndi “yochititsa mantha,” anatero wasayansi wamkulu wa IPCC, Rajendra Pachauri, amene anakumana ndi nduna ku Cape Town ndege yawo isanakwane maola 9 kuchokera ku South Africa.

Kupeza mayankho kwakhala kofunika kwambiri ku 2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY), kusonkhanitsa asayansi a 10,000 ndi ena 40,000 ochokera m'mayiko oposa 60 omwe adachita kafukufuku wambiri wa Arctic ndi Antarctic pazaka ziwiri zapitazi za kumwera kwa chilimwe - pa ayezi, panyanja, kudzera pa ngalawa yothyola madzi oundana, sitima zapamadzi ndi satellite yowunikira.

Mamembala 12 aku Norwegian-American Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica - oyenda "obwera kunyumba" ku Troll - inali gawo limodzi lofunikira la ntchitoyi, atabowoleza zozama m'magawo a ayezi apachaka m'dera lomwe silinafufuzidwe pang'ono, kuti adziwe. ndi chipale chofewa chochuluka bwanji chomwe chagwa m'mbiri komanso kapangidwe kake.

Ntchito yotereyi idzaphatikizidwa ndi pulojekiti ina ya IPY, kuyesayesa kokwanira kupanga mapu ndi satellite radar "malo othamanga" a madzi oundana a Antarctic m'nyengo yachilimwe iwiri yapitayi, kuti awone momwe ayezi akukankhidwira mofulumira m'nyanja yozungulira.

Kenako asayansi atha kumvetsetsa bwino za "kuchuluka" - kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa, komwe kumachokera ku nthunzi ya m'nyanja, kumachotsa madzi oundana omwe akutsanuliridwa m'nyanja.

"Sitikudziwa zomwe ice sheet la East Antarctic likuchita," David Carlson, mtsogoleri wa IPY, adalongosola sabata yatha kuchokera ku maofesi a pulogalamuyi ku Cambridge, England. "Zikuwoneka ngati zikuyenda mwachangu. Ndiye kodi izo zimagwirizana ndi kudzikundikira? Zomwe abwera nazo zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse ndondomekoyi. "

Atumiki oyendera zachilengedwe anali a Algeria, Britain, Congo, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway ndi Sweden. Maiko ena adayimiridwa ndi opanga ndondomeko zanyengo ndi okambirana, kuphatikiza Xie Zhenhua waku China ndi a Dan Reifsnyder, wachiwiri kwa mlembi wa dziko la US.

Mkati mwa tsiku lawo lalitali ali kuno kudera la dzuwa la maola 17 m’chilimwe chakum’mwera, pamene kutentha kumatsikabe kufika paziro Celsius (-20 digiri Celsius), alendo akumpotowo anaona malo ochititsa kaso a Queen Maud Land, malo otsetsereka a mapiri oipitsitsa. 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometers) kumwera chakumadzulo kwa South Africa, ndipo adayendera Troll Research Station yapamwamba kwambiri ya Norwegians, yomwe idasinthidwa kukhala ntchito za chaka chonse mu 2005.

Ndale zanyengo zinali zosakanikirana ndi sayansi. Atasokonekera ku Cape Town kwa masiku awiri owonjezera pomwe mphepo yamkuntho ya ku Antarctic idayendetsa ndege yomwe idakonzedwa kumapeto kwa sabata, ndunazo zidalimbikitsidwa pa nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo ndi anzawo aku Scandinavia akukomera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pa mgwirizano watsopano wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ukwaniritse Kyoto Protocol, mgwirizano wochepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. zomwe zinatha mu 2012.

Ulamuliro watsopano wa Purezidenti Barack Obama waku US walonjeza kuchitapo kanthu patatha zaka zambiri za kukana kwa US ku Kyoto. Koma zovuta za zovuta komanso nthawi yochepa msonkhano wa Copenhagen usanachitike mu Disembala, tsiku lomwe agwirizane, zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zosatsimikizika ngati tsogolo la madzi oundana a Antarctica ndi mashelufu oundana akunyanja.

Kafukufuku wochulukirapo akuyembekezera, atero asayansi, kuphatikiza zofufuza za kutentha ndi kusuntha kwa mafunde aku Southern Ocean ozungulira Antarctica. "Tiyenera kuyika zinthu zambiri," adatero Carlson wa IPY.

Asayansi ochulukirachulukira akuti kuchita ndale kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri.

"Tasiya malingaliro athu ngati tilola kuti izi ziyambike," adatero Hansen za kusungunuka kwa Antarctic. "Chifukwa sipadzakhala kuyimitsa."