Kodi Port Wine ndi chiyani

Nthaka ndi mphesa zophatikizidwa ndi luso la Oporto vintners mu kusakaniza, kupanga mavinyo wa mawonekedwe apadera okhala ndi zokometsera zapadera. Derali limayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa ndi malamulo a Chipwitikizi.

Red Port

Tawny. Doko la Tawny ndi losakanikirana ndipo limakhwima mu mbiya (migolo yamatabwa), kusintha mtundu wake kuti apange kusakaniza kwa mtedza ndi zokometsera za zipatso zomwe zimakonzedwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Madoko ambiri a tawny amagawidwa ngati premium ndipo amatha kukalamba kwa zaka zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azimva kukoma.

Pa gwero. Vinyo wofiira amapanga maziko a madoko ambiri. Vinyo wofiira ali ndi antioxidant resveratrol yoteteza mtima. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti khansa, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda a Alzheimer's amatha kupewedwa pogwiritsa ntchito resveratrol antioxidant ndi anti-inflammatory properties komanso ndi yabwino kwa nyamakazi, kutupa khungu komanso kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zimalimbikitsidwanso pa thanzi la thupi ndi maganizo, kuchepa thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa m'mimba, kuwongolera mlingo wa kolesterolini ndikulimbikitsa thanzi labwino la maganizo. Makhalidwe azachipatala apangitsa ogula kuchoka ku mizimu yolimba kupita ku mowa wopepuka. Mapindu azaumoyo akuyembekezeka kukulitsa kukula kwa msika chifukwa pali zokonda pakati pa mibadwo yachichepere yamavinyo apamwamba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito payekha komanso mphatso zomwe zikuwonjezera kukula kwa msika.

Mliri wa coronavirus ku Spain ndi ku Europe konse udadzetsa kumwa vinyo wa ku Port chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, mapindu ake azaumoyo, komanso acidity yochepa poyerekeza ndi kachasu kapena mowa. Vinyo wa kudoko ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amapezeka ngati mabulosi akukuda ndi rasipiberi, sinamoni, caramel, ndi chokoleti.

Doko loyera

White Port nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zoyera kuphatikiza Esgana Cao (Sercial) ndi Malvasia Fina. Kuphatikizikako kumayendetsedwa ndi Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto. Njira yopanga ikufanana ndi Port yofiira; komabe, nthawi ya maceration ndi yayifupi. Kuwira kwa mowa kumamangidwa mwa kuyambitsa mzimu wamphesa wauchete wa pafupifupi 77 peresenti ya mowa ndi voliyumu. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti kulimbikitsa, imapangitsa kuti pakhale vinyo wosanjikiza wokhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso mowa wambiri.

Doko loyera limatha kuwonetsa mtundu wagolide ndipo limatulutsa kununkhira kwa uchi ndi mtedza wokhala ndi acidity yochepa komanso kukoma koyambira kouma mpaka kutsekemera kwathunthu. Madoko okoma (lagrima= misozi) amafufuzidwa mu akasinja (nthawi zina matabwa kuti apereke mtundu ndi zovuta).

White Port iyenera kutumizidwa kuzizira mu galasi la vinyo woyera kapena kusakaniza magawo ofanana a Port woyera ndi tonic kapena madzi a soda mu galasi lodyera ndi laimu wedge. Ndiwoyenera kwa sangria pamene chipatsocho chimayikidwa mu Port woyera musanasakanizidwe ndi botolo la vinyo woyera. Osatsegulidwa, Port woyera adzasunga kwa zaka; ikatsegulidwa, ikani mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi.

Kupangidwa

Aroma akuganiziridwa kuti adapanga vinyo mkati Portugal atawoloka mtsinje wa Douro (137 BC) kuti akagonjetse Aselote omwe nthawi imeneyo ankatchedwa Lusitania. Kubzala minda yamphesa kwambiri ku Alto Douro kumachokera ku zoyesayesa za Mfumu Denis m'zaka za zana la 14 kulimbikitsa ulimi m'derali. Kupanga vinyo kunakula kuthokoza a British ndipo adapereka mwayi wapadera wamalonda panthawi yomwe dziko la Spain lidazindikira ufulu wa Portugal pansi pa Pangano la 1668 la Lisbon.

The British anawonjezera ake zokonda za vinyo ku Portugal atangoyamba kubwereketsa ntchito zolemetsa kenako kuletsa vinyo wa ku France kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600 potsatira mfundo zachitetezo za Louis XIV. Pamene a British adachulukitsa malonda awo, adayamba kuyesa zowonjezera ku vinyo wa Chipwitikizi. Abbot ku nyumba ya amonke ya Larnego anawonjezera burande kuti asiye kuwira pamene amasintha shuga kukhala mowa. Pomanga njirayi, Port amasunga kutsekemera pamene burande imalimbitsa mowa.

The Methuen Treaty (1703) idachulukitsa ku Britain kutulutsa vinyo wa Chipwitikizi pochepetsa udindo wa vinyowa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimayesedwa pa vinyo wa ku France. Kumwa Port kudakhala chifukwa chokonda dziko la Britain kubwezera ku France.

Dr. Samuel Johnson, “Claret ndi mowa wa anyamata: port for the men…” (Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791, Vol III), ndi wolemba ndakatulo Jonathan Swift (zaka za zana la 18) amadziwika potsimikiza kuti, “Molimba mtima nyozani shampeni pa khoti. Ndipo sankhani kudya kunyumba ndi doko. ” Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, a British anali kuitanitsa madoko kuwirikiza katatu kuposa masiku ano, ngakhale kuti anthu a ku UK tsopano achuluka kwambiri.

Zowopsa

Dera la Alto Douro kumpoto kwa dziko la Portugal lili ndi nyengo, nthaka, ndi mmene mphesa zimapangidwira kuti apange vinyo wa ku Port. Kutentha kwanyengo, kuyambira nthawi yotentha mpaka nyengo yozizira, kuphatikiza dothi lamiyala kumapangitsa kuti mphesa zikhale zokometsera kwambiri zomwe zimapatsa chidwi chapadera komanso chosaiwalika ku Port. Pansi pa nthaka yofewa, yokhala ndi miyala ya phosphate (schist) yomwe masitepewo amasema, pali thanthwe lolimba lachiphalaphala. Chimvula champhamvu chikawomba m’derali, mabwalo ang’onoang’ono a madigiri 70 omangidwa m’mbali mwa chigwacho amathandiza kuti vinyo asakokoloke. Madzi amalowa mu schist kuti asonkhane pamwamba pa thanthwe lomwe silinabowole, ndikupanga nkhokwe yamadzi yomwe mipesa ndi mizu imathiramo m'nyengo yachilimwe. Mapiri ozungulira a Maro ndi Alvao e Montemuro amateteza minda ya mpesa ku mphepo yamphamvu yochokera ku nyanja ya Atlantic.

Ndani Amamwa Port?

Ogula ambiri ali ndi zaka 50-55. Ngakhale mutakhala pa bar kwanuko (ku USA) kwa masiku / masabata kumapeto, simungathe kuwona anthu ambiri akumwa padoko popeza ogula ambiri ali ku Europe komanso otchuka ku UK.

Mu 2020, msika wa vinyo wapadziko lonse lapansi udali wamtengo wapatali $942.02 miliyoni ndipo ukuyembekezeka kufika $1371.26 miliyoni pofika 2030 ukuwonjezeka pa CAGR ya 4.26 peresenti kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030. gawo ili likuyembekezeka kusungabe ulamuliro wake mpaka 2020.

Port Wine Institute Imayang'anira Kupanga

Mayiko motsogozedwa ndi malamulo a European Union amawona kuti mavinyo achipwitikizi okha ochokera kudera lachigawo la Douro ali ndi ufulu wolembedwa kuti PORT ngati njira yotetezera kufunikira kwachikhalidwe komanso chuma cha malonda ndi dera. Nthawi zambiri, amatumikiridwa ngati digestif, mukatha chakudya kutsagana ndi zokometsera za tchizi ndi mtedza ndi/kapena chokoleti ngakhale Port yonyezimira komanso yoyera imaperekedwanso ngati chowombera, musanadye.

Kuwongolera mtundu wa Port, Port Wine Institute imayang'anira kupanga:

1. Vinyo ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zomwe zimabzalidwa m'chigawo cha Douro (dera la vinyo lakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (1756) monga momwe adakhazikitsira mgwirizano wachifumu pamene Marquis do Pombal anali nduna yaikulu. .

2. Mphesa ziyenera kukhala kuchokera pamndandanda wa mitundu 15 yofiira ndi 14 yoyera ndipo imalimbikitsidwa, kuvomerezedwa, kapena kuvomerezedwa kwakanthawi ndikuphatikiza: Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Donzelinho, ndi Gouveio (yoyera). Tinta Baroca, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cao, Touriga Francesa and Touriga Nacional (red). Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: Mouriscos, Tintas, Tourigam yofiira; Malvasia Fina kwa oyera.

3. Ayenera kukhala ndi mowa wa 19-27 peresenti ya voliyumu, kupatula mitundu yowuma, yoyera yoyera yomwe ingakhale ndi osachepera 16.5 peresenti. Kuti tikwaniritse izi, kuwonjezera kwa burande kumayikidwa pa chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi 1/5 cha voliyumu ya ayenera, kapena malita 115 a burande mpaka malita 435 a ayenera.

4. Madoko ofiira amagawidwa ngati: mpesa, ruby (wofiira), wonyezimira, wonyezimira wapakati, ndi wonyezimira wopepuka.

5. Zoyera zimatchedwa: zoyera zotumbululuka, zoyera ngati udzu, kapena zoyera zagolide

6. Kutsekemera: kokoma kwambiri, kokoma, kuuma, kuuma, kuuma kwambiri

7. Doko likhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi munda wamphesa (quinta) womwe unaupanga

Odziwika Port Wines

1. Kope.

Banja la Kopke linachokera ku Hamburg, Germany akufika ku Lisbon, Portugal ku 1638. Christiano Kopke anayamba ntchito yake monga wamalonda ndi wogulitsa kunja kwa zinthu za Chipwitikizi ku Porto. Vinyo (aka Portwine) atazindikirika, Nyumba ya Kopke (kampani yakale kwambiri yogulitsa kunja kwa Portwine) idakhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri pantchitoyi.

Mu June 2006, Kopke adakhala m'gulu la Sogevinus. Gonzalo Pedrosa ndi Pania Oliveira ali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kugulitsa vinyo wa Douro DOC (kuphatikizapo Kopke, Casa Burmester, etc.) - vinyo wabwino wa Port ndikugogomezera pa Colheita Ports yamtengo wapatali. Mtsogoleri pamsika wa Chipwitikizi wa vinyo wa ku Port, Gulu la Sogevinus ndilofunika kupanga mabotolo 8.25 miliyoni, ndi mabotolo 7.05 miliyoni a vinyo wa Port okha. Gululi limatumiza 60 peresenti ya vinyo wawo wonse kumayiko opitilira 60. Misika yayikulu ikuphatikiza Netherlands, France, US, UK, ndi Denmark. Malo awo akuphatikiza maekala 88g a munda wamphesa ndi mitengo yazipatso m'chigawo cha Douro.

• Colheita White 2003 (yotsekedwa mu 2021)

Mfundo.

Port woyera wazaka 30 anali wokalamba kwa zaka 30 m'matumba a oak okoma. Amber mtundu wa diso; kutsekemera kopepuka kumphuno ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka uchi ndi uchi, yamatcheri mumadzimadzi, ndi molasses. Pa mkamwa zouma zipatso zouma, marzipan, lalanje marmalade, lalanje zest, zonunkhira (tsabola ndi ginger). Kutha kwa nkhani yokoma iyi (20% abv)? Malingaliro a mphesa zoumba, nkhuyu, marzipan, ndi amondi.

Kutumikira chilled ngati aperitif ndi wophatikizidwa ndi foie gras. Zabwino kuphatikiza ndi bowa risotto. Monga zokometsera zokometsera, gulu lomwe lili ndi zokometsera zokometsera za apulosi kapena crispy crepe.

• Kopke Colheita Port 2002

Mitundu yofiira yamtundu wa Douro yomwe imabzalidwa pa dothi la schist-sandstone pamtunda wa mamita 600, Colheitas amapangidwa kuchokera kukolola kamodzi ndipo amakalamba mu migolo ya oak kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana koma osachepera zaka 7. Zoikidwa m'mabotolo monga momwe msika umanenera.

Mfundo.

Brown ndi zowoneka zofiira kwa diso; mphuno imapeza matcheri, nkhuni, zipatso zouma, tofi, mapeyala a citrus, nkhuyu, prunes, ndi sinamoni. Chipatso cha medley chimasangalatsa mkamwa ndikuwongolera kumalizidwa kokoma pang'ono komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi acidity yayikulu komanso minerality.