Malamulo atsopano achitetezo okhudza apaulendo padziko lonse lapansi

Ambiri mwa oyang'anira maulendo omwe adafunsidwa mosiyana ndi Association of Corporate Travel Executives ndi National Business Travel Association asonyeza kuti makampani awo sanachepetse maulendo amalonda chifukwa cha tsiku la Khrisimasi kuyesa kuphulitsa bomba mu ndege ya Northwest Airlines paulendo wopita ku Detroit. kuchokera ku Amsterdam. Koma zotsatira za dongosolo lauchigawenga-kuwunika kwachitetezo chowonjezera ndi njira zina zokhazikika-zikukhudza kale apaulendo padziko lonse lapansi.

Zotsatira zake sizinadziwikebe pamene akuluakulu m'mayiko angapo akupitiriza kuwunika ndikukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano. Pakadali pano, palibe umboni wa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kufunikira kwa maulendo apandege aku US chifukwa cha izi. "Zochitika zauchigawenga mu December mwina zakhudza kwambiri malonda a matikiti, makamaka ku / kuchokera ku Ulaya," malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Jan. 11 kuchokera kwa katswiri wa UBS Kevin Crissey. "Izi zati, oyang'anira omwe tidalankhula nawo sanawonepo vuto lililonse lomwe angakumane nalo chifukwa chalephera." Koma izi zimadzutsa mafunso kwa oyenda pafupipafupi komanso oyang'anira awo. Kodi njira zatsopano zachitetezo zomwe zimatalikitsa nthawi yodikirira zitha kukhala zosokoneza kwambiri pakuyenda bwino? Kodi ziletso zapaulendo zidzayamba kuchepa padziko lonse lapansi ndikukakamiza apaulendo ambiri kudikirira zikwama zonyamulidwa? Kodi akuluakulu aboma ndi mabungwe omwe akuchita bizinesi ayenera kuthana bwanji ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi thanzi komanso zinsinsi zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje owunikira thupi? Kodi akatswiri oyenda pamakampani angatani kuti azikhala patsogolo pazatsopano zatsopano?

Zina mwazomwe zikuwonekera kale: Apaulendo okwera ndege zolowera ku US amakumana ndi zoletsa zina zonyamulira (kuphatikiza chiletso cha boma la Canada pazinthu zonse zonyamula, kupatula zina kuphatikiza "zinthu zaumwini") zomwe zapangitsa kuti onyamula ena asiye. ndalama zina zamatumba. Okwera omwe amalowa ku US nawonso "angafunike kulola nthawi yowonjezereka kuti adutse chitetezo," malinga ndi US Transportation Security Administration, ndipo amatha kukumana ndikusaka mwachisawawa, kuphatikiza kugunda kwa thupi, komanso kuyang'ana zambiri pazipata zonyamuka. Boma la Canada linanena kuti anthu opita ku United States “azifika pabwalo la ndege patatsala maola atatu kuti anyamuke.” Apaulendo akuchoka kapena kudutsa "mayiko omwe amathandizira zauchigawenga kapena mayiko ena osangalatsa" makamaka adzayang'anizana ndi "kuwongoleredwa", malinga ndi TSA.

Kwa apaulendo apanyumba aku US, "okwera safunika kuchita china chilichonse, koma amatha kuwona njira zowonjezera zachitetezo pa eyapoti," malinga ndi TSA. Apaulendo sangathe kuwona njira zina, monga oyendetsa ndege ochulukirapo pamaulendo apaulendo ndi mayina owonjezera pamndandanda wa "osawuluka". "Monga woyenda bizinesi, tsopano ndiyenera kulola nthawi yochulukirapo ndikuthana ndi zosokoneza zamtundu uliwonse ndikupita kumayiko ena, koma ndiyenera kuyendabe," adatero Bruce McIndoe, Purezidenti wa iJet Intelligent Risk Systems. "Woyenda bizinesi ayenera kuyamwa." Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ACTE wa oyang'anira maulendo 200, 92 peresenti ya omwe adafunsidwa adanena kuti sipanakhalepo zopempha zolepheretsedwa kuchokera kwa apaulendo amakampani awo chifukwa chofuna kuukira. Makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi anayi mwa anthu 19 alionse ananena kuti sanakambirane ndi oyang'anira zachitetezo amakampani awo kapenanso kusintha malamulo oyendera; 2 peresenti adati zokambirana zoterezi zidachitika koma palibe kusintha kwa mfundo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa; ndipo XNUMX peresenti adanena kuti anali ndi zokambirana zoterozo ndipo adasintha ndondomeko.

Kafukufuku wa NBTA wa oyang'anira maulendo 152 - omwe adapeza kuti 81 peresenti ya omwe adafunsidwa adati makampani awo sangachepetse kuyenda chifukwa cha zomwe zidachitika pa Khrisimasi - adafunsa omwe adayankha ngati malangizo atsopano otetezedwa ndi TSA adadzutsa "nkhawa yatsopano yokhudzana ndi kusavuta. kapena kuyenda bwino kwa ndege.” Maperesenti makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu anati “ayi”; 36 peresenti anati “inde.” Malinga ndi mkulu wa bungwe la NBTA a Michael McCormick, "Anthu omwe amayendera mabizinesi akudziwa kuti kusinthidwa kachitidwe nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuthana ndi vuto lachitetezo, ndipo malamulo atsopano amayembekezeredwa ndikutsatiridwa malinga ngati oyenda m'mabizinesi afika komwe akuyenera kukhala bwino komanso motetezeka. .” "Zomwe oyang'anira apaulendo akuchita pompano ndikukambirana ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu ndikulumikizana ndi apaulendo amakampani awo," adawonjezera Purezidenti wa NBTA Craig Banikowski. Koma McIndoe wa iJet adati ngakhale kudziwitsa apaulendo za malamulo ndi zofunikira zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse ndi cholinga choyenera, "timagwira ntchito 24/7 ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri." Malinga ndi zomwe ogulitsa, McIndoe adati ndege zimakumana ndi "vuto lothandizira makasitomala. Ayenera kufikira anthu ambiri oyenda mabizinesi. Ndiwo omwe akuyenera kuwongolera kudutsa bwalo la ndege kwa makasitomala awo abwino kwambiri [powapatsa mwayi wapamwamba womwe umawapatsa mwayi wopeza njira zachitetezo patsogolo], ndipo ambiri akutero. ” McIndoe ananenanso kuti ACTE, NBTA ndi gulu lonse la anthu oyenda paulendo akuyenera kumveketsa bwino za chitetezo cha ndege. “Ayenera kunena kuti, ‘Ndife amene timalipira ngongole za zinthu zonsezi. Kodi tikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mwanzeru pazinthu zinazi?' ” adatero. "Anthu akutaya chikhulupiriro m'dongosololi akaona zolephera zazikulu zaka 10 kupita ku 2001." Kusanthula Thupi Lonse Mwachitsanzo, McIndoe adalimbikitsa kuti TSA ndi US Customs and Border Protection awonetsetse kuti akugula ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waposachedwa (m'malo mwa makina ojambulira matupi omwe sakanazindikira kuphulika komwe kunachitika ku Northwest jet pa Tsiku la Khrisimasi) ndikugwiritsa ntchito. m'njira "yolingalira," yolunjika. "Ndine wochirikiza mbiri yachitetezo kwa apaulendo," adatero McIndoe, "koma kutengera zinthu zomwe siziyenera kukhala zamtundu, fuko komanso zipembedzo. [Amene akuti waukira pa Tsiku la Khrisimasi] adalipira ndalama, sananyamule katundu, [poyamba] anachokera ku bwalo la ndege ndi chitetezo chochepa, ndi zina zotero. Koma sindikuwona chilichonse mwa zokambiranazi zikuchitika. M'malo mwake, ndikuwona [TSA] ikugula zida zingapo kuti ziwonekere m'malo molimbitsa chitetezo pabwalo la ndege. ”

Kugwera m'gulu la makina ojambulira thupi lonse (kapena kujambula thupi lonse), zida zotere zimapangidwira kuzindikira zinthu zoopsa zomwe sizikanawululidwa ndi zowunikira zitsulo zodziwika bwino. Ku United States, TSA ikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya makina ojambulira thupi lonse: “ukadaulo wa ma millimeter wave” womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi “otsika” komanso “ukadaulo wa backscatter” womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray “otsika”, malinga ndi TSA.

Zida zambiri zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'ma eyapoti 19 aku US, malinga ndi TSA. Koma ngakhale pali mwayi woti apaulendo ambiri agoneke m'malo modutsa pazithunzi za thupi, ukadaulowu wadzudzula kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kuphwanya zinsinsi komanso mafunso ena okhudzana ndi thanzi lochokera ku X-ray ndi ma radiation ena.

"Tiyenera kuyang'ana pa kafukufuku wozikidwa pa umboni, wolunjika komanso wokhazikika pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi kukayikirana kwa munthu payekha, zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi zomwe timayendera komanso zothandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi kusokoneza chuma ku dongosolo la kukayikira kwakukulu," malinga ndi mawu a Jan. 4. Izi zidanenedwa ndi phungu wa chitetezo cha dziko la American Civil Liberties Union a Michael German. Potchula “akatswiri a chitetezo,” German anawonjezera kuti mabomba amene ankaphulika pa Tsiku la Khrisimasi “sakanadziwika ndi makina ojambulira thupi. Sitiyenera kutaya ufulu wathu mosasamala chifukwa chodziona ngati otetezeka, ndipo tiyenera kuopa kugulitsidwa chipangizo chomwe chimaperekedwa ngati chochiza, makamaka ngati umboni ukuwonetsa zosiyana. "

Ena apaulendo pafupipafupi omwe amathirira ndemanga pama board a mauthenga monga FlyerTalk, komanso malipoti angapo atolankhani, anena zakusokonekera pazomwe zingakhudze thanzi. Malinga ndi Webusayiti ya TSA, “mphamvu zomwe zimaonedwa ndi ukadaulo wa ma millimeter wave ndizocheperako kuwirikiza ka 10,000 poyerekeza ndi mafoni am'manja. Ukatswiri wa Backscatter umagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yotsika, ndipo sikani imodzi yokha ndi yofanana ndi mphindi ziwiri za kuwuluka pandege.”

Bungwe la American College of Radiology mwezi uno linanena kuti “wokwera ndege amene akuuluka m’mayiko ena amakumana ndi ma radiation ochuluka a ndegeyo kusiyana ndi kuonetsedwa ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zimenezi. ACR sadziwa umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti ukadaulo wina wojambulira womwe TSA ikuwaganizira ungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu zamoyo kwa okwera omwe ayesedwa. " Ngakhale adanena kuti "palibe sayansi yotsimikizika" yotsimikizira kuti makina ojambulira thupi lonse ndi otetezeka kapena osatetezeka mwanjira ina iliyonse, McIndoe wa iJet adati, "Chofunikira ndichakuti palibe amene amayenda mokwanira kuti apeze mawonekedwe. moyo wawo umene [ukanakhala wovulaza]. Makampani adzawona kuti boma liri ndi udindo wa machenjezo aliwonse a zaumoyo omwe ali oyenerera kuzungulira machitidwewa, okhudzana ndi pacemakers, kapena chirichonse chomwe chingavulazidwe, monga filimu yomwe imadutsa pamakina a X-ray. Makampani sawona izi ngati udindo wawo. ”

ACTE, NBTA ndi Air Line Pilots Association sanayankhe pempho loti adziwe ngati adafufuza zomwe zingakhudze thanzi la anthu omwe akuyenda pafupipafupi pa makina ojambulira thupi. Malinga ndi ACTE, 62 peresenti ya omwe anafunsidwa adanena kuti amakhulupirira kuti makina ojambulira thupi lonse "adzasintha" chitetezo cha maulendo a ndege, ndi ena 28 peresenti akunena kuti amakhulupirira kuti zipangizozo "zidzasintha kwambiri" chitetezo. Atafunsidwa ngati oyenda m’makampani awo amakana kusanthula thupi lonse, 13 peresenti anayankha kuti “inde” ndipo 53 peresenti anati “ena angatero.” 2008 peresenti anati “ayi,” ena onse anali osatsimikiza. Zipangizo Zina Zowunikira Zikubwera Malinga ndi zomwe zidatumizidwa mu 98 kubulogu ya TSA, zithunzi zopangidwa ndi makina ojambulira thupi lonse "ndi ochezeka kuti atumize kusukulu ya pulayimale. Hei, imatha kupanga chivundikiro cha Reader's Digest osakhumudwitsa aliyense." Komanso, anthu amene amaona zithunzi zopangidwa ndi makina ojambulira thupi “samuonanso wokwera,” malinga ndi Webusaiti ya TSA. Zipangizozi “zimabisa nkhope zonse” komanso “sizingathe kusunga, kusindikiza, kutumiza kapena kusunga chithunzicho.” TSA inanenanso kuti "opitilira 5 peresenti ya okwera omwe amakumana ndi ukadaulo woyendetsa ndege wa TSA amakonda kuposa njira zina zowonera." Makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu mwa akuluakulu aku US omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku wa Jan. 6-XNUMX USA Today/Gallup adati amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira thupi lonse.

Bungwe la Los Angeles Business Travel Association linati “kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa umisiri wosanthula thupi lonse m’mabwalo a ndege padziko lonse lapansi,” linanena kuti kutumizidwa koteroko “mwachiwonekere kudzafulumizitsa njira yachitetezo mwa kuthetsa kufunika kokhuthula m’thumba.” Ku United States, ma scanner amagwira ntchito ngati zowonera pa eyapoti ku Albuquerque, NM, Las Vegas, Miami, Salt Lake City, San Francisco ndi Tulsa, Okla., Ndi "kuwunika kwachiwiri, kapena mwachisawawa, ngati njira ina pa ma eyapoti 13,” malinga ndi Webusaiti ya TSA.

TSA-akadali opanda mtsogoleri pomwe bungwe la US Congress likuwona wosankhidwa ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama, Erroll Southers- "akukonzekera kutumiza mayunitsi owonjezera 300 mu 2010," malinga ndi US department of Homeland Security. Izi ndi zina mwa zomwe a Obama sabata yatha adazifotokoza ngati ndalama za "$ 1 biliyoni" pachitetezo chandege, kuphatikizanso matekinoloje owunikira katundu ndi zina zowonjezera zozindikira kuphulika.

Komiti ya Senate ya US Homeland Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee pa Jan. 20 ikukonzekera kuitanitsa msonkhano wokhudza chitetezo cha ndege. "N'chifukwa chiyani anthu okwera ndege omwe amapita ku United States sayang'aniridwa ndi zigawenga zambiri, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani palibe teknoloji yofufuza thupi lonse yomwe imatha kuzindikira mabomba omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?" adafunsa wapampando wa komiti Joe Lieberman, ID-Conn., M'mawu okonzekera.

Kwina konse, nduna ya zamayendedwe ku Canada a John Baird adati makina ojambulira thupi lonse ayikidwa "m'ma eyapoti akuluakulu aku Canada" mwezi uno, malinga ndi zomwe zidakonzedwa. Boma la Canada nalonso “posachedwapa lipereka pempho loti anthu azitha kuyang’anira mmene anthu akuyendera (zokhudza anthu amene akusonyeza khalidwe lowakayikira) m’mabwalo a ndege akuluakulu ku Canada.”

Malinga ndi malipoti ofalitsidwa, Britain idzatumizanso makina ojambulira thupi. Nduna ya Zam'kati Alan Johnson adauza Nyumba Yamalamulo kuti zidazi ziyikidwa pabwalo la ndege la London Heathrow mwezi usanathe ndiyeno "zidzadziwika kwambiri," malinga ndi a Reuters.

Purezidenti wa ku France Nicolas Sarkozy, panthawiyi, "alamula kuti afufuze momwe angagwiritsire ntchito makina ojambulira thupi lonse m'mabwalo a ndege a ku France" malinga ndi Associated Press. Ku Netherlands, "Mtumiki wa Zachilungamo adasankha ... Kuwonjezera pa njira zatsopano zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale, Mlembi wa DHS Janet Napolitano adalengeza mgwirizano pakati pa DHS ndi Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku United States "kuti apange matekinoloje atsopano komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri kuti athetsere ndi kusokoneza ziopsezo zomwe zimadziwika komanso kuyembekezera mwachidwi ndi kuteteza ku njira zatsopano zomwe zigawenga zingagwiritsire ntchito. kufunafuna kukwera ndege."

Napolitano mwezi uno apita ku Spain ndi Switzerland kukakumana ndi anzawo aku Europe komanso atsogoleri amakampani oyendetsa ndege "msonkhano woyamba wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe cholinga chake ndi kubweretsa mgwirizano waukulu pamiyezo ndi njira zatsopano zachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi," malinga ndi DHS.

Napolitano adatumizanso akuluakulu ena a DHS "pa ntchito yofikira mayiko osiyanasiyana kukakumana ndi atsogoleri ochokera ku eyapoti yayikulu yapadziko lonse lapansi ku Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East ndi South America kuti awonenso njira zachitetezo ndiukadaulo womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito powunika anthu omwe akupita ku US. ndege."