Kubwezeretsa pamndandanda wa No Fly: Kodi oyang'anira mabungwe ali ndi mlandu?

Munkhani yamalamulo apaulendo, tawunika mlandu wa Tanvir v. Tanzin, Docket No. 16-1176 (2d. Cir. Meyi 2, 2018) "madandaulowo akuti, mwazina, kuti pobwezera Plaintiffs kuti akukana odziwitsa, oyang'anira mabungwe osayenerera osunga kapena kusunga mayina a Otsutsa pa 'No Fly List', kuphwanya ufulu wa a Plaintiffs pansi pa First Amendment ndi Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 USC 2000bb et seq. (RFRA). Madandaulowa adafunafuna (1) chisankho chokomera komanso chotsutsa onse omwe akuwatsutsa malinga ndi kuphwanya malamulo ndi malamulo, komanso (2) kuwalipitsa ndi kuwalanga kwa apolisi oyang'anira malamulowo chifukwa chophwanya ufulu wawo malinga ndi Lamulo Loyamba. ndi RFRA… Monga momwe zilili pano, khothi lachigawo linanena kuti RFRA siyilola kuti ndalama zowonongedwa motsutsana ndi maofesala aboma zigwirizane ndi aliyense payekha. Otsutsa amadandaula kutsata kwa RFRA kokha. Chifukwa sitikugwirizana ndi khothi lachigawo ndipo tikuganiza kuti RFRA ikuloleza wodandaula kuti alandire ndalama zomwe apolisi aboma adasuma pamlandu wawo chifukwa chophwanya chitetezo cha RFRA, tikubwezera chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo ".

Pankhani ya Tanvir, Khotilo lidati "Otsutsa ndi amuna aku Muslin omwe amakhala ku New York kapena ku Connecticut. Aliyense adabadwira kunja, adasamukira ku United States koyambirira kwa moyo wake, ndipo tsopano ali pano movomerezeka ngati nzika yaku US kapena wokhalitsa. Aliyense ali ndi banja lotsalira kutsidya kwa nyanja. Otsutsa akuti adafikiridwa ndi mabungwe aboma ndikupemphedwa kuti akhale akazitape a FBI. Makamaka, Plaintiffs adafunsidwa kuti atole zidziwitso za mamembala achisilamu ndikudziwitsa a FBI. Nthawi zina, pempho la FBI limaphatikizidwa ndi kukakamizidwa koopsa, kuphatikiza kuwopseza kuti athamangitsidwa kapena kumangidwa; mwa ena, pempholi lidatsagana ndi malonjezo azachuma komanso thandizo lina. Mosasamala kanthu za izi, odandaulawo adakana pempholo mobwerezabwereza, mwina motengera zomwe amakhulupirira.

Kulangidwa Osati Kudziwitsa

Poyankha kukana kumeneku, mabungwe abomawo adatsutsa Otsutsawo pa 'No Fly List' ngakhale kuti Plaintiffs 'sakuyimira, sanayesepo ndipo sanamunenepo kuti ndiwopseza, kuwopseza ku chitetezo cha ndege '. Malinga ndi Dandaulo, Otsutsawo adakakamiza odandaula kuti asankhe chosavomerezeka pakati, mbali imodzi, kumvera zikhulupiriro zawo zachipembedzo ndikulangidwa posungidwa kapena kusungidwa pa No Fly List, kapena mbali inayo, kuphwanya malamulo awo amakhulupirira zachipembedzo moona mtima kuti apewe kuyikidwa pa No Fly List kapena kuti atulutsidwe pa No Fly List '.

Zowononga Zolimbikitsidwa

"Otsutsa akuti vuto ili limawalemetsa kwambiri pakulambira kwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe Otsutsawo adachita zidapangitsa kuti a Plaintiffs azunzike, asokonezeke mbiri, ndikuwonongeka pachuma. Chifukwa cha zomwe Otsutsawo adachita ndikusunga Otsutsa pa 'No Fly List', a Plaintiffs adaletsedwa kuwuluka kwazaka zingapo. Kuletsa koteroko kunalepheretsa odandaula kuti azichezera abale awo akunja, zidapangitsa kuti Otsutsa ataya ndalama zomwe adalipira tikiti zandege, ndikulepheretsa mwayi waomwe odandaula kuti azikagwira ntchito ”.

“Palibe Mndandandanda”

"Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ndege zikhala zotetezeka, Congress idalamula a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) kuti akhazikitse njira zodziwitsira oyenerera oyenera kudziwika kuti ndi anthu ati omwe amadziwika kuti angadziwe, kapena omwe akuwakayikira kuti ali ndi chiwopsezo chobera ndege kapena uchigawenga kapena kuwopseza ku ndege kapena chitetezo cha okwera '. TSA idalangizidwanso kuti 'igwiritse ntchito zolembedwa zonse zomwe zili mgulu la zigawenga zophatikizidwa komanso zophatikizidwa zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa ndi Federal Government' kuti ichite ntchito zowunikira anthu asanachitike ... 'No Fly List' ndi amodzi mwa zigawenga ndipo ndi gawo limodzi yopangidwa ndikusamalidwa ndi Terrorist Screening Center (TSC), yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi FBI. Nawonso achichepere a TSC ali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza anthu omwe amadziwika kapena akukayikiridwa kuti akuchita nawo zigawenga. TSC imagawana mayina a anthu omwe ali pa 'No Fly List' ndi mabungwe azamalamulo aboma ndi boma, TSA, oyimira ndege komanso maboma akunja ogwirizana ".

Opaque & Miyezo Yotanthauzira

"Otsutsa akuti achitetezo omwe adatchulidwa mu madandaulo omwe adasinthidwawo" adagwiritsa ntchito zolemetsa zazikulu zomwe zidalembedwa ndi No Fly List, mawonekedwe ake osasunthika ndi miyezo yosafotokozedwa bwino, komanso kusowa kwa njira zake, pofuna kukakamiza odandaula kuti azichita ntchito yodziwitsa anzawo M'madera awo achisilamu aku America komanso malo opembedzerako. Atakanidwa, mabungwe abomawo 'adabwezera Otsutsa powayika kapena kuwasunga pa No Fly List' ”.

Lamulo Lobwezeretsa Ufulu Wachipembedzo

"RFRA ikuti 'Boma silingalemetse kwambiri anthu akamapembedza ngakhale atakhala kuti akukakamira chifukwa cha lamulo loti aliyense angathe' pokhapokha 'Boma' litha 'kuonetsa [] kuti katunduyo akukhudzidwa ndi munthu- (1) ndikupititsa patsogolo chidwi chamaboma; ndipo (2) ndiyo njira yochepetsetsa yopititsira patsogolo chidwi chaboma '… odandaula a RFRA kuti' apeze chithandizo choyenera kutsutsana ndi boma ... ndipo sichiphatikizapo 'Express [] chosonyeza [ion]' kuti ikuletsa kupezanso ndalama zowonongeka ... Poganizira cholinga cha RFRA chodzitetezera ku ufulu wachipembedzo… tikuganiza kuti RFRA imavomereza kupezanso ndalama zowonongedwa motsutsana ndi oyang'anira boma ".

Chitetezo Choyenera

"Pokhala ndi lingaliro kuti RFRA imavomereza wodandaula kuti asumire oyang'anira m'mabungwe awo kuti awononge ndalama, tilingalira ngati oyang'anirawo ayenera kutetezedwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira ... Apa, chigamulo cha khothi lachigawo pansipa sichinayankhe ngati omwe akuwatsutsa ali ndi ufulu wolandila chitetezo ... Pakalibe mbiri yotukuka kwambiri, timakana kuyankha kaye ngati Otsutsa ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Tikubwerera ku khothi lachigawo kuti apange chisankho choyambirira ".

Patricia & Thomas Dickerson

Wolemba, Thomas A. Dickerson, adamwalira pa Julayi 26, 2018 ali ndi zaka 74. Kudzera mchisomo cha banja lake, eTurboNews akuloledwa kugawana zolemba zake zomwe tili nazo pa fayilo zomwe adatitumizira kuti tizisindikiza sabata iliyonse mtsogolo.

A Hon. Dickerson adapuma pantchito ngati Associate Justice wa Appellate Division, Dipatimenti Yachiwiri ya Khothi Lalikulu ku New York State ndipo adalemba za Travel Law kwa zaka 42 kuphatikiza mabuku ake azamalamulo omwe amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Khothi ku US, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018), ndi zolembedwa zopitilira 500 zalamulo zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pa www.nycourts.gov/courts/9jd/taxcertatd.shtml . Kuti mudziwe zambiri pazamalamulo apaulendo komanso zomwe zikuchitika, makamaka m'maiko mamembala a EU, onani www.IFTTA.org