Hawaii yaukiridwa kwenikweni m'mawa uno. Izi zinali zowona ngakhale chenjezo ladzidzidzi litachotsedwa ndipo palibe bomba lomwe lidagunda Aloha Boma. Kunali kwenikweni kudzuka kwa alendo komanso okhalamo mofananamo. Zomwe anthu adaganizira pafupifupi ola limodzi zakumapeto kwawo zinali zowawa zomwe alendo ambiri amakumbukira pomwe amasungitsa ulendo wotsatira waku Hawaii kwa nthawi yayitali. Sikunali kubowola.
Uthengawu wabodza mwadzidzidzi udalangiza munthu aliyense ku Hawaii kuti apeze pogona.
Panalibe chilichonse chofotokozedwa kuti ndi pati kapena motani kapena motani?
Zinadzetsa mantha pakati pa alendo komanso anthu wamba osadziwa choti achite, ambiri amatcha akazi awo, amuna awo, makolo awo, alongo awo, ana awo aamuna ndi aakazi kuti awauze kuti amawakonda.
Loweruka m'mawa linali lowopsa kwa aliyense ku Hawaii ndipo zinali zosafunikira. Palibe chowiringula kuti wina athe kukanikiza batani lolakwika. Kupepesa kwa kazembeyo kunali koseketsa ngati sizinali zovuta kwenikweni.
Palibe chowiringula kuti zinali zosatheka ku Hawaii kuyimba 911 kwa mphindi zopitilira 40 kuchokera pama foni am'manja komanso mafoni ambiri anyumba kapena ofesi.
Payenera kuti panali pulani yachiwiri yowonetsetsa kuti mayankho azadzidzidzi amayankhidwa. Zojambula zosavuta kunena kuti palibe chowopseza ndikukhalabe pamzere pazadzidzidzi zina zonse zikadachita.
Washington DC, likulu ladziko lino lili ndi pulani yake ngati zida zanyukiliya zidzagwere United States. Dinani apa kuti muwerenge tsatanetsatane (PDF)
Werengani malangizowo m'malo mwa Federal Government
Otsatirawa adakhazikitsidwa posanthula kwaposachedwa komanso ku US Federal Guidance yaposachedwa ndipo imagwira ntchito pakawonedwe ka IND kulikonse. Gawo lotsatirali likufotokoza mayankho am'madera ena kuti athandizire kukhazikitsa upangiri potengera kusanthula kwaumboni wa 10-kT IND mu NCR. Maupangiri owoneka bwino komanso chidziwitso pakuyankha ku IND chasindikizidwa posachedwa ndi boma la Federal, makhonsolo asayansi adziko lonse, ndi mabungwe ena monga tafotokozera m'ndime zotsatirazi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa pazaka zingapo zapitazi athandizanso kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu njira zoyenera kuti anthu komanso omwe akuyankha atengepo zida zanyukiliya. Zambiri mwa kafukufukuyu posachedwapa zafotokozedwa mu National Academies Bridge Journal on Nuclear Danger, zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazolemba zomwe zilipo. Malangizo a Federal Planning for Response to a Nuclear Detonation adapangidwa ndi komiti yopanga ma interagency Federal motsogozedwa ndi Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2nd Ed, June 2010 (EOP, 2010).
Chikalatachi chogwirizana chothandizirana chimapereka chidziwitso chazambiri pazomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa zida za nyukiliya komanso malingaliro oyankha. Kutanthauzira kwake kwakanthawi (kuwonongeka ndi kugwa) ndiye muyezo wakukonzekera mayankho ndipo akuyenera kuphatikizidwa munthawi iliyonse yokonzekera. Lipoti la National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) nambala 165, Poyankha Zochitika pa Radiological kapena Nuclear Terrorism: Buku Lopangira Opanga Zisankho, lidatulutsidwa mu February 2011 ndipo ndi muyezo wadziko lonse womwe umapereka sayansi ndikumanga pazambiri malingaliro a Chitsogozo cha Kupanga. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zaumoyo wa anthu, mtundu wonse wa magazini ya Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness udaperekedwa pazinthu zathanzi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi uchigawenga wanyukiliya. Zolemba zonse zilipo kutsitsa kwaulere. Zinthu Zofunikira Pakukonzekera Kuyankha Pambuyo pa Zida Zaukazitape zopangidwa ndi Lawrence Livermore National Laborator pochirikiza kukonzekera kwa DHS kudatulutsidwa mu 2009.
Njira ya DHS Yowonjezera Kuyankha Kwadziko ndi Kubwezeretsa ku IND Attack, Epulo 2010, ikuphwanya ntchito yoyeserera yoyankha yoyankha ya IND mpaka m'magulu 7 othekera ndi zolinga zothandizira. Uwu ukhoza kukhala chikalata chofunikira kwambiri chotsogoza mapulani a boma ndi zigawo popeza ntchito zambiri zapita kale pakukwaniritsa zofunikira za Ziphunzitso / Mapulani, Gulu, Maphunziro, Materiel, Utsogoleri, Ogwira Ntchito, Maofesi, ndi Malamulo / Maulamuliro / Zothandizira / Miyezo.
“Chikalatachi ndi chongogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma chokha ndipo chitha kupezeka pa Improvised Nuclear Devices Channel of the Lessons Learned Information System (www.lambula.ll). Zofunika Kwambiri Kuyankha Pagulu Kukuwala kowala komwe kumawoneka kwa mazana mamailo kumatha kupangitsa khungu ambiri mwa iwo omwe ali panja ngakhale mamailosi kuchokera kuphulika kwa nyukiliya. Kuphulikako kumatha kusandutsa milatho ingapo yamizinda kukhala mabwinja ndipo kumatha kuswa magalasi mtunda wopitilira 10 mamailo. Fumbi ndi zinyalala zitha kusokoneza mpweya kwa mtunda wamakilomita, ndipo kugwa komwe kumapangitsa ma radiation kukhala owopsa kwa akunja kugwa m'deralo mpaka makilomita 20 kutsika. Poyamba zidzakhala zovuta kwa iwo omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko. Patsiku loyera, mtambo wa bowa umatha kuwonekera patali, koma mtengowo sukhala ndi mawonekedwe opitilira mphindi zochepa ndipo uchotsedwa pamalowo mwanjira imodzi kapena zingapo m'maola oyamba
. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopulumutsa moyo kwa anthu ndi omwe akuyankha ndikufunafuna malo ogona osachepera ola limodzi loyamba. Zomwe takambirana mu chikalata ichi ndiimodzi mwazinthu zingapo zomwe zingagwere, zokolola, ndi malo ophulitsira. Ndikofunikira kuti musakonzekere zochitika zina, koma kuti mukonzekere kukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu mosasamala za zomwe zakwaniritsidwa.
Tsoka ilo, nzeru zathu zitha kukhala mdani wathu woyipitsitsa. Kuwala kwamphamvu kwa ziwombankhanga kudzawonekera ponseponse m'chigawochi ndipo kumatha kupangitsa anthu kuyandikira pazenera kuti awone zomwe zikuchitika monga momwe funde liphulika likuswa zenera.
Kwa kuphulika kwa 10-kT, galasi likhoza kuthyoledwa ndi mphamvu yokwanira kuvulaza mpaka ma 3 mamail ndipo limatha kutenga masekondi opitilira 10 kuti lifike pamtunduwu. Chikhumbo china chofuna kuthana ndi chikhumbo chothawa (kapena choipirapo, kuthamangira kumalo olumikizana ndi abale anu), zomwe zimatha kuyika anthu panja m'mphindi ndi maora oyamba pomwe kuwonekera kwakukulu kuli kwakukulu.
Omwe ali panja kapena pagalimoto sangatetezedwe pang'ono kuchokera ku cheza cholowa chomwe chimabwera chifukwa chodutsika chifukwa chimadzikundikira padenga ndi pansi. Kukhala pogona ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu onse mkati mwa galasi losweka ndi malo owonongeka, omwe amatha kutalika ma kilomita angapo kuchokera kuphulika. Pali mwayi kuti magawo ambiri amderali sangakhudzidwe ndi kugwa; komabe, sizingatheke kusiyanitsa pakati pa utsi wa radioactive ndi nonradioactive, fumbi, ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chochitikacho (onani Chithunzi 5). Milingo yomwe ingakhale yowopsa ikhoza kuyamba kugwa mphindi zochepa.
Anthu akunja akuyenera kufunafuna malo okhala pafupi. Pokhapokha ngati nyumbayo sili pachiwopsezo cha kugwa kapena moto, iwo m'nyumba ayenera kukhala mkati ndikusunthira pansi pansi (mwachitsanzo, m'chipinda chapansi chapansi kapena pagalimoto yapansi panthaka) kapena pakatikati pa konkriti yanyumba zingapo kapena nyumba ya njerwa.
Anthu omwe ali munyumba zomwe ziwopsezedwa ndi kugwa kapena moto, kapena zomwe zili zowoneka bwino (mwachitsanzo, nyumba zosanjikiza zopanda zipinda zapansi) ayenera kulingalira zosamukira kumalo oyandikana nawo kapena subway. Magalasi, zinthu zosowa pokhala, ndi zinyalala mumayendedwe ndi misewu zimapangitsa kuyenda kovuta. Kusiya malowo kumangoganiziridwa ngati malowo amakhala osatetezeka chifukwa chamoto kapena zoopsa zina, kapena ngati akuluakulu amderalo anena kuti ndi bwino kusuntha Kuyesayesa kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti avulaze ovulala kudzera mu chithandizo choyamba ndi chitonthozo pomwe ali pobisalira. Ngakhale kudikirira maola ochepa musanalandire chithandizo kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonekera.
Kugwa kumayendetsedwa ndi mphepo yam'mlengalenga yomwe imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mphepo zam'mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri kuposa ma 100 mamailosi pa ola limodzi. Kunja kwa malo a mawindo osweka, anthu ayenera kukhala ndi mphindi 10 asanafike kugwa kwa zokolola zazikulu za multikiloton. Ngati kuphulika kukanachitika masana patsiku lopanda mitambo, mtambowo ungawonekere patali, ngakhale kulondola kolondola kungakhale kovuta pamene mtambowo ukukwera ndikupitilira mbali zingapo. Malinga ndi momwe mlengalenga mulili sikubisa kuwonekera, magwero owopsa amagwa mosavuta ngati tinthu tomwe tikugwa. Anthu akuyenera kulowa m'nyumba nthawi yomweyo ngati mchenga, phulusa, kapena mvula yamitundu yayamba kugwa mdera lawo.
Pa mtunda wa makilomita 20, kuchedwa pakati pa kuphulika ndi "sonic boom" kophulika kungapitirire mphindi 1.5. Pamalo amenewa, sizokayikitsa kuti kugwa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a radiation, ngakhale kuwonekera panja kuyenera kupewedwabe kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha khansa yayitali. Anthu pagulu ili ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi, mwina mphindi 20 kapena kupitilira apo, kukonzekera. Choyamba chiyenera kukhala kupeza malo abwino okwanira. Anthu akuyenera kuzindikira malo abwino okhala mnyumbayi, kapena ngati nyumbayo ili ndi malo osakwanira, lingalirani zosamukira kumalo abwino ngati pali nyumba yayikulu yolimba yomwe ili pafupi.
Pambuyo poti nyumbayo itetezedwe, chidwi chitha kupezedwa pogona monga mabatire, wailesi, chakudya, madzi, mankhwala, zofunda, ndi chimbudzi. Ngakhale misewu ikhoza kukhala yosadetsedwa pamalopo (~ 20 miles), kuthekera kosunthira anthu ambiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo kugwa kusanachitike ndizokayikitsa kwambiri, ndipo omwe ali pamsewu panjira sangatetezedwe pang'ono kuti asakwere.
Dinani apa kuti muwerenge zambiri. (PDF)
