Lipoti Latsopano: Kusiyanitsa Alzheimer's Early ndi Ukalamba Wachibadwa

Bungwe la Alzheimer's Association 2022 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures lipoti lidapeza zidziwitso zatsopano zokhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe madokotala komanso anthu aku America amakumana nazo pakumvetsetsa ndikuzindikira kufooka kwa chidziwitso (MCI), komwe kumadziwika ndi kusintha kosawoneka bwino kwamakumbukidwe ndi kaganizidwe. Akuti 10% mpaka 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MCI amayamba kudwala dementia chaka chilichonse. Ndipo kukula kwa anthu aku US azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitilira kupitilira kukula (kuchokera pa 58 miliyoni mu 2021 mpaka 88 miliyoni pofika 2050), momwemonso chiwerengero ndi gawo la anthu aku America omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's kapena dementias amapatsidwa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha dementia ndi ukalamba. .

Lipoti lapachaka la Zowona ndi Ziwerengero limapereka kuyang'ana mozama pa ziwerengero zaposachedwa za dziko ndi boma pakukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's, imfa, chisamaliro ndi ndalama zothandizira. Lipoti la chaka chino lilinso ndi gawo latsopano la ogwira ntchito yosamalira anthu odwala matenda a dementia. Lipoti lapadera lomwe linatsagana naye, Kukalamba Kwambiri: Kumvetsetsa Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), kwa nthawi yoyamba inayang'ana kumvetsetsa kwa madokotala ndi akuluakulu achipatala (PCP) pa chidziwitso chenichenicho, kuzindikira ndi kuchiza kwa MCI ndi MCI chifukwa cha Alzheimer's. matenda ku United States.

"Kuwonongeka kwachidziwitso pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumasokonezedwa ndi 'ukalamba wamba,' koma si gawo la ukalamba wamba," adatero Maria Carrillo, Ph.D., mkulu wa sayansi, Alzheimer's Association. "Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zovuta zachidziwitso zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba wabwinobwino, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi MCI ndi omwe amagwirizana ndi MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's ndikofunikira kwambiri pothandiza anthu, mabanja awo ndi madokotala kukonzekera chithandizo chamtsogolo ndi chisamaliro."

Akuti 12% mpaka 18% mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 kapena kuposerapo ali ndi MCI. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi MCI amabwerera ku chidziwitso chachibadwa kapena kukhalabe okhazikika, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti 10 mpaka 15 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi MCI amayamba kudwala matenda a dementia chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu omwe ali ndi MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's amayamba kusokoneza maganizo pasanathe zaka zisanu. Kuzindikira kuti ndi anthu ati omwe ali ndi MCI omwe amatha kukhala ndi vuto la dementia ndi cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku waposachedwa, zomwe zingathandize kuti matenda ayambe kudwala komanso kuchiza.

Kusazindikira komabe nkhawa

Ngakhale kufalikira kwa anthu aku America okalamba, lipoti latsopanoli lidapeza kuti oposa 4 mwa 5 Achimereka (82%) amadziwa zochepa kwambiri kapena sadziwa bwino za MCI. Mukauzidwa kufotokozera za MCI, opitilira theka (55%) amati MCI ikuwoneka ngati "kukalamba wamba."

Pamene MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's ikufotokozedwa, pafupifupi theka la omwe anafunsidwa (42%) akuwonetsa kudandaula kuti ayamba mtsogolo. Ngakhale zili ndi nkhawa izi, ambiri (85%) angafune kuphunzira za matenda a Alzheimer's atangoyamba kukula, mwina panthawi ya MCI gawo (54%) kapena gawo la dementia wofatsa (31%).

Zovuta pazokambirana ndi kuzindikira

Zomwe zapeza zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake anthu omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za MCI safuna kukambirana nawo ndi madokotala awo, omwe amakumana ndi zovuta zokhazikika pakuzindikira odwala awo. Zina mwazopezeka:

• Ochepera theka la omwe anafunsidwa (40%) adanena kuti adzawona dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati atakhala ndi zizindikiro za MCI, pamene ambiri (60%) angadikire kapena osawona dokotala nkomwe.

• Pafupifupi 8 mwa 10 omwe anafunsidwa (78%) adadandaula za kuwona dokotala chifukwa cha zizindikiro za MCI, kutchula zifukwa monga kuopa kulandira matenda olakwika (28%); kuphunzira ali ndi vuto lalikulu (27%); kuopa kulandira chithandizo chosafunika (26%); kapena zizindikiro zokhulupirira zidzatha pakapita nthawi (23%).

• 75% ya PCPs amanena kuti ali patsogolo popereka chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi MCI. Komabe, magawo awiri mwa atatu okha amamva bwino kuyankha mafunso odwala okhudzana ndi MCI (65%) ndi / kapena kukambirana momwe MCI ingakhudzire matenda a Alzheimer's (60%).

• Ma PCP akudzipereka kuti aphunzire zambiri za MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's ndikuwona ubwino wodziwikiratu (90%). Komabe, opitilira magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a PCPs (77%) amafotokoza MCI chifukwa cha Alzheimer's kukhala yovuta kuzindikira, ndipo theka (51%) nthawi zambiri samva kukhala omasuka kuzizindikira.

"Kumvetsetsa ndi kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwachidziwitso chochepa chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's ndikofunikira chifukwa kumapereka mwayi wopita patsogolo kuti athe kulowererapo kwa matenda a Alzheimer's continuum," adatero Carrillo. "Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's, kulowererapo m'mbuyomu kumapereka mwayi wothana ndi matendawa komanso kuti asamapite patsogolo pang'onopang'ono panthawi yomwe anthu akugwira ntchito payekha komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino." 

Malingaliro amitundu ndi mafuko

Zodetsa nkhawa komanso chisokonezo chozungulira MCI zikuwonekeranso pamitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa kwa MCI ndizochepa pakati pa mafuko ndi mafuko onse omwe anafunsidwa: Azungu Achimereka (18%), Achiamerika Achimereka (18%), Achimereka Achimereka (18%), Akuda Achimereka (18%) ndi Aspanic America (17%). .

• Hispanic (79%) ndi Black (80%) Achimereka akunena kuti akufuna kudziwa ngati anali ndi matenda a Alzheimer panthawi yoyambirira (MCI kapena mild Alzheimer's dementia), yomwe imakhala yochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi White (88%) ndi Asia (84). %) ndi Amwenye Achimereka (84%).

• Asiya (54%) ndi Hispanic (52%) Achimerika amatha kudandaula za kupanga MCI poyerekeza ndi Native (47%), White (45%) ndi Black America (44%).

• Asiya (50%), Hispanic (49%) ndi Black (47%) Achimerika ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za kukula kwa MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's, akutsatiridwa ndi Native (41%) ndi White Americans (39%).

• Kulandira matenda olakwika kunali kovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosawona dokotala nthawi yomweyo zizindikiro za MCI pakati pa Asia (38%), Black (31%) ndi White American (27%). Chifukwa chachikulu chotchulidwa ndi a ku Spain (27%) ndi Amwenye Achimereka (31%) anali kuphunzira kuti atha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu.

• Ponseponse, 43% ya anthu aku America adanenapo kuti kutenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zachipatala ndi chifukwa chodziwira msanga matenda a Alzheimer's. Komabe, Achimereka Achimereka (50%) anali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa aku Puerto Rico (25%) kuti atchule kutenga nawo mbali pa mayesero a zachipatala monga chifukwa cha matenda oyambirira, kutsatiridwa ndi Asia (40%), Native (35%) ndi Black America (32% ).

"Mayesero azachipatala ndi ofunikira kuti amvetsetse zambiri zamankhwala amakono komanso omwe angathe kudwala matenda a Alzheimer's," adatero Carrillo. "Pamene kafukufuku akuchulukirachulukira, tifunika kuthana ndi zovuta zachikhalidwe, zovuta zofikira ndi zinthu zina kuti tiwonetsetse kuti anthu akutenga nawo mbali pamayesero azachipatala pakati pamitundu yonse, makamaka pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana."

Kufunika kochitapo kanthu koyambirira, malangizo a dokotala

Mwa omwe adafunsidwa omwe adafuna kuphunzira za matenda a Alzheimer's mu gawo la MCI, opitilira theka (70%) adazindikira kufunikira kokonzekera ndi mwayi wamankhwala. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumapatsa mabanja nthawi yoti apange zisankho zalamulo, zachuma ndi chisamaliro chamtsogolo, kutengera zomwe wodwala akukumana nazo komanso zomwe amaika patsogolo, ndipo zimagwirizana ndi kutsika kwa ndalama zonse zachipatala. Kuonjezera apo, ambiri a PCPs (86%) adanena kuti kuchitapo kanthu koyambirira kungachepetse kupitirira kwa chidziwitso.

Komabe, 1 yokha mu 5 PCPs (20%) inanena kuti ikudziwa bwino za mayesero a zachipatala omwe amapezeka kwa odwala awo omwe ali ndi MCI, ndipo 1 yokha mu 4 PCPs (23%) amati amadziwa bwino mankhwala atsopano omwe ali mu payipi kuti athetse MCI chifukwa cha Alzheimer's. matenda. MCI ikapezeka, ma PCP nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo (73%).

"Pali ntchito yochulukirapo yoti ichitike pankhani yokulitsa chidwi cha madokotala kuti azindikire vuto lachidziwitso, kuphatikiza MCI ndi MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's, makamaka popeza kupita patsogolo kwa matenda akukula," atero a Morgan Daven, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, machitidwe azaumoyo. , Alzheimer's Association. "Izi zikuphatikiza kuzindikira kwa madokotala oyambira chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano komanso kutenga nawo gawo kwa odwala pamayesero ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's."

Malingaliro amtsogolo ndi mwayi

Ngakhale kuti matenda a Alzheimer's akupitirirabe kwa anthu ndi mabanja m'dziko lonselo, odwala komanso ma PCPs amasonyeza kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo choti mankhwala atsopano othana ndi matenda a Alzheimer ali pafupi. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu opitilira 7 mwa 10 aku America (73%) akuyembekeza kuti chithandizo chatsopano chichedwetse kufalikira kwa matenda a Alzheimer's pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Oposa theka la anthu aku America amakhulupirira kuti padzakhala mankhwala atsopano oletsa kupita patsogolo (60%) ndikupewa (53%) matenda a Alzheimer's. Pakati pa ma PCP, 82% akuyembekeza kuti padzakhala mankhwala atsopano ochepetsera kufalikira kwa matenda a Alzheimer mkati mwazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Oposa theka la PCPs (54%) akuyembekeza kuti padzakhala mankhwala oletsa kupitirira kwa matenda ndipo 42% amakhulupirira kuti padzakhala mankhwala oletsa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Zaka makumi awiri zapitazi zawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa gulu latsopano lamankhwala lomwe limalimbana ndi biology ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Pofika mu February 2022, pali mankhwala 104 osintha matenda omwe akuwunikidwa m'mayesero azachipatala kapena pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zovomerezeka. Njira zochiritsirazi ndicholinga chochepetsera kukula kwa MCI chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's komanso dementia wofatsa wa Alzheimer's, malinga ndi Alzheimer's Association.

Zotsatira za COVID-19

Lipotilo lidawunikiranso momwe mliri wa COVID-19 wakhudzira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Ngakhale sizikudziwika momwe COVID-19 ingakhudzire kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ku US omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's, COVID-19 yakhudza kwambiri kufa kwa Alzheimer's ndi dementia ina. Malinga ndi lipotilo, panali anthu enanso 44,729 omwe adafa ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi dementia mu 2020 poyerekeza ndi zaka zisanu zapitazi - chiwonjezeko 17%.

Ripotilo likuwonetsa zoyambira komanso zongoyerekeza zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mliriwu ukubweretsanso zovuta kwa ambiri osamalira mabanja. Ikuwona zovuta zokhudzana ndi miliri, kuphatikiza kutsekedwa kwa malo osamalira anthu achikulire komanso kulephera kwa mabanja kuchezera kapena kulankhulana ndi achibale m'malo osamalira ana kwanthawi yayitali, kwadzetsa "kupsinjika maganizo ndi zotsatira zina zoipa pakati pa osamalira."

Zina zowonjezera kuchokera ku lipotili zikuphatikizidwa pansipa ndipo ziwerengero zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, imfa, mtengo wa chisamaliro, chisamaliro ndi dementia ogwira ntchito akupezeka pano. Zolemba zonse za lipoti la 2022 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures, kuphatikizapo lipoti lapadera lotsatizana, Zoposa Kukalamba Kwachibadwa: Kumvetsetsa Mild Cognitive Impairment zikhoza kuwonedwa pa alz.org/facts. Lipotilo liwonekeranso mu Epulo 2022 nkhani ya Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.