Ma cell a Mutant Stem Amanyoza Malamulo Achitukuko

Tiyerekeze kuti mukuphika keke, koma mchere watha. Ngakhale ndi chophatikizira chomwe chikusowa, chowomberacho chikuwoneka ngati chowombera keke, kotero mumachiyika mu uvuni ndikuwoloka zala zanu, kuyembekezera kutha ndi chinachake chokongola pafupi ndi keke yachibadwa. M'malo mwake, mumabwereranso patatha ola limodzi kuti mupeze nyama yophikidwa bwino.

Zikumveka ngati nthabwala yothandiza, koma kusinthika kodabwitsa kotereku ndi kumene kunachitikadi ku mbale ya maselo a mbewa pamene asayansi a ku Gladstone Institutes anachotsa jini imodzi yokha—maselo a tsinde amene anayenera kukhala maselo a mtima mwadzidzidzi anafanana ndi ma cell a ubongo. Kuwona mwayi kwa asayansi kukukwera zomwe amaganiza kuti amadziwa momwe ma cell cell amasinthira kukhala ma cell akuluakulu ndikusunga mawonekedwe awo akamakula.

"Izi zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi malingaliro ofunikira okhudza momwe maselo amakhalira momwe maselo amakhalira akayamba njira yawo yokhalira maselo a mtima kapena ubongo," akutero Benoit Bruneau, PhD, mkulu wa Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease komanso wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa. Chilengedwe.

Osatembenuka Mmbuyo

Maselo a embryonic stem ali ndi pluripotent - amatha kusiyanitsa, kapena kusintha, kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo mu thupi lachikulire lopangidwa bwino. Koma pamafunika njira zambiri kuti ma stem cell apangitse mitundu ya ma cell akuluakulu. Panjira yawo yofikira kukhala ma cell a mtima, mwachitsanzo, ma embryonic stem cell amayamba kusiyanitsa kukhala mesoderm, imodzi mwazinthu zitatu zoyambirira zomwe zimapezeka m'miluza yoyambirira. Kupitilira njirayo, ma cell a mesoderm amatha kupanga mafupa, minofu, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi maselo amtima akugunda.

Ndizovomerezeka kuti selo likayamba kusiyanitsa imodzi mwa njirazi, silingatembenuke kuti lisankhe tsogolo lina.

Bruneau, yemwenso ndi Wapampando wa William H. Wamng'ono, anati: “Wasayansi aliyense amene amakamba za tsogolo la maselo amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha malo a ku Waddington, omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi malo otsetsereka otsetsereka a m’madzi okhala ndi mapiri osiyanasiyana otsetsereka m’zigwa zotalikirana. mu Cardiovascular Research ku Gladstone ndi pulofesa wa ana ku UC San Francisco (UCSF). “Ngati selo lili m’chigwa chakuya, palibe njira yoti lingalumphe kupita kuchigwa china chosiyana kwambiri.”

Zaka khumi zapitazo, Wofufuza wamkulu wa Gladstone, Shinya Yamanaka, MD, PhD, adapeza momwe angakhazikitsirenso ma cell akulu akulu kukhala ma cell opangidwa ndi pluripotent. Ngakhale izi sizinapatse maselo kuthekera kodumphira pakati pa zigwa, zidakhala ngati kukweza ski kubwerera pamwamba pa malo osiyanitsa.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ofufuza ena apeza kuti ndi mankhwala oyenera, maselo ena amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri kudzera mu njira yotchedwa "direct reprogramming" -monga njira yachidule yodutsa m'nkhalango pakati pa misewu yoyandikana nayo. Koma palibe mwazochitika izi zomwe maselo amatha kudumphira pakati pa njira zosiyana kwambiri. Makamaka, maselo a mesoderm sangakhale otsogolera amitundu yakutali monga ma cell aubongo kapena m'matumbo.

Komabe, m’kafukufuku watsopanoyu, Bruneau ndi anzake akusonyeza kuti, modabwitsidwa, zolozera za maselo a mtima zimathadi kusintha kukhala ma cell a ubongo—ngati puloteni yotchedwa Brahma ikusowa.

Kuwonera Modabwitsa

Ofufuzawo amaphunzira gawo la puloteni ya Brahma pakusiyanitsa ma cell amtima, chifukwa adapeza mu 2019 kuti imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mamolekyu ena okhudzana ndi mapangidwe amtima.

M'mbale ya ma cell a embryonic stem cell, adagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira ma genome CRISPR kuti azimitse jini ya Brm (yomwe imapanga mapuloteni a Brahma). Ndipo adawona kuti ma cell sakusiyananso ndi ma cell amtima omwe amatsogolera.

“Pakatha masiku 10 akusiyana, maselo abwinobwino akugunda monyinyirika; ndi maselo amtima bwino, "akutero Swetansu Hota, PhD, wolemba woyamba wa kafukufukuyu komanso wasayansi wogwira ntchito ku Bruneau Lab. "Koma popanda Brahma, panali unyinji wa ma cell osagwira ntchito. Palibe kumenyedwa konse. ”

Pambuyo pofufuza mowonjezereka, gulu la Bruneau linazindikira chifukwa chomwe maselo sanali kumenya chinali chifukwa kuchotsa Brahma sikunangotseka majini ofunikira ku maselo a mtima, komanso adayambitsa majini ofunikira m'maselo a ubongo. Maselo otsogolera mtima tsopano anali maselo a ubongo.

Ofufuzawo adatsata njira iliyonse yosiyanitsira, ndipo mosayembekezereka adapeza kuti maselowa sanabwererenso ku chikhalidwe cha pluripotent. M'malo mwake, ma cellwo adadumphadumpha mokulirapo pakati pa njira zama cell cell kuposa zomwe zidawonedwa kale.

“Zimene tinaona n’zakuti selo la m’chigwa china cha malo a ku Waddington, lokhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera, likhoza kulumphira m’chigwa china popanda kukwera kaye kukwera kubweza kunsonga,” akutero Bruneau.

Maphunziro a Matenda

Ngakhale chilengedwe cha maselo mu mbale ya labu ndi mluza wonse ndi wosiyana kwambiri, zomwe ochita kafukufuku amawona zimakhala ndi maphunziro okhudza thanzi la maselo ndi matenda. Kusintha kwa jini Brm kwalumikizidwa ndi matenda amtima obadwa nawo komanso ma syndromes omwe amakhudza ntchito yaubongo. Jini imakhudzidwanso ndi khansa zingapo.

"Ngati kuchotsa Brahma kungasinthe maselo a mesoderm (monga ma cell precursors a mtima) kukhala ma ectoderm cell (monga ma cell a ubongo) m'mbale, ndiye kuti mwina kusintha kwa jini ya Brm ndi komwe kumapangitsa maselo ena a khansa kuti asinthe kwambiri chibadwa chawo. akuti Bruneau.

Zomwe zapezazi ndizofunikanso pa kafukufuku wofunikira, akuwonjezera kuti, chifukwa amatha kuwunikira momwe maselo angasinthire khalidwe lawo pazochitika za matenda, monga kulephera kwa mtima, komanso kupanga mankhwala ochiritsira, poyambitsa maselo atsopano a mtima mwachitsanzo.

"Kafukufuku wathu akutiuzanso kuti njira zosiyanitsira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso zofooka kuposa momwe timaganizira," akutero Bruneau. "Kudziwa bwino njira zosiyanitsira kungatithandizenso kumvetsetsa mtima wobadwa nawo - ndi zina - zilema, zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kusiyana kolakwika."